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COVID-19 Pandemisinde Yoğun Bakım Hemşirelerinin Merhamet Yorgunluğuna İlişkin Algı ve Deneyimleri: Nitel Bir Çalışma

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 1-2, 47 - 60, 22.11.2023

Sevgi Gür Hamdiye Banu Katran Nurgül Arpag Deniz Öztekin

Abstract

Amaç: Fenomenolojik tipteki nitel çalışmanın amacı; COVID-19 pandemisinde yoğun bakım hemşirelerinin merhamet yorgunluğuna ilişkin algı ve deneyimlerini belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma, İstanbul'da COVID-19 hastalarına bakım yapan bir hastanenin yetişkin yoğun bakım ünitelerinde çalışan 9 hemşireleriyle Mayıs 2021 tarihinde gerçekleştirildi. Veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak ve hemşirelerle odak grup görüşmesi yapılarak toplandı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde içerik analizi kullanıldı. COVID-19 pandemisinde yönetimsel sorunlar, COVID-19 pandemisinin yoğun bakım hemşireleri üzerindeki olumlu etkileri ve COVID-19 pandemisinin yoğun bakım hemşireleri üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri olmak üzere üç ana tema ve on iki alt tema belirlendi.
Bulgular: Yoğun bakım hemşireleri ekip çalışmasında yaşadıkları zorluklar, yönetsel sorunlar, hastaları ve meslektaşlarını motive etme, empati becerilerinde gelişme, asosyal ve izole hayat, korkular, etik ikilemler, bilinmezlikler, tükenmişlik, kendilerine karşı gelişen merhamet yorgunluğu ve pandemi sürecinde vermiş oldukları mücadeleye ilişkin duygu ve deneyimlerini ifade ettiler.
Sonuç: COVID-19 pandemisinin yoğun bakım hemşirelerinde tükenmişlik başta olmak üzere fiziksel, psikososyal ve politiko-ekonomik etkilere yol açtığı görülmektedir. Bu etkilerin fark edilerek özlük haklarında gerekli iyileştirmelerin yapılması ve psikolojik desteğin sağlanması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

COVID-19 merhamet yorgunluğu yoğun bakım hemşireliği.

References

  • Abalos, E. E., Rivera, R. Y, Locsin, R. C., Schoenhofer, S. O. (2016). Husserlian phenomenology and Colaizzi’s method of data analysis: Exemplar in qualitative nursing inquiry using nursing as caring theory. International Journal of Human Caring, 20(1): 19-23.
  • Baltacı A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1): 231-274.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2): 368-388. DOI: 10.31592/aeusbed.598299.
  • Catton, H. (2020). Global challenges in health and health care for nurses and midwives everywhere. International Nursing Review, 67(1): 4-6.
  • Coetzee, S. K., Klopper, H. C. (2010). Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(2): 235-243.
  • Dinç, S., Ekinci, M. (2019). Merhamet Yorgunluğu Kısa Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 11:192-202.
  • Durmuş, İ. M. (2018). Futile treatment and effects on intensive care nursing. Van Medical Journal, 25(3): 437-440.
  • Fernandez, R., Lord, H., Halcomb, E., Moxham, L., Middleton, R., Alananzeh, I., & Ellwood, L. (2020). Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111: 103637.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002a). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists' chronic lack of self-care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(11): 1433-1441.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002b). Treating compassion fatigue. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Hooper, C., Craig, J., Janvrin, D. R., Wetsel, M. A., Reimels, E. (2010). Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 36(5): 420-427.
  • Injeyan, M. C., Shuman., C., Shugar, A., Chitayat, D., Atenafu, E. G., Kaiser, A. (2011). Personality traits associated with genetic counselor compassion fatigue: the roles of dispositional optimism and locus of control. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 20(5): 526-540.
  • Jiang, L., Broome, M. E., Ning, C. (2020). The performance and professionalism of nurses in the fight against the new outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic is laudable. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 107, 103578.
  • Joinson, C. (1992). Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing, 22(4): 116-120.
  • Karasu, F., Çopur E. Ö. (2020). Koronavirus (COVID-19) vakaları artarken salgının ön safındaki bir yoğun bakım hemşiresi: “Cephede Duran Kahramanlar”. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 24(1): 11-14.
  • Kıraner, E., Terzi, B. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde yoğun bakım hemşireliği. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 24(EK-1): 83-88.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3): e203976-e203976.
  • Leblebicioğlu, H., Aktaş, F. N. (2020). COVID-19 salgınıyla mücadele: Yoğun bakım hemşireliği meslek etiği perspektifi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi: 24(EK-1), 73-80.
  • Maiden, J., Georges, J. M., Connelly, C. D. (2011). Moral distress, compassion fatigue, and perceptions about medication errors in certified critical care nurses. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 30(6): 339-345.
  • Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
  • Mason, D. J., Friese, C. R. (2020). Protecting health care workers against COVID-19 and being prepared for future pandemics. JAMA Health Forum, 1(3): e200353.
  • Negash, S., Sahin, S. (2011). Compassion fatigue in marriage and family therapy: Implications for therapists and clients. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(1): 1-13.
  • Ng, K., Poon, B. H., Kiat Puar, T. H., Shan Quah, J. L., Loh, W. J., Wong, Y. J., ... & Raghuram, J. (2020). COVID-19 and the risk to health care workers: a case report. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(11): 766-767.
  • Okuyan, C. B., Güneş, E., & Yeşilyurt, E. (2020). COVID-19 Pozitif Hastaya Hemşirelik Bakımı Veren Bir Hemşirenin Deneyimleri: Olgu Sunumu. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4): 705-708.
  • Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Romano, J., Trotta, R., Rich, V. L. (2013). Combating compassion fatigue: An exemplar of an approach to nursing renewal. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 37(4): 333-336.
  • Schwartz, J., King, C. C., Yen, M. Y. (2020). Protecting healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: lessons from Taiwan’s severe acute respiratory syndrome response. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(15): 858-860.
  • Şeremet, G. G., Ekinci, N. (2021). Sağlık çalışanlarında merhamet yorgunluğu, merhamet memnuniyeti ve merhamet korkusu. Visionary E-Journal/Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(29): 330-344.
  • Şirin, M., Yurttaş, A. (2015). Hemşirelik bakımının bedeli: merhamet yorgunluğu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2): 123-130.
  • Stamm, B. H. (2002). Measuring compassion satisfaction as well as fatigue: Developmental history of the compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. Treating Compassion Fatigue, 1: 107-119.
  • Teddlie, C., Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1): 77-100.
  • Turkish Nurses Association (TNA) 2021. Accessed 26.07.2021. Accessed 26.07.2021. http://www.thder.org.tr/uploads/files/kride-yoneticilere-ve-hemsirelere-mesajlar.pdf.
  • Wee, D., Myers, D. (2003). Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and critical incident stress management. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 5(1): 33-37.
  • Yoder, E. A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 23(4): 191-197.
  • Yüncü, V., Yılan, Y. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanlarına etkilerinin incelenmesi: Bir durum analizi. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences, Ek Sayı:, 373-401.
  • Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., ... & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382: 727-733.

Perceptions and Experiences of Critical Care Nurses on Compassion Fatigue in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

Year 2023, Volume: 25 Issue: 1-2, 47 - 60, 22.11.2023

Sevgi Gür Hamdiye Banu Katran Nurgül Arpag Deniz Öztekin

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the qualitative study of the phenomenological type; to determine the perceptions and experiences of critical care nurses regarding compassion fatigue in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: The study was conducted with 9 nurses working in the adult intensive care units of a hospital caring for COVID-19 patients in Istanbul in May 2021. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview form and by conducting focus group interviews with nurses. Content analysis was used to evaluate the data. Three main themes and twelve sub-themes were determined as administrative problems in the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive and negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on critical care nurses.
Results: The difficulties experienced by critical care nurses in teamwork, managerial problems, motivating patients and colleagues, improvement in empathy skills, asocial and isolated life, fears, ethical dilemmas, unknowns, burnout, compassion fatigue that developed against themselves and their feelings about their struggle during the pandemic process and expressed their experiences.
Conclusion: It was seen that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused physical, psychosocial, and politico-economic effects, especially burnout in critical care nurses. It is recommended that these effects be noticed, and necessary improvements should be made in employee personal rights and psychological support should be provided.

Keywords

COVID-19 compassion fatigue critical care nursing

References

  • Abalos, E. E., Rivera, R. Y, Locsin, R. C., Schoenhofer, S. O. (2016). Husserlian phenomenology and Colaizzi’s method of data analysis: Exemplar in qualitative nursing inquiry using nursing as caring theory. International Journal of Human Caring, 20(1): 19-23.
  • Baltacı A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1): 231-274.
  • Baltacı, A. (2019). Nitel araştırma süreci: Nitel bir araştırma nasıl yapılır?. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(2): 368-388. DOI: 10.31592/aeusbed.598299.
  • Catton, H. (2020). Global challenges in health and health care for nurses and midwives everywhere. International Nursing Review, 67(1): 4-6.
  • Coetzee, S. K., Klopper, H. C. (2010). Compassion fatigue within nursing practice: A concept analysis. Nursing & Health Sciences, 12(2): 235-243.
  • Dinç, S., Ekinci, M. (2019). Merhamet Yorgunluğu Kısa Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması, geçerlilik ve güvenirliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 11:192-202.
  • Durmuş, İ. M. (2018). Futile treatment and effects on intensive care nursing. Van Medical Journal, 25(3): 437-440.
  • Fernandez, R., Lord, H., Halcomb, E., Moxham, L., Middleton, R., Alananzeh, I., & Ellwood, L. (2020). Implications for COVID-19: A systematic review of nurses’ experiences of working in acute care hospital settings during a respiratory pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 111: 103637.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002a). Compassion fatigue: Psychotherapists' chronic lack of self-care. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(11): 1433-1441.
  • Figley, C. R. (2002b). Treating compassion fatigue. New York, NY: Brunner-Routledge.
  • Hooper, C., Craig, J., Janvrin, D. R., Wetsel, M. A., Reimels, E. (2010). Compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue among emergency nurses compared with nurses in other selected inpatient specialties. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 36(5): 420-427.
  • Injeyan, M. C., Shuman., C., Shugar, A., Chitayat, D., Atenafu, E. G., Kaiser, A. (2011). Personality traits associated with genetic counselor compassion fatigue: the roles of dispositional optimism and locus of control. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 20(5): 526-540.
  • Jiang, L., Broome, M. E., Ning, C. (2020). The performance and professionalism of nurses in the fight against the new outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic is laudable. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 107, 103578.
  • Joinson, C. (1992). Coping with compassion fatigue. Nursing, 22(4): 116-120.
  • Karasu, F., Çopur E. Ö. (2020). Koronavirus (COVID-19) vakaları artarken salgının ön safındaki bir yoğun bakım hemşiresi: “Cephede Duran Kahramanlar”. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 24(1): 11-14.
  • Kıraner, E., Terzi, B. (2020). Covid-19 pandemi sürecinde yoğun bakım hemşireliği. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi, 24(EK-1): 83-88.
  • Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., ... & Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA network open, 3(3): e203976-e203976.
  • Leblebicioğlu, H., Aktaş, F. N. (2020). COVID-19 salgınıyla mücadele: Yoğun bakım hemşireliği meslek etiği perspektifi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi: 24(EK-1), 73-80.
  • Maiden, J., Georges, J. M., Connelly, C. D. (2011). Moral distress, compassion fatigue, and perceptions about medication errors in certified critical care nurses. Dimensions of Critical Care Nursing, 30(6): 339-345.
  • Marshall, C., Rossman, G. B. (2014). Designing qualitative research. Sage publications.
  • Mason, D. J., Friese, C. R. (2020). Protecting health care workers against COVID-19 and being prepared for future pandemics. JAMA Health Forum, 1(3): e200353.
  • Negash, S., Sahin, S. (2011). Compassion fatigue in marriage and family therapy: Implications for therapists and clients. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 37(1): 1-13.
  • Ng, K., Poon, B. H., Kiat Puar, T. H., Shan Quah, J. L., Loh, W. J., Wong, Y. J., ... & Raghuram, J. (2020). COVID-19 and the risk to health care workers: a case report. Annals of Internal Medicine, 172(11): 766-767.
  • Okuyan, C. B., Güneş, E., & Yeşilyurt, E. (2020). COVID-19 Pozitif Hastaya Hemşirelik Bakımı Veren Bir Hemşirenin Deneyimleri: Olgu Sunumu. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(4): 705-708.
  • Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T. (2004). Nursing research: Principles and methods. 7th ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
  • Romano, J., Trotta, R., Rich, V. L. (2013). Combating compassion fatigue: An exemplar of an approach to nursing renewal. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 37(4): 333-336.
  • Schwartz, J., King, C. C., Yen, M. Y. (2020). Protecting healthcare workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak: lessons from Taiwan’s severe acute respiratory syndrome response. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 71(15): 858-860.
  • Şeremet, G. G., Ekinci, N. (2021). Sağlık çalışanlarında merhamet yorgunluğu, merhamet memnuniyeti ve merhamet korkusu. Visionary E-Journal/Vizyoner Dergisi, 12(29): 330-344.
  • Şirin, M., Yurttaş, A. (2015). Hemşirelik bakımının bedeli: merhamet yorgunluğu. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 8(2): 123-130.
  • Stamm, B. H. (2002). Measuring compassion satisfaction as well as fatigue: Developmental history of the compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. Treating Compassion Fatigue, 1: 107-119.
  • Teddlie, C., Yu, F. (2007). Mixed methods sampling: A typology with examples. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1): 77-100.
  • Turkish Nurses Association (TNA) 2021. Accessed 26.07.2021. Accessed 26.07.2021. http://www.thder.org.tr/uploads/files/kride-yoneticilere-ve-hemsirelere-mesajlar.pdf.
  • Wee, D., Myers, D. (2003). Compassion satisfaction, compassion fatigue, and critical incident stress management. International Journal of Emergency Mental Health, 5(1): 33-37.
  • Yoder, E. A. (2010). Compassion fatigue in nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 23(4): 191-197.
  • Yüncü, V., Yılan, Y. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisinin sağlık çalışanlarına etkilerinin incelenmesi: Bir durum analizi. Igdir University Journal of Social Sciences, Ek Sayı:, 373-401.
  • Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., ... & Tan, W. (2020). A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. New England Journal of Medicine, 382: 727-733.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nursing
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Sevgi Gür 0000-0002-6925-3351

Hamdiye Banu Katran 0000-0001-5095-6316

Nurgül Arpag 0000-0002-7774-3844

Deniz Öztekin

Publication Date November 22, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 25 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA Gür, S., Katran, H. B., Arpag, N., Öztekin, D. (2023). Perceptions and Experiences of Critical Care Nurses on Compassion Fatigue in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi, 25(1-2), 47-60.