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Yetişkin bireylerde COVID-19 nedeniyle oluşan kaygı düzeyi ile sağlık algısı arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 18.04.2022

Filiz Polat Leyla Delibaş

https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.57300
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amaç, Türkiye'deki yetişkin bireylerde COVID-19 nedeniyle oluşan kaygı düzeyi ile sağlık algısı arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini Türkiye'de yaşayan 18-60 yaş aralığındaki bireyler, örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 931 kişi oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri çevrimiçi bir anket kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin elde edilmesinde katılımcıların sosyo-demografik özelliklerini ve COVID-19 pandemisinin etkilerini içeren Kişisel Bilgi Formu ile Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Envanteri (STAI-TX) ve Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği (PHS) kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı, ortalama, standart sapma, yüzde, t-testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların ortalama STAI puan ortalamasının 45.4±11.8 ve PHS puan ortalamasının 46.7±8.0 olduğu, sağlık algısı ile kaygı düzeyi arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi. Kaygı düzeyi için risk faktörleri olarak cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, gelir durumu, kronik hastalık varlığı, sağlık kaygısı için risk faktörleri olarak cinsiyet, gelir durumu ve kronik hastalık varlığı belirlendi.
Sonuçlar: Bu çalışmada, yetişkin bireylerin COVID-19 pandemisi sırasında sağlık algıları arttıkça kaygı düzeylerinin azaldığı belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

kaygı düzeyi COVID-19 sağlık kaygısı

References

  • Al Dhaheri, A. S., Bataineh, M. F., Mohamad, M. N., Ajab, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H.,. Ismail, L. C. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0249107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249107
  • Altay, B., Çavuşoğlu, F., & Çal, A. (2016). The factors affecting the perception of elderly patients towards health, quality of life and health-related quality of life. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 3(15), 181-189. https://dx.doi org/10.5455/pmb.1-1438765038
  • Çağ, Y., Erdem, H., Gormez, A., Ankarali, H., Hargreavese, S., , Ferreira-Coimbra, J., ………Rello, J. (2021). Anxiety among front-line health-care workers supporting patients with COVID-19: A global survey. General Hospital Psychiatry, 68(2021), 90–96.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • Ministry of Health (2022). COVID-19 Turkey Web Portal. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Date of access: March 1, 2022.
  • Çaka, S. Y., Topal, S., Suzan, Ö. K., Çınar, N., & Altınkaynak, S. (2017). The relationship between nursing students’ health perception and self-confidence. Journal of Human Rhythm, 3(4), 199-203.
  • Çiçek, B., & Almalı, V. (2020). The relationship between anxiety self-efficacy and psychological well-being during Covid-19 pandemic process: comparison of private and public sector employees. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 241-260. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43492
  • Çölgeçen, Y., & Çölgeçen, H. (2020). Evaluation of anxiety levels arising from covid-19 pandemic: the case of turkey. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 261-75. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44399
  • Diamond, J. J., Becker, J. A., Arenson, C. A., Chambers, C. V., & Rosenthal, M. P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults' perceptions of health: Preliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 557–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20164
  • Doğan, M. M., & Düzel, B. (2020). Fear-anxiety levels in covid-19. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 739-752. 2. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678
  • Efteli, E., & Khorshtd, L. (2016). Comparıson of health perceptıon of two dıfferent dıvısıons student. Ege University Nursing Faculty Journal, 32(2), 1–10.
  • Ekiz, T., Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E. (2020). Control perception of covıd-19, health anxiety, coronavirus, epidemic, psychological ımpact. International Journal of Health Management and Strategies Research, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Eren, H. K. (2021). Anxiety levels and sleep quality of individuals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 3, 235-242
  • Göksu, Ö., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Perceived stress level and anxiety levels in individuals in Covid-19 Outbreak. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 463-79. . https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
  • Günaydın, N. C., & Baykal, S. (2020). Evaluation of anxiety level during Covid-19 pandemic in adolecents with asthma. Namık Kemal Medical Journal, 8(3), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.771013
  • Kadıoğlu, H., & Yıldız, A. (2012). Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32, 47–53
  • Karaoglu, N., Karaoğlu, K. B., & Yardımcı, H. (2020). Comparison of health perception and health anxiety levels of sociology and medical students. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(3), 615-628. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.43660
  • Kaya, B. (2020). Effects of pandemic on mental health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(2), 123-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2020.64325
  • Kaya, Y., Bostan, S., Kaya, A., Karaman, Ö., Karataş, A., & Dereli, S. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety depression and intention to go to hospital in chronic patients. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(7), e14219. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14219
  • Kwok, K., Li, K., Chan, H., Yi, Y., Wei, W., & Wong, S. (2020). Community responses during early phase of covıd-19 epidemic, hong kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7), 1575-159.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., … Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019, JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.202039766
  • Lee, Y. J., Shin, S. J., Wang, R. H., Lin, K. D., Lee, Y. L., & Wang, Y. L. (2016). Pathways of empowerment perceptions, health literacy, self-efficacy, and selfcare behaviors to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(2), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1016 / j.pec.2015.08.021
  • Luria, C. J., Sitarik, A. R., Havstad, S., Zoratti, E. M., Kim, H., Wegienka, G. R.,….. Cassidy-Bushrow, A. E. (2020). Assocation between asthma symptom scores and perceived stress and trait anxiety in adolescent with asthma. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 41(3), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200017
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Evanteri El Kitabı. (2.Basım). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Ozdelikara, A., Agacdiken-Alkan, S., & Mumcu, N. (2018). Determination of health perception, health anxiety and effecting factors among nursing students. Bakırköy Medical Journal,14, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347
  • Özdin, S., & Özdin, Ş. B. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Saruç, S., & Kızıltaş, A. (2021). Anxiety levels of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic examination in terms of their psychological resilience and the problems they experience. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(4), 314-323. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd. 2021.04
  • Sharma, N. (2021). Peace of mind (the inner peace) and mental health: A comparative study of two age groups during the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 8(9), b817-b822.
  • Solomou, I., & Constantinidou, F. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144924
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults (STAI-AD) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. 1983.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute 2020 (TUIK 2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=Nufus-ve-Demografi-109. Date of access: February 26, 2022.
  • Voorend, C. G. N., van Oevelen, M., Nieberg, M., Meuleman, Y., Franssen, C.F.M., Joosten, H.,…… POLDER investigators (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of anxiety and depression and health-related quality of life in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics, 21, 650.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Roger, C. H. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wang, R., Chen, J., Gao, K., & Wei, G. (2021). Vaccine-escape and fast-growing mutations in the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Spain, India, and other COVID-19-devastated countries. Genomics, 113(4), 2158-2170. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.006
  • Wieteska-Miłek, M., Szmit, S., Florczyk, M., Ku´smierczyk-Droszcz, B., Ryczek, R., Dzienisiewicz, M.,…. Kurzyna, M. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension during the pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10, 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184195
  • Yıldırım, S. (2020). Social-psychological view of the epidemics: Covid-19 (corona virus) pandemic case. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1331-1351.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Sağlam, M. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 perceived stress and threat on employee work life balance and motivation. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies, 13(25), 518-538. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.977745
  • Zhang, W., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W., Xue, Q., Peng, M.,… Wang, H. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the Covid-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89, 242–250 https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
  • Zhong, B. L., Luo, W., Li, H. M., Zhang, Q. Q., Liu, X. G., Li, W. T., & Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221
  • Zinatizadeh, M. R., Zarandi, P. K., Zinatizadeh, M., Yousefi, M. H., Amani, J., & Rezaei, N. (2022). Efficacy of mRNA, adenoviral vector, and perfusion protein COVID-19 vaccines. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 146, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112527

Examining the correlation between COVID-19-related anxiety level and health perception in adults

Year 2022, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 14 - 20, 18.04.2022

Filiz Polat Leyla Delibaş

https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.57300
Cited By: 1

Abstract

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the level of anxiety caused by COVID-19 and health perception in adult individuals in Turkey.
Methods: The population of this descriptive study consisted of individuals between the ages of 18-60 living in Turkey, and the sample consisted of 931 people who agreed to participate in the study. The data of the research were collected using an online questionnaire. Personal Information Form, which includes the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-TX) and Health Perception Scale (PHS) were used to obtain the data. Number, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), pearson correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data.
Results: It was determined that the mean STAI score of the participants was 45.4±11.8 and the mean PHS score was 46.7±8.0, and there was a negative correlation between health perception and anxiety level. Gender, education level, income status, presence of chronic disease were determined as risk factors for anxiety level, gender, income status and presence of chronic disease were determined as risk factors for health anxiety.
Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that as the health perceptions of adult individuals increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, their anxiety levels decreased

Keywords

anxiety level COVID-19 health perception

References

  • Al Dhaheri, A. S., Bataineh, M. F., Mohamad, M. N., Ajab, A., Al Marzouqi, A., Jarrar, A. H.,. Ismail, L. C. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region. PLoS ONE, 16(3), e0249107. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249107
  • Altay, B., Çavuşoğlu, F., & Çal, A. (2016). The factors affecting the perception of elderly patients towards health, quality of life and health-related quality of life. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 3(15), 181-189. https://dx.doi org/10.5455/pmb.1-1438765038
  • Çağ, Y., Erdem, H., Gormez, A., Ankarali, H., Hargreavese, S., , Ferreira-Coimbra, J., ………Rello, J. (2021). Anxiety among front-line health-care workers supporting patients with COVID-19: A global survey. General Hospital Psychiatry, 68(2021), 90–96.
  • Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M., Xu, X., Dong, J., & Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Research, 287, 112934. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112934.
  • Ministry of Health (2022). COVID-19 Turkey Web Portal. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ Date of access: March 1, 2022.
  • Çaka, S. Y., Topal, S., Suzan, Ö. K., Çınar, N., & Altınkaynak, S. (2017). The relationship between nursing students’ health perception and self-confidence. Journal of Human Rhythm, 3(4), 199-203.
  • Çiçek, B., & Almalı, V. (2020). The relationship between anxiety self-efficacy and psychological well-being during Covid-19 pandemic process: comparison of private and public sector employees. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 241-260. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.43492
  • Çölgeçen, Y., & Çölgeçen, H. (2020). Evaluation of anxiety levels arising from covid-19 pandemic: the case of turkey. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 261-75. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44399
  • Diamond, J. J., Becker, J. A., Arenson, C. A., Chambers, C. V., & Rosenthal, M. P. (2007). Development of a scale to measure adults' perceptions of health: Preliminary findings. Journal of Community Psychology, 35(5), 557–561. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.20164
  • Doğan, M. M., & Düzel, B. (2020). Fear-anxiety levels in covid-19. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 739-752. 2. https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44678
  • Efteli, E., & Khorshtd, L. (2016). Comparıson of health perceptıon of two dıfferent dıvısıons student. Ege University Nursing Faculty Journal, 32(2), 1–10.
  • Ekiz, T., Ilıman, E., & Dönmez, E. (2020). Control perception of covıd-19, health anxiety, coronavirus, epidemic, psychological ımpact. International Journal of Health Management and Strategies Research, 6(1), 139-154.
  • Eren, H. K. (2021). Anxiety levels and sleep quality of individuals during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Turkish Sleep Medicine, 3, 235-242
  • Göksu, Ö., & Kumcağız, H. (2020). Perceived stress level and anxiety levels in individuals in Covid-19 Outbreak. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 463-79. . https://dx.doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.44397
  • Günaydın, N. C., & Baykal, S. (2020). Evaluation of anxiety level during Covid-19 pandemic in adolecents with asthma. Namık Kemal Medical Journal, 8(3), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.37696/nkmj.771013
  • Kadıoğlu, H., & Yıldız, A. (2012). Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe çevriminin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences, 32, 47–53
  • Karaoglu, N., Karaoğlu, K. B., & Yardımcı, H. (2020). Comparison of health perception and health anxiety levels of sociology and medical students. Ankara Medical Journal, 20(3), 615-628. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/amj.2020.43660
  • Kaya, B. (2020). Effects of pandemic on mental health. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23(2), 123-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.5505/kpd.2020.64325
  • Kaya, Y., Bostan, S., Kaya, A., Karaman, Ö., Karataş, A., & Dereli, S. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety depression and intention to go to hospital in chronic patients. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 75(7), e14219. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcp.14219
  • Kwok, K., Li, K., Chan, H., Yi, Y., Wei, W., & Wong, S. (2020). Community responses during early phase of covıd-19 epidemic, hong kong. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 26(7), 1575-159.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., … Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019, JAMA Network Open, 3(3), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.202039766
  • Lee, Y. J., Shin, S. J., Wang, R. H., Lin, K. D., Lee, Y. L., & Wang, Y. L. (2016). Pathways of empowerment perceptions, health literacy, self-efficacy, and selfcare behaviors to glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patient Education and Counseling, 99(2), 287-294. https://doi.org/10.1016 / j.pec.2015.08.021
  • Luria, C. J., Sitarik, A. R., Havstad, S., Zoratti, E. M., Kim, H., Wegienka, G. R.,….. Cassidy-Bushrow, A. E. (2020). Assocation between asthma symptom scores and perceived stress and trait anxiety in adolescent with asthma. Allergy and Asthma Proceedings, 41(3), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200017
  • Öner, N., & Le Compte, A. (1998). Süreksiz Durumluk/Sürekli Kaygı Evanteri El Kitabı. (2.Basım). İstanbul: Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Yayınevi.
  • Ozdelikara, A., Agacdiken-Alkan, S., & Mumcu, N. (2018). Determination of health perception, health anxiety and effecting factors among nursing students. Bakırköy Medical Journal,14, 275-282. https://doi.org/10.5350/BTDMJB.20170310015347
  • Özdin, S., & Özdin, Ş. B. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020927051
  • Saruç, S., & Kızıltaş, A. (2021). Anxiety levels of healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic examination in terms of their psychological resilience and the problems they experience. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 12(4), 314-323. https://doi.org/10.14744/phd. 2021.04
  • Sharma, N. (2021). Peace of mind (the inner peace) and mental health: A comparative study of two age groups during the COVID19 pandemic. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 8(9), b817-b822.
  • Solomou, I., & Constantinidou, F. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the Covid-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(14), 4924. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144924
  • Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State-trait anxiety inventory for adults (STAI-AD) [Database record]. APA PsycTests. 1983.
  • Turkish Statistical Institute 2020 (TUIK 2020). https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/ GetKategori?p=Nufus-ve-Demografi-109. Date of access: February 26, 2022.
  • Voorend, C. G. N., van Oevelen, M., Nieberg, M., Meuleman, Y., Franssen, C.F.M., Joosten, H.,…… POLDER investigators (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on symptoms of anxiety and depression and health-related quality of life in older patients with chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatrics, 21, 650.
  • Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Roger, C. H. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (Covid-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5), 1729. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
  • Wang, R., Chen, J., Gao, K., & Wei, G. (2021). Vaccine-escape and fast-growing mutations in the United Kingdom, the United States, Singapore, Spain, India, and other COVID-19-devastated countries. Genomics, 113(4), 2158-2170. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.006
  • Wieteska-Miłek, M., Szmit, S., Florczyk, M., Ku´smierczyk-Droszcz, B., Ryczek, R., Dzienisiewicz, M.,…. Kurzyna, M. (2021). Fear of COVID-19, anxiety and depression in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension during the pandemic. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10, 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10184195
  • Yıldırım, S. (2020). Social-psychological view of the epidemics: Covid-19 (corona virus) pandemic case. Turkish Studies, 15(4), 1331-1351.
  • Yılmaz, B., & Sağlam, M. (2021). Effect of COVID-19 perceived stress and threat on employee work life balance and motivation. Journal of Academic Researches and Studies, 13(25), 518-538. https://doi.org/10.20990/kilisiibfakademik.977745
  • Zhang, W., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W., Xue, Q., Peng, M.,… Wang, H. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the Covid-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 89, 242–250 https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
  • Zhong, B. L., Luo, W., Li, H. M., Zhang, Q. Q., Liu, X. G., Li, W. T., & Li, Y. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: A quick online cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1745–1752. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.45221
  • Zinatizadeh, M. R., Zarandi, P. K., Zinatizadeh, M., Yousefi, M. H., Amani, J., & Rezaei, N. (2022). Efficacy of mRNA, adenoviral vector, and perfusion protein COVID-19 vaccines. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 146, 112527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112527
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Community Child Health
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Filiz Polat 0000-0001-8326-9504

Leyla Delibaş 0000-0002-9529-5459

Publication Date April 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Polat, F., & Delibaş, L. (2022). Examining the correlation between COVID-19-related anxiety level and health perception in adults. Anatolian Journal of Health Research, 3(1), 14-20. https://doi.org/10.29228/anatoljhr.57300

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