Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 969 - 977, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1306633

Abstract

Supporting Institution

Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi-BAP

Project Number

BAP-22-FEF-4902-04

References

  • [1] Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 1, c. 1. Edinburgh University Press, 1965. accessed: 26 May 2023. [online]. Access adress: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrdfg
  • [2] A. Baytop, içinde Farmasötik botanik, İ.Ü. Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, Baha Matbaası: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1996, ss. 166-169.
  • [3] E. Sezik, E. Yeşilada, G. Honda, Y. Takaishi, Y. Takeda, ve T. Tanaka, “Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 75, no 2-3, pp. 95-115, May. 2001, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00399-8.
  • [4] G. Gürhan ve N. Ezer, “Halk Arasında Hemoroit Tedavisinde Kullanılan Bitkiler-I”, Hacet. Univ. J. Fac. Pharm., no. 1, Art. sy 1, Oca. 2004.
  • [5] S. Darshan ve R. Doreswamy, “Patented antiinflammatory plant drug development from traditional medicine”, Phytother. Res., vol. 18, pp. 343-357, May. 2004, doi: 10.1002/ptr.1475.
  • [6] M. L. Salem, “Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed”, Int. Immunopharmacol., vol. 5, no 13-14, pp. 1749-1770, Ara. 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.008.
  • [7] P. M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Products. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. doi: 10.1002/9780470742761.
  • [8] M. J. Cuéllar, R. M. Giner, M. C. Recio, S. Máñez, ve J. L. Ríos, “Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders”, Fitoterapia, vol. 72, no 3, pp. 221-229, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00305-1.
  • [9] N. Erdemoglu, E. Küpeli, ve E. Yeşilada, “Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 89, no 1, pp. 123-129, Kas. 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00282-4.
  • [10] R. W. Li, G. David Lin, S. P. Myers, ve D. N. Leach, “Anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese medicinal vine plants”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 85, no 1, pp. 61-67, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00339-2.
  • [11] P. Landa, P. Marsik, J. Havlik, P. Kloucek, T. Vanek, ve L. Kokoska, “Evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of seed extracts from six Nigella species”, J. Med. Food, vol. 12, no 2, pp. 408-415, Nis. 2009, doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0600.
  • [12] A. Savcı, N. Turan, K. Buldurun, M. Eşref Alkış, ve Y. Alan, “Schiff base containing fluorouracil and its M(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities”, Inorg. Chem. Commun., vol. 143, no. 109780, Eyl. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109780.
  • [13] E. F. Koçpinar, M. Kürşat, A. Savci, ve Y. Alan, “Some biological properties of ethanol extract prepared from the aerial parts of Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata (Rech.f.) J.R. Edm.”, Bitlis Eren Univ. J. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, no 2, pp. 43-48, Ara. 2020, doi: 10.17678/beuscitech.805013.
  • [14] A. Savci, E. F. Koçpinar, Y. Alan, ve M. Kürşat, “Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh. (kaf pisikotu) Estraktının HPLC ile Fenolik Madde İçeriğinin Tayini, Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve DNA Koruyucu Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg., vol. 8, no 2, pp. 797-803, Ara. 2020, doi: 10.18586/msufbd.797056.
  • [15] A. Savci, E. koçpınar, Y. Alan, ve M. Kurşat, “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection activities of some Tanacetum species and phenolic richness in their ethanolic extracts”, Int. Food Res. J., vol. 27, pp. 160-170, Oca. 2020.
  • [16] A. Savci, “Eryngium Billardieri F. Dolaroche’den (Boğa Dikeni) Hazırlanan Ekstraktlarin Fenolik İçerikleri Ve Biyolojik Özellikleri,”, İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Mesl. Üksek Okulu Derg., vol. 9, no. 3, pp.785-795, 2021, doi: 10.33715/inonusaglik.904506.
  • [17] H. Mitsuda, K. Yasumoto, ve K. Iwami, “Antioxidative Action of Indole Compounds during the Autoxidation of Linoleic Acid”, Eiyo Shokuryo, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 210-214, 1966, doi: 10.4327/jsnfs1949.19.210.
  • [18] M. Oyaizu, “Studies on Products of Browning Reaction Prepared From Glucose Amin”, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 307-315, 1986, doi: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307.
  • [19] R. Apak, K. Güçlü, M. Ozyürek, ve S. E. Karademir, “Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 52, no. 26, pp. 7970-7981, Ara. 2004, doi: 10.1021/jf048741x.
  • [20] A. Alhafez, A. Savci, Y. Alan, R. Söylemez, ve A. Kilic, “Preparation of Cu(II), Ni(II), Ti(IV), VO(IV), and Zn(II) Metal Complexes Derived from Novel vic-Dioxime and Investigation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities”, Chem. Biodivers., vol. 19, no 3, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100768.
  • [21] M. S. Blois, “Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical”, Nature, vol. 181, no. 4617, pp.1199-1200, 1958, doi: 10.1038/1811199a0.
  • [22] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, ve C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay”, Free Radic. Biol. Med., vol. 26, no 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, May. 1999, doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00315-3.
  • [23] T. L. Siddall vd., “Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles”, Pest Manag. Sci., vol. 58, no 12, pp. 1175-1186, 2002, doi: 10.1002/ps.588.
  • [24] M. Z. Bhatti, A. Ali, A. Ahmad, A. Saeed, ve S. A. Malik, “Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Ranunculus arvensis L. extracts”, BMC Res. Notes, vol. 8, no 1, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1228-3.
  • [25] J. M. Prieto, M. C. Recio, R. M. Giner, G. R. Schinella, S. Máñez, ve J. L. Ríos, “In vitro and in vivo effects of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii methanol extract on models of eicosanoid production and contact dermatitis”, Phytother. Res. PTR, vol. 22, no 3, pp. 297-302, Mar. 2008, doi: 10.1002/ptr.2309.
  • [26] W. Noor, R. Gul, ve M. Choudhary, “Isolation and antibacterial activity of the compound from Ranunculus repens L.”, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., vol. 28, pp. 271-274, Haz. 2006.
  • [27] M. Campos, K. Markham, K. Mitchell, ve A. Cunha, “An approach to the characterization of bee pollens via their flavonoid/phenolic profiles”, Phytochem. Anal., vol. 8, pp. 181-185, Tem. 1997, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199707)8:4<181::AID-PCA359>3.0.CO;2-A.
  • [28] Z.-Y. Wang vd., “Integrated strategy of LC-MS and network pharmacology for predicting active constituents and pharmacological mechanisms of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. for treating rheumatoid arthritis”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 271, no. 113818, p.113818, May. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113818.
  • [29] A. Deghima vd., “Bioactive polyphenols from Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf. Roots: Quantification, identification and antioxidant activity”, South Afr. J. Bot., vol. 132, pp. 204-214, Ağu. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.036.
  • [30] D. Huang, B. Ou, ve R. L. Prior, “The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1841-1856, Mar. 2005, doi: 10.1021/jf030723c.
  • [31] M. P. Kähkönen vd., “Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3954-3962, Eki. 1999, doi: 10.1021/jf990146l.
  • [32] S. Shahid, T. Riaz, ve M. N. Asghar, “Screening of Ranunculus sceleratus for enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities”, Bangladesh J. Pharmacol., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 436, 2015, doi: 10.3329/bjp.v10i2.22805.
  • [33] D. Say, P. Tastan, ve T. Fafal, “Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ranunculus constantinopolitanus”, Chem. Nat. Compd., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 527-530, May. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10600-022-03725-7.
  • [34] G. İ. Kaya et al., “Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ranunculus marginatus var. trachycarpus and R. sprunerianus”, Turk. J. Biol., 2010, doi: 10.3906/biy-0809-13.
  • [35] A. K. Singh, S. Solanki, ve D. Prasad, “Antioxidant Determination And Thin Layer Chromatography Of Extract Withania Somnifera, Terminalia Arjuna, Bacopa Monnieri, Ranunculus Sceleratus And Acalypha Indica.”, Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med., vol. 7, no 11, pp. 4394-4408, Oca. 2021.
  • [36] H. Zhang vd., “Human mitochondrial topoisomerase I”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 98, no. 19, pp. 10608-10613, Eyl. 2001, doi: 10.1073/pnas.191321998.
  • [37] M. Luo vd., “Inhibitory activities of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. ethanol extract against hepatitis B virus”, J. Med. Virol., vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2727-2735, Haz. 2022, doi: 10.1002/jmv.27621.

Phenolic Characterization and in vitro Biological Activities of Ranunculus Cornutus DC.

Year 2023, Volume: 12 Issue: 4, 969 - 977, 28.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1306633

Abstract

In this study, Ranunculus cornutus DC. (Evlimemedotu) content analysis and some biological activities were investigated. For this purpose, methanol and water extracts of the plant were taken and their phenolic analyzes were determined by LC-MS-MS. Total antioxidant method, FRAP, CUPRAC, iron chelation method, DPPH and ABTS methods were used for antioxidant studies. According to LC-MS results, the maximum was 3261.43 µg/L, vanillic acid 1217.70 µg/L and ferulic acid 769.40 µg/L. According to the antioxidant results, it was determined that water and methanol extracts exhibited lower activity than standard antioxidants. It can be said that the reason for this is the amount of phenolic they contain. However, it was observed that the methanol extract generally had better antioxidant activity than the water extract. Finally, according to the DNA study results, it was determined that water and methanol extracts alone did not have a negative effect on the stable structure of DNA. Since there are no studies with R. cornutus DC., it is thought that this study will make a very important contribution to the literature and provide important data for future studies

Project Number

BAP-22-FEF-4902-04

References

  • [1] Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Volume 1, c. 1. Edinburgh University Press, 1965. accessed: 26 May 2023. [online]. Access adress: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctvxcrdfg
  • [2] A. Baytop, içinde Farmasötik botanik, İ.Ü. Eczacılık Fakültesi Yayınları, Baha Matbaası: İstanbul Üniversitesi, 1996, ss. 166-169.
  • [3] E. Sezik, E. Yeşilada, G. Honda, Y. Takaishi, Y. Takeda, ve T. Tanaka, “Traditional medicine in Turkey X. Folk medicine in Central Anatolia”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 75, no 2-3, pp. 95-115, May. 2001, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00399-8.
  • [4] G. Gürhan ve N. Ezer, “Halk Arasında Hemoroit Tedavisinde Kullanılan Bitkiler-I”, Hacet. Univ. J. Fac. Pharm., no. 1, Art. sy 1, Oca. 2004.
  • [5] S. Darshan ve R. Doreswamy, “Patented antiinflammatory plant drug development from traditional medicine”, Phytother. Res., vol. 18, pp. 343-357, May. 2004, doi: 10.1002/ptr.1475.
  • [6] M. L. Salem, “Immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed”, Int. Immunopharmacol., vol. 5, no 13-14, pp. 1749-1770, Ara. 2005, doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2005.06.008.
  • [7] P. M. Dewick, Medicinal Natural Products. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2009. doi: 10.1002/9780470742761.
  • [8] M. J. Cuéllar, R. M. Giner, M. C. Recio, S. Máñez, ve J. L. Ríos, “Topical anti-inflammatory activity of some Asian medicinal plants used in dermatological disorders”, Fitoterapia, vol. 72, no 3, pp. 221-229, Mar. 2001, doi: 10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00305-1.
  • [9] N. Erdemoglu, E. Küpeli, ve E. Yeşilada, “Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activity assessment of plants used as remedy in Turkish folk medicine”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 89, no 1, pp. 123-129, Kas. 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(03)00282-4.
  • [10] R. W. Li, G. David Lin, S. P. Myers, ve D. N. Leach, “Anti-inflammatory activity of Chinese medicinal vine plants”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 85, no 1, pp. 61-67, Mar. 2003, doi: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00339-2.
  • [11] P. Landa, P. Marsik, J. Havlik, P. Kloucek, T. Vanek, ve L. Kokoska, “Evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of seed extracts from six Nigella species”, J. Med. Food, vol. 12, no 2, pp. 408-415, Nis. 2009, doi: 10.1089/jmf.2007.0600.
  • [12] A. Savcı, N. Turan, K. Buldurun, M. Eşref Alkış, ve Y. Alan, “Schiff base containing fluorouracil and its M(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities”, Inorg. Chem. Commun., vol. 143, no. 109780, Eyl. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109780.
  • [13] E. F. Koçpinar, M. Kürşat, A. Savci, ve Y. Alan, “Some biological properties of ethanol extract prepared from the aerial parts of Scutellaria albida L. subsp. condensata (Rech.f.) J.R. Edm.”, Bitlis Eren Univ. J. Sci. Technol., vol. 10, no 2, pp. 43-48, Ara. 2020, doi: 10.17678/beuscitech.805013.
  • [14] A. Savci, E. F. Koçpinar, Y. Alan, ve M. Kürşat, “Nepeta transcaucasica Grossh. (kaf pisikotu) Estraktının HPLC ile Fenolik Madde İçeriğinin Tayini, Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve DNA Koruyucu Aktivitelerinin Belirlenmesi”, Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen Bilim. Derg., vol. 8, no 2, pp. 797-803, Ara. 2020, doi: 10.18586/msufbd.797056.
  • [15] A. Savci, E. koçpınar, Y. Alan, ve M. Kurşat, “Antioxidant, antimicrobial, and DNA protection activities of some Tanacetum species and phenolic richness in their ethanolic extracts”, Int. Food Res. J., vol. 27, pp. 160-170, Oca. 2020.
  • [16] A. Savci, “Eryngium Billardieri F. Dolaroche’den (Boğa Dikeni) Hazırlanan Ekstraktlarin Fenolik İçerikleri Ve Biyolojik Özellikleri,”, İnönü Üniversitesi Sağlık Hizmetleri Mesl. Üksek Okulu Derg., vol. 9, no. 3, pp.785-795, 2021, doi: 10.33715/inonusaglik.904506.
  • [17] H. Mitsuda, K. Yasumoto, ve K. Iwami, “Antioxidative Action of Indole Compounds during the Autoxidation of Linoleic Acid”, Eiyo Shokuryo, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 210-214, 1966, doi: 10.4327/jsnfs1949.19.210.
  • [18] M. Oyaizu, “Studies on Products of Browning Reaction Prepared From Glucose Amin”, Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet., vol. 44, no. 6, pp. 307-315, 1986, doi: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307.
  • [19] R. Apak, K. Güçlü, M. Ozyürek, ve S. E. Karademir, “Novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols and vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC method”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 52, no. 26, pp. 7970-7981, Ara. 2004, doi: 10.1021/jf048741x.
  • [20] A. Alhafez, A. Savci, Y. Alan, R. Söylemez, ve A. Kilic, “Preparation of Cu(II), Ni(II), Ti(IV), VO(IV), and Zn(II) Metal Complexes Derived from Novel vic-Dioxime and Investigation of Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities”, Chem. Biodivers., vol. 19, no 3, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1002/cbdv.202100768.
  • [21] M. S. Blois, “Antioxidant Determinations by the Use of a Stable Free Radical”, Nature, vol. 181, no. 4617, pp.1199-1200, 1958, doi: 10.1038/1811199a0.
  • [22] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, ve C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay”, Free Radic. Biol. Med., vol. 26, no 9-10, pp. 1231-1237, May. 1999, doi: 10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00315-3.
  • [23] T. L. Siddall vd., “Synthesis and herbicidal activity of phenyl-substituted benzoylpyrazoles”, Pest Manag. Sci., vol. 58, no 12, pp. 1175-1186, 2002, doi: 10.1002/ps.588.
  • [24] M. Z. Bhatti, A. Ali, A. Ahmad, A. Saeed, ve S. A. Malik, “Antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of Ranunculus arvensis L. extracts”, BMC Res. Notes, vol. 8, no 1, 2015, doi: 10.1186/s13104-015-1228-3.
  • [25] J. M. Prieto, M. C. Recio, R. M. Giner, G. R. Schinella, S. Máñez, ve J. L. Ríos, “In vitro and in vivo effects of Ranunculus peltatus subsp. baudotii methanol extract on models of eicosanoid production and contact dermatitis”, Phytother. Res. PTR, vol. 22, no 3, pp. 297-302, Mar. 2008, doi: 10.1002/ptr.2309.
  • [26] W. Noor, R. Gul, ve M. Choudhary, “Isolation and antibacterial activity of the compound from Ranunculus repens L.”, J. Chem. Soc. Pak., vol. 28, pp. 271-274, Haz. 2006.
  • [27] M. Campos, K. Markham, K. Mitchell, ve A. Cunha, “An approach to the characterization of bee pollens via their flavonoid/phenolic profiles”, Phytochem. Anal., vol. 8, pp. 181-185, Tem. 1997, doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1565(199707)8:4<181::AID-PCA359>3.0.CO;2-A.
  • [28] Z.-Y. Wang vd., “Integrated strategy of LC-MS and network pharmacology for predicting active constituents and pharmacological mechanisms of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. for treating rheumatoid arthritis”, J. Ethnopharmacol., vol. 271, no. 113818, p.113818, May. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113818.
  • [29] A. Deghima vd., “Bioactive polyphenols from Ranunculus macrophyllus Desf. Roots: Quantification, identification and antioxidant activity”, South Afr. J. Bot., vol. 132, pp. 204-214, Ağu. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.sajb.2020.03.036.
  • [30] D. Huang, B. Ou, ve R. L. Prior, “The chemistry behind antioxidant capacity assays”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1841-1856, Mar. 2005, doi: 10.1021/jf030723c.
  • [31] M. P. Kähkönen vd., “Antioxidant Activity of Plant Extracts Containing Phenolic Compounds”, J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 3954-3962, Eki. 1999, doi: 10.1021/jf990146l.
  • [32] S. Shahid, T. Riaz, ve M. N. Asghar, “Screening of Ranunculus sceleratus for enzyme inhibition, antibacterial and antioxidant activities”, Bangladesh J. Pharmacol., vol. 10, no. 2, p. 436, 2015, doi: 10.3329/bjp.v10i2.22805.
  • [33] D. Say, P. Tastan, ve T. Fafal, “Fatty Acid Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ranunculus constantinopolitanus”, Chem. Nat. Compd., vol. 58, no. 3, pp. 527-530, May. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s10600-022-03725-7.
  • [34] G. İ. Kaya et al., “Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Ranunculus marginatus var. trachycarpus and R. sprunerianus”, Turk. J. Biol., 2010, doi: 10.3906/biy-0809-13.
  • [35] A. K. Singh, S. Solanki, ve D. Prasad, “Antioxidant Determination And Thin Layer Chromatography Of Extract Withania Somnifera, Terminalia Arjuna, Bacopa Monnieri, Ranunculus Sceleratus And Acalypha Indica.”, Eur. J. Mol. Clin. Med., vol. 7, no 11, pp. 4394-4408, Oca. 2021.
  • [36] H. Zhang vd., “Human mitochondrial topoisomerase I”, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 98, no. 19, pp. 10608-10613, Eyl. 2001, doi: 10.1073/pnas.191321998.
  • [37] M. Luo vd., “Inhibitory activities of Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. ethanol extract against hepatitis B virus”, J. Med. Virol., vol. 94, no. 6, pp. 2727-2735, Haz. 2022, doi: 10.1002/jmv.27621.
There are 37 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Araştırma Makalesi
Authors

Ahmet Savcı 0000-0002-9609-785X

Serap Dicle 0000-0001-7642-0405

Project Number BAP-22-FEF-4902-04
Early Pub Date December 25, 2023
Publication Date December 28, 2023
Submission Date May 31, 2023
Acceptance Date August 24, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 12 Issue: 4

Cite

IEEE A. Savcı and S. Dicle, “Phenolic Characterization and in vitro Biological Activities of Ranunculus Cornutus DC”., Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 969–977, 2023, doi: 10.17798/bitlisfen.1306633.

Bitlis Eren University
Journal of Science Editor
Bitlis Eren University Graduate Institute
Bes Minare Mah. Ahmet Eren Bulvari, Merkez Kampus, 13000 BITLIS