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Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1654 - 1663, 25.10.2022

Fatma Keser Mustafa Karatepe Serhat Keser Suat Tekin İsmail Türkoğlu Omer Kaygili Ersin Demir Prof. Dr. Ökkeş Yılmaz Süleyman Sandal Sevda Kırbag

Abstract

M. neglecta çok yıllık otsu bir bitkidir ve Malvaceae familyasında yer almaktadır. Bu bitki ülkemizde her türlü toprakta kendiliğinden yetişir ve taze sürgünleri ile yaprakları sebze olarak tüketilir. Bu çalışmada M. neglecta toprak üstü kısımlarının su, etanol ve metanol ekstraktlarının antiradikal, antimikrobiyal, antikanser ve fitokimyasal içerikleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, M. neglecta toprak üstü kısımlarının yüksek antiradikal, antimikrobiyal, antikanser aktiviteye ve fitokimyasal içeriğe sahip olduğu anlaşılmıştır.

Keywords

M. neglecta ebegümeci antiradikal fitokimyasal antikanser antimikrobiyal

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

115Z056

Thanks

Bu çalışma TÜBİTAK tarafından 115Z056 numaralı proje ile desteklenmiştir.

References

  • [1] R.A. Larson, “The antioxidants of higher plants,” Phytochemistry, vol. 27, pp. 969–978, 1988.
  • [2] N. Ramarathnam, T. Osawa, M. Namiki, and S. Kawakishi, “Chemical studies on novel rice hull antioxidants. 1. Isolation, fractionation, and partial characterization,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 36, pp. 732–737, 1988.
  • [3] D.E. Pratt and B.J.F. Hudson, “Natural antioxidants not exploited commercially in food antioxidants,” Ed. B.J.F. Hudson, Netherlands: Elsevier, 1990, pp. 171–192.
  • [4] F. Keser, “Bazı yenilebilir bitkilerin antiradikal, antibakteriyel ve antikanser özellikleri ile içerdikleri fitokimyasal bileşiklerin saptanması,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, 2018.
  • [5] B.M. Ames, M.K. Shigena, and T.M. Hagen, “Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of ageing,” Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, vol. 90, pp. 7915–7922, 1993.
  • [6] L.O. Dragsted, M. Strube, and J.C. Larsen, “Cancer-protective factors in fruits and vegetables: Biochemical and biological background,” Pharmacological Toxicology, vol. 72, pp. 116–135, 1993.
  • [7] İ. Gülçin, “Isırgan otunun (Urtica dioica) antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi, oksidatif enzimlerin karakterizasyonu ve bazı in vivo etkilerinin incelenmesi,” Doktora tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, 2002.
  • [8] A. Güder, “Urtica dioica L. ve Malva neglecta Wallr. bitkilerinin ve karışımlarının antioksidant aktivitesinin belirlenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, 2008.
  • [9] M. Türker, and A. Dalar, “In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 51, pp. 376–380, 2013.
  • [10] A. Mavi, Z. Terzi, U. Özgen, A. Yildirim, and M. Coşkun, “Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urtiaceae),” Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 27, pp. 702–705, 2004.
  • [11] A. Dalar, M. Türker, and I. Konczak, “Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatiolia Region of Turkey,” Journal of Herbal Medicine, vol. 2, pp. 42–51, 2012.
  • [12] A. Güder, and H. Korkmaz, “Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic solution extracts Urtica dioica L., Malva neglecta Wallr. and their mixture,” Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 11, pp. 913–923, 2012.
  • [13] I. Gürbüz, A.M. Özkan, E. Yesilada, and O. Kutsal, “Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey),” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 101, pp. 313–318, 2005.
  • [14] S.M. Seyyednejad, H. Koochak, E. Darabpour, and H. Motamedi, “A survey on Hibiscus rosasinensis, Alcea rosea L. and Malva neglecta Wallr. as antibacterial agents,” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 3, pp. 351–355, 2010.
  • [15] W. Brand-Williams, M.E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset, “Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity,” LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol. 28, pp. 25–30, 1995.
  • [16] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, pp. 1231–1237, 1999.
  • [17] B. Halliwell, J.M.C. Gutteridge, and O. Aruoma, “The deoxyribose method: a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals,” Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 165, pp. 215–219, 1987.
  • [18] K. Slinkard, and V.L. Singleton, “Total phenol analysis-automation and comparison with manual methods,” American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, vol. 28, pp. 49–55, 1977.
  • [19] D.O. Kim, O.K. Chun, Y.J. Kim, H.Y. Moon, and C.Y. Lee, “Quantification of polyphenolics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 6509–6515, 2003.
  • [20] O.U. Amaeze, G.A. Ayoola, M.O. Sofidiya, A.A. Adepoju-Bello, A.O. Adegoke, and H.A.B. Coker, “Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum (Mull. Arg) Hutch & Dalziel leaves,” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2011, 2011, Art. no. 976701.
  • [21] Y.G. Zu, C.Y. Li, Y.J. Fu, and C.J. Zhao, “Simultaneous determination of catechin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in the extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf by RP-HPLC with DAD,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 41, pp. 714-719, 2006.
  • [22] W.W. Christie, “Gas chromatography and lipids,” Glasgow, Scotland: The Oil Press, 1992, pp. 302-320.
  • [23] D.I. Sanchez-Machado, J. Lopez-Hernandez, and P. Paseiro-Losado, “High performance liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-tocopherol in macroalgae,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 976, pp. 277–284, 2002.
  • [24] J. López-Cervantes, D.I. Sánchez-Machado, and N.J. Ríos-Vázquez, “High performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of retinol, α-tocopherol, and cholesterol in shrimp waste hydrolysate,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1105, pp. 135-139, 2006.
  • [25] C.M. Collins, and P.M. Lyne, Microbiological Methods, London, England: Butterworths-Heinemann, 1989, pp. 3-126.
  • [26] T. Mosmann, “Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays,” Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 65, pp. 55–63, 1983.
  • [27] F. Denizot, and R. Lang, “Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability,” Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 89, pp. 271–277, 1986.
  • [28] J. Pinela, L. Barros, A.L. Antonio, A.M. Carvalho, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, and I.C.F.R. Ferreira, “Quality control of gamma irradiated dwarf mallow (Malva neglecta Wallr.) based on color, organic acids, total phenolics and antioxidant parameters,” Molecules, vol. 21, pp. 1–13, 2016.
  • [29] H. Khan, S.A. Jan, M. Javed, R. Shaheen, Z. Khan, A. Ahmad, S.Z. Safi, and M. Imran, “Nutritional composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of selected wild edible plants,” Journal of Food Biochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 61–70, 2016.
  • [30] U. Saleem, S. Khalid, S. Zaib, F. Anwar, B. Ahmad, I. Ullah, A. Zeb, and M. Ayaz, “Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr.,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 249, 112401, 2020.
  • [31] N. Hasimi, A. Ertaş, E. Varhan Oral, H. Alkan, M. Boğa, M.A. Yılmaz, İ. Yener, I. Gazioğlu, C. Özaslan, M. Akdeniz, and U. Kolak, “Chemical profile of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and their anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with aflatoxin-contents,” Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 21, pp. 471-484, 2017.
  • [32] Z.R. Nangroo, A. Rauf, M. Danish, and M.S. Dar, “Evaluation of fatty acid composition and antimicrobial activity of eight medicinal plants from Kashmir,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 36, pp. 44–53, 2020.
  • [33] G.G. Eskiler, A.D. Özkan, S. Kaleli, “Metastatik prostat kanserinde nobiletinin sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkisinin belirlenmesi,” Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, c. 8, ss. 766-774, 2018.
  • [34] R. Siegel, J. Ma, Z. Zou, A. Jemal, “Cancer Statistics, 2014,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 64, pp. 9–29, 2014.
  • [35] S.C. Williamson, A.E. Hartley, R. Heer, “A review of tasquinimod in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer,” Drug Design, Development and Therapy, vol. pp. 167–174, 2013.
  • [36] D. Coşkun, “HCT 116 ve HT 29 Kolon karsinoma hücrelerinde epibrassinolid tarafindan tetiklenen apoptotik süreçte poliaminlerin rolü,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2014.

In vitro Bioactive and Phytochemical Properties of Malva neglecta Wallr. (Mallow)

Year 2022, Volume: 10 Issue: 4, 1654 - 1663, 25.10.2022

Fatma Keser Mustafa Karatepe Serhat Keser Suat Tekin İsmail Türkoğlu Omer Kaygili Ersin Demir Prof. Dr. Ökkeş Yılmaz Süleyman Sandal Sevda Kırbag

Abstract

M. neglecta is a perennial herbaceous plant and belongs to the Malvaceae family. This plant grows spontaneously on any soil and its fresh shoots and leaves are consumed as vegetables. In this study, the antiradical, antimicrobial, anticancer and phytochemical contents of water, ethanol and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of M. neglecta were investigated. According to the results obtained, it was understood that the aerial parts of M. neglecta have high antiradical, antimicrobial, anticancer activity and phytochemical content.

Keywords

M. neglecta mallow antiradical phytochemical anticancer antimicrobial

Project Number

115Z056

References

  • [1] R.A. Larson, “The antioxidants of higher plants,” Phytochemistry, vol. 27, pp. 969–978, 1988.
  • [2] N. Ramarathnam, T. Osawa, M. Namiki, and S. Kawakishi, “Chemical studies on novel rice hull antioxidants. 1. Isolation, fractionation, and partial characterization,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 36, pp. 732–737, 1988.
  • [3] D.E. Pratt and B.J.F. Hudson, “Natural antioxidants not exploited commercially in food antioxidants,” Ed. B.J.F. Hudson, Netherlands: Elsevier, 1990, pp. 171–192.
  • [4] F. Keser, “Bazı yenilebilir bitkilerin antiradikal, antibakteriyel ve antikanser özellikleri ile içerdikleri fitokimyasal bileşiklerin saptanması,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Elazığ, 2018.
  • [5] B.M. Ames, M.K. Shigena, and T.M. Hagen, “Oxidants, antioxidants and the degenerative diseases of ageing,” Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, vol. 90, pp. 7915–7922, 1993.
  • [6] L.O. Dragsted, M. Strube, and J.C. Larsen, “Cancer-protective factors in fruits and vegetables: Biochemical and biological background,” Pharmacological Toxicology, vol. 72, pp. 116–135, 1993.
  • [7] İ. Gülçin, “Isırgan otunun (Urtica dioica) antioksidan aktivitesinin belirlenmesi, oksidatif enzimlerin karakterizasyonu ve bazı in vivo etkilerinin incelenmesi,” Doktora tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Erzurum, 2002.
  • [8] A. Güder, “Urtica dioica L. ve Malva neglecta Wallr. bitkilerinin ve karışımlarının antioksidant aktivitesinin belirlenmesi,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Samsun, 2008.
  • [9] M. Türker, and A. Dalar, “In vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties and phenolic composition of M. neglecta Wallr. (Malvaceae) fruit: A traditional medicinal fruit from Eastern Anatolia,” Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 51, pp. 376–380, 2013.
  • [10] A. Mavi, Z. Terzi, U. Özgen, A. Yildirim, and M. Coşkun, “Antioxidant properties of some medicinal plants: Prangos ferulacea (Apiaceae), Sedum sempervivoides (Crassulaceae), Malva neglecta (Malvaceae), Cruciata taurica (Rubiaceae), Rosa pimpinellifolia (Rosaceae), Galium verum subsp. verum (Rubiaceae), Urtica dioica (Urtiaceae),” Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, vol. 27, pp. 702–705, 2004.
  • [11] A. Dalar, M. Türker, and I. Konczak, “Antioxidant capacity and phenolic constituents of Malva neglecta Wallr. and Plantago lanceolata L. from Eastern Anatiolia Region of Turkey,” Journal of Herbal Medicine, vol. 2, pp. 42–51, 2012.
  • [12] A. Güder, and H. Korkmaz, “Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic solution extracts Urtica dioica L., Malva neglecta Wallr. and their mixture,” Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, vol. 11, pp. 913–923, 2012.
  • [13] I. Gürbüz, A.M. Özkan, E. Yesilada, and O. Kutsal, “Anti-ulcerogenic activity of some plants used in folk medicine of Pinarbasi (Kayseri, Turkey),” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 101, pp. 313–318, 2005.
  • [14] S.M. Seyyednejad, H. Koochak, E. Darabpour, and H. Motamedi, “A survey on Hibiscus rosasinensis, Alcea rosea L. and Malva neglecta Wallr. as antibacterial agents,” Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, vol. 3, pp. 351–355, 2010.
  • [15] W. Brand-Williams, M.E. Cuvelier, and C. Berset, “Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity,” LWT-Food Science and Technology, vol. 28, pp. 25–30, 1995.
  • [16] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang, and C. Rice-Evans, “Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay,” Free Radical Biology and Medicine, vol. 26, pp. 1231–1237, 1999.
  • [17] B. Halliwell, J.M.C. Gutteridge, and O. Aruoma, “The deoxyribose method: a simple test tube assay for determination of rate constants for reactions of hydroxyl radicals,” Analytical Biochemistry, vol. 165, pp. 215–219, 1987.
  • [18] K. Slinkard, and V.L. Singleton, “Total phenol analysis-automation and comparison with manual methods,” American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, vol. 28, pp. 49–55, 1977.
  • [19] D.O. Kim, O.K. Chun, Y.J. Kim, H.Y. Moon, and C.Y. Lee, “Quantification of polyphenolics and their antioxidant capacity in fresh plums,” Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol. 51, pp. 6509–6515, 2003.
  • [20] O.U. Amaeze, G.A. Ayoola, M.O. Sofidiya, A.A. Adepoju-Bello, A.O. Adegoke, and H.A.B. Coker, “Evaluation of antioxidant activity of Tetracarpidium conophorum (Mull. Arg) Hutch & Dalziel leaves,” Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, vol. 2011, 2011, Art. no. 976701.
  • [21] Y.G. Zu, C.Y. Li, Y.J. Fu, and C.J. Zhao, “Simultaneous determination of catechin, rutin, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in the extract of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) leaf by RP-HPLC with DAD,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, vol. 41, pp. 714-719, 2006.
  • [22] W.W. Christie, “Gas chromatography and lipids,” Glasgow, Scotland: The Oil Press, 1992, pp. 302-320.
  • [23] D.I. Sanchez-Machado, J. Lopez-Hernandez, and P. Paseiro-Losado, “High performance liquid chromatographic determination of alpha-tocopherol in macroalgae,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 976, pp. 277–284, 2002.
  • [24] J. López-Cervantes, D.I. Sánchez-Machado, and N.J. Ríos-Vázquez, “High performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous quantification of retinol, α-tocopherol, and cholesterol in shrimp waste hydrolysate,” Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 1105, pp. 135-139, 2006.
  • [25] C.M. Collins, and P.M. Lyne, Microbiological Methods, London, England: Butterworths-Heinemann, 1989, pp. 3-126.
  • [26] T. Mosmann, “Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: Application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays,” Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 65, pp. 55–63, 1983.
  • [27] F. Denizot, and R. Lang, “Rapid colorimetric assay for cell growth and survival. Modifications to the tetrazolium dye procedure giving improved sensitivity and reliability,” Journal of Immunological Methods, vol. 89, pp. 271–277, 1986.
  • [28] J. Pinela, L. Barros, A.L. Antonio, A.M. Carvalho, M.B.P.P. Oliveira, and I.C.F.R. Ferreira, “Quality control of gamma irradiated dwarf mallow (Malva neglecta Wallr.) based on color, organic acids, total phenolics and antioxidant parameters,” Molecules, vol. 21, pp. 1–13, 2016.
  • [29] H. Khan, S.A. Jan, M. Javed, R. Shaheen, Z. Khan, A. Ahmad, S.Z. Safi, and M. Imran, “Nutritional composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of selected wild edible plants,” Journal of Food Biochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 61–70, 2016.
  • [30] U. Saleem, S. Khalid, S. Zaib, F. Anwar, B. Ahmad, I. Ullah, A. Zeb, and M. Ayaz, “Phytochemical analysis and wound healing studies on ethnomedicinally important plant Malva neglecta Wallr.,” Journal of Ethnopharmacology, vol. 249, 112401, 2020.
  • [31] N. Hasimi, A. Ertaş, E. Varhan Oral, H. Alkan, M. Boğa, M.A. Yılmaz, İ. Yener, I. Gazioğlu, C. Özaslan, M. Akdeniz, and U. Kolak, “Chemical profile of Malva neglecta and Malvella sherardiana by LC-MS/MS, GC/MS and their anticholinesterase, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties with aflatoxin-contents,” Marmara Pharmaceutical Journal, vol. 21, pp. 471-484, 2017.
  • [32] Z.R. Nangroo, A. Rauf, M. Danish, and M.S. Dar, “Evaluation of fatty acid composition and antimicrobial activity of eight medicinal plants from Kashmir,” Oriental Journal of Chemistry, vol. 36, pp. 44–53, 2020.
  • [33] G.G. Eskiler, A.D. Özkan, S. Kaleli, “Metastatik prostat kanserinde nobiletinin sitotoksik ve apoptotik etkisinin belirlenmesi,” Sakarya Tıp Dergisi, c. 8, ss. 766-774, 2018.
  • [34] R. Siegel, J. Ma, Z. Zou, A. Jemal, “Cancer Statistics, 2014,” CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, vol. 64, pp. 9–29, 2014.
  • [35] S.C. Williamson, A.E. Hartley, R. Heer, “A review of tasquinimod in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer,” Drug Design, Development and Therapy, vol. pp. 167–174, 2013.
  • [36] D. Coşkun, “HCT 116 ve HT 29 Kolon karsinoma hücrelerinde epibrassinolid tarafindan tetiklenen apoptotik süreçte poliaminlerin rolü,” Yüksek Lisans tezi, İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul, 2014.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatma Keser 0000-0001-6870-0546

Mustafa Karatepe 0000-0001-6358-5913

Serhat Keser 0000-0002-9678-1053

Suat Tekin 0000-0002-2757-1802

İsmail Türkoğlu 0000-0001-7454-7605

Omer Kaygili 0000-0002-2321-1455

Ersin Demir 0000-0002-7676-5953

Prof. Dr. Ökkeş Yılmaz 0000-0002-8276-4498

Süleyman Sandal 0000-0002-8916-3329

Sevda Kırbag 0000-0002-4337-8236

Project Number 115Z056
Publication Date October 25, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Keser, F., Karatepe, M., Keser, S., Tekin, S., et al. (2022). Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 10(4), 1654-1663. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.994161
AMA Keser F, Karatepe M, Keser S, Tekin S, Türkoğlu İ, Kaygili O, Demir E, Yılmaz PDÖ, Sandal S, Kırbag S. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri. DUBİTED. October 2022;10(4):1654-1663. doi:10.29130/dubited.994161
Chicago Keser, Fatma, Mustafa Karatepe, Serhat Keser, Suat Tekin, İsmail Türkoğlu, Omer Kaygili, Ersin Demir, Prof. Dr. Ökkeş Yılmaz, Süleyman Sandal, and Sevda Kırbag. “Malva Neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In Vitro Biyoaktif Ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10, no. 4 (October 2022): 1654-63. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.994161.
EndNote Keser F, Karatepe M, Keser S, Tekin S, Türkoğlu İ, Kaygili O, Demir E, Yılmaz PDÖ, Sandal S, Kırbag S (October 1, 2022) Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10 4 1654–1663.
IEEE F. Keser, “Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri”, DUBİTED, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1654–1663, 2022, doi: 10.29130/dubited.994161.
ISNAD Keser, Fatma et al. “Malva Neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In Vitro Biyoaktif Ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi 10/4 (October 2022), 1654-1663. https://doi.org/10.29130/dubited.994161.
JAMA Keser F, Karatepe M, Keser S, Tekin S, Türkoğlu İ, Kaygili O, Demir E, Yılmaz PDÖ, Sandal S, Kırbag S. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri. DUBİTED. 2022;10:1654–1663.
MLA Keser, Fatma et al. “Malva Neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In Vitro Biyoaktif Ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri”. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim Ve Teknoloji Dergisi, vol. 10, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1654-63, doi:10.29130/dubited.994161.
Vancouver Keser F, Karatepe M, Keser S, Tekin S, Türkoğlu İ, Kaygili O, Demir E, Yılmaz PDÖ, Sandal S, Kırbag S. Malva neglecta Wallr. (Ebegümeci)’nın In vitro Biyoaktif ve Fitokimyasal Özellikleri. DUBİTED. 2022;10(4):1654-63.
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