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Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Approaches in Earthquake-Related Thoracic Traumas

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 623 - 628, 21.06.2023

Melissa Köprülüoğlu Büşra Turgut Elvan Felekoğlu İlknur Naz Gürşan

Abstract

Thoracic traumas due to earthquakes, one of the most important natural disasters affecting human life, are common. Although thoracic traumas occur in different ways, common rib fractures may be accompanied by conditions such as pulmonary contusion and hemopneumothorax. However, impaired respiratory mechanics and pain can cause serious complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia. Physiotherapists take part in the health team working for earthquake victims in order to prevent and reduce possible disabilities that may occur, and play an important role in acute patient management such as thoracic trauma. Physiotherapy approaches after thoracic trauma include respiratory interventions such as thoracic expansion exercises and airway cleaning techniques, exercises and mobilization practices for the musculoskeletal system, and pain reduction strategies. Physiotherapy approaches after thoracic traumas are associated with clinical outcomes such as reduced mortality and pneumonia rates and shorter hospitalization.

Keywords

Disasters earthquake respiratory physiotherapy thoracic trauma rehabilitation.

References

  • Briggs S. Earthquakes. Surg Clin North Am. 2006;86:537-44.
  • Naghii MR. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005;18:216-21.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Earthquakes caused the deadliest disasters in the past decade. [cited 2023 March 10] Available from: http://www.unisdr.org/news/v. php?id=12470
  • Kunii O, Akagi M, Kita E. The medical and public health response to the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan: A case study in disaster planning. Med. Glob. Surviv. 1995;2:214–26.
  • Bartels SA, VanRooyen MJ. Medical complications associated with earthquakes. Lancet. 2012;379(9817):748-57.
  • Tatemachi K. Acute diseases during and after the Great Han-shin- Awaji earthquake. In Proceedings of the WHO Symposium: Earthquakes and People’s Health-Vulnerability Reduction, Preparedness, and Rehabilitation, Kobe, Japan, 27–30 January 1997;48–52.
  • Naghii MR. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. SciELO Public Health. 2005;18:216–21.
  • Partridge RA, Proano L, Marcozzi D, Garza AG, Nemeth I, Brinsfield K, Weinstein ES. Oxford American Handbook of Disaster Medicine. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2012;1048.
  • Battle CE, Hutchings H and Evans PA. Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2012;43:8–17.
  • Ludwig C and Koryllos A. Management of chest trauma. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9:172–77
  • Wardhan R. Assessment and management of rib fracture pain in geriatric population: an ode to old age. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2013;26:626–31.
  • Fagevik Olsén M, Slobo M, Klarin L, Caragounis EC, Pazooki D, Granhed H. Physical function and pain after surgical or conservative management of multiple rib fractures – a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:128.
  • Awais S, Saeed A, Ch A. Use of external fixators for damage-control orthopaedics in natural disasters like the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Int Orthop. 2014;38(8):1563-68.
  • Zheng X, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Zhao YF. Retrospective cohort analysis of chest injury characteristics and concurrent injuries in patients admitted to hospital in the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes in Sichuan, China. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97354.
  • Ziegler DW, Agarwal NN. The morbidity and mortality of rib fractures. J Trauma. 1994;37:975-6.
  • Lawrason JN, Novelline RA, Rhea JT. Early detection of thoracic spine fracture in multiple trauma patient: role of the initial portable chest radiograph. Emerg Radiol. 1997;4:309-19.
  • Ali HA, Lippmann M, Mundathaje U, Gluham K. Spontaneous hemothorax: A comprehensive review. Chest. 2008;134:1056-65.
  • Özçelik C, Alar T. Künt toraks travmaları. In: Ökten İ, Kavukçu HŞ, Turna A, Eroğlu A, Kayı Cangır A. Göğüs Cerrahisi. 2. Baskı, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2013. p. 837-58.
  • Shah R, Sabanathan S, Mearns AJ, Choudhury AK. Traumatic rupture of diaphragm. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60:144-49.
  • Buchan KG, Hosseinpour AR, Ritchie AJ. Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for traumatic chylothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1366-7.
  • Guitron J, Huffman LC, Howington JA, LoCicero J. Blunt and Penetrating Injuries of the Chest Wall, Pleura, and Lung. In: Shields TW, General Thoracic Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009. p. 891-902.
  • Richards EC, Wallis ND. Asphyxiation: A review. Trauma. 2005;7:37- 45
  • Papiris SA, Roussos C. Pleural disease in the intensive care unit. In: Bouros D, editor. Pleural Disease (Lung Biology in Health and Disease). Florida: Bendy Jean Baptiste; 2004. p. 771-77
  • Sever MS, Erek E, Vanholder R, Akoglu E, Yavuz M, Ergin H, Turkmen F, et al. Clinical findings in the renal victims of a catastrophic disaster: the Marmara earthquake.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:1942–49.
  • Hu Y, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Xie TP, Zhao YF. Trauma evaluation of patients with chest injury in the 2008 earthquake of Wenchuan, Sechuan, China. World J Surg. 2010;34:728–32.
  • Karmacharya RM , Devbhandari M , Tuladhar S , Shrestha B , Acharya P . Chest trauma requiring admission: differences in earthquake victims and other modes of injury. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2018;63(3):237-39.
  • Hunt PA, Greaves I, Owens WA. Emergency thoracotomy in thoracic trauma a review Injury Int J Care Injured. 2006;37:1-19.
  • Karmy-Jones R, Jurkovich GJ. Blunt chest trauma. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41:211–380.
  • Senn-Reeves JN, Staffileno BA. Long-term outcomes after blunt injury to the boney thorax: an integrative literature review. J Trauma Nurs. 2013;20:56–66
  • Denehy L. Surgery for adults. In: Pryor JA, Prasad SA, editors. Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac problems: adults and paediatrics. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. p. 397–436.
  • Landry MD, Sheppard PS, Leung K, Retis C, Salvador EC, Raman SR. The 2015 Nepal earthquake(s): lessons learned from the disability and rehabilitation sector's preparation for, and response to, natural disasters. Phys Ther. 2016;96(11):1714-23.
  • Burns AS, O'Connell C, Landry MD. Spinal cord injury in postearthquake Haiti: lessons learned and future needs. PM&R. 2010;2(8):695-97.
  • Klappa S, Audette J, Do S. The roles, barriers and experiences of rehabilitation therapists in disaster relief: post-earthquake Haiti 2010. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(4):330-38.
  • Battle CE, Hutchings H, James K, Evans PA. The risk factors for the development of complications during the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma: a retrospective study. Injury. 2013;44:1171–76.
  • Todd SR, McNally MM, Holcomb JB, Kozar RA, Kao LS, Gonzalez EA, Cocanour CS, et al. A multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreases rib fracture-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in high-risk trauma patients. Am J Surg. 2006;192:806–11.
  • Curtis K, Asha SE, Unsworth A, Lam M, Goldsmith H, Langcake M, Dwyer D. ChIP: an early activation protocol for isolated blunt chest injury improves outcomes, a retrospective cohort study. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2016;19:127–32.
  • Unsworth A, Curtis K, Asha SE. Treatments for blunt chest trauma and their impact on patient outcomes and health service delivery. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015;23:17.
  • Bouzat P, Raux M, David JS, Tazarourte K, Galinski M, Desmettre T, Garrigue D, et al. Chest trauma: first 48 hours management. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2017;36:135–45.
  • Friesner SA, Curry DM, Moddeman GR. Comparison of two pain-management strategies during chest tube removal: relaxation exercise with opioids and opioids alone. Heart Lung. 2006;35:269–76.
  • Fabricant L, Ham B, Mullins R, Mayberry J. Prolonged pain and disability are common after rib fractures. Am J Surg. 2013;205:511–16.
  • Aswegen H van, Reeve J, Beach L, Parker R, Olsèn MF. Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey. Trauma. 2020;22(2):133-41.
  • Kaye AD, Helander EM, Vadivelu N, Lumermann L, Suchy T, Rose M, Urman RD. Consensus statement for clinical pathway development for perioperative pain management and care transitions. Pain Ther. 2017;6:129–41.
  • Downey ALV and Zun SL. The effects of deep breathing training on pain management in the emergency department. South Med J. 2009;102:688–92.
  • Good M. Effects of relaxation and music on postoperative pain: a review. J Adv Nurs. 1996;24:905–14.
  • Seers K and Carroll D. Relaxation techniques for acute pain management: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 1998;27:466–75.
  • Gosselink R, Bott J, Johnson M, Dean E, Nava S, Norrenberg M, Schönhofer B, et al. Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:1188–99
  • Calthorpe S, Kimmel L, Webb M, Holland A. A benchmarking project of physiotherapy in Australian and New Zealand adult major trauma services. NZJP. 2016;44:148–56.
  • Fisher ME, Aristone MN, Young KK, Waechter LE, Landry MD, Taylor LA, Cooper N. Physiotherapy models of service delivery, staffing, and caseloads: a profile of level I trauma centres across Canada. Physiother Can. 2012;64:377–85.
  • Senekal B, Eales C. The optimal physiotherapeutic approach to penetrating stab wounds of the chest. S Afr J Physiother. 1994;50:29–36.
  • Van Aswegen H. Physiotherapy management of patients with trunk trauma: A state-of-the-art review. S Afr J Physiother. 2020;76(1):1406.
  • Ahmad AM. Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Oct;51(5):293-307.
  • Stiller K. Safety issues that should be considered when mobilizing critically ill patients. Crit Care Clin 2007; 23:35-53.
  • Süss, K. Physiotherapy in Patients with Chest Drains. In: Kiefer T, editor. Chest Drains in Daily Clinical Practice. Springer; 2017. p.181-188.
  • Gordy S, Fabricant L, Ham B, Mullins R, Mayberry J. The contribution of rib fractures to chromocenters and disability. Am J Surg. 2014;207:659– 63.
  • Fagevik Olse´n M, Pazooki DD, Granhed H. Recovery after stabilizing surgery for ‘flail chest’. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2013;39:501–06.

Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 623 - 628, 21.06.2023

Melissa Köprülüoğlu Büşra Turgut Elvan Felekoğlu İlknur Naz Gürşan

Abstract

İnsan yaşamını etkileyen en önemli doğal afetlerden olan depremlere bağlı toraks travmaları yaygın olarak görülmektedir. Toraks travmaları farklı şekillerde ortaya çıkmakla birlikte sıklıkla ortaya çıkan kosta kırıklarına pulmoner kontüzyon, hemopnömotoraks gibi durumlar eşlik edebilir. Bununla birlikte bozulan solunum mekanikleri ve ağrı, atelektazi ve pnömoni gibi ciddi komplikasyonlar doğurabilmektedir. Fizyoterapistler oluşabilecek muhtemel engellerini önlemek ve azaltmak için depremzede bireylere yönelik çalışan sağlık ekibi içerisinde yer almakta, toraks travması gibi akut hasta yönetiminde önemli rol üstlenmektedir. Toraks travması sonrası fizyoterapi yaklaşımları arasında torakal ekspansiyon egzersizleri ve havayolu temizleme teknikleri gibi solunumsal müdahaleler, kas iskelet sistemine yönelik egzersiz ve mobilizasyon uygulamaları ile ağrı azaltma stratejileri yer almaktadır. Toraks travmaları sonrası fizyoterapi yaklaşımları mortalite ve pnömoni oranlarının azaltılması ve daha kısa süreli hastane yatışı gibi klinik sonuçlar ile ilişkilidir.

Keywords

Afetler deprem solunum fizyoterapisi toraks travması rehabilitasyon

References

  • Briggs S. Earthquakes. Surg Clin North Am. 2006;86:537-44.
  • Naghii MR. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2005;18:216-21.
  • United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Earthquakes caused the deadliest disasters in the past decade. [cited 2023 March 10] Available from: http://www.unisdr.org/news/v. php?id=12470
  • Kunii O, Akagi M, Kita E. The medical and public health response to the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake in Japan: A case study in disaster planning. Med. Glob. Surviv. 1995;2:214–26.
  • Bartels SA, VanRooyen MJ. Medical complications associated with earthquakes. Lancet. 2012;379(9817):748-57.
  • Tatemachi K. Acute diseases during and after the Great Han-shin- Awaji earthquake. In Proceedings of the WHO Symposium: Earthquakes and People’s Health-Vulnerability Reduction, Preparedness, and Rehabilitation, Kobe, Japan, 27–30 January 1997;48–52.
  • Naghii MR. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. Public health impact and medical consequences of earthquakes. SciELO Public Health. 2005;18:216–21.
  • Partridge RA, Proano L, Marcozzi D, Garza AG, Nemeth I, Brinsfield K, Weinstein ES. Oxford American Handbook of Disaster Medicine. Oxford University Press: Oxford, UK, 2012;1048.
  • Battle CE, Hutchings H and Evans PA. Risk factors that predict mortality in patients with blunt chest wall trauma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Injury. 2012;43:8–17.
  • Ludwig C and Koryllos A. Management of chest trauma. J Thorac Dis. 2017;9:172–77
  • Wardhan R. Assessment and management of rib fracture pain in geriatric population: an ode to old age. Curr Opin Anesthesiol. 2013;26:626–31.
  • Fagevik Olsén M, Slobo M, Klarin L, Caragounis EC, Pazooki D, Granhed H. Physical function and pain after surgical or conservative management of multiple rib fractures – a follow-up study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2016;24:128.
  • Awais S, Saeed A, Ch A. Use of external fixators for damage-control orthopaedics in natural disasters like the 2005 Pakistan earthquake. Int Orthop. 2014;38(8):1563-68.
  • Zheng X, Hu Y, Yuan Y, Zhao YF. Retrospective cohort analysis of chest injury characteristics and concurrent injuries in patients admitted to hospital in the Wenchuan and Lushan earthquakes in Sichuan, China. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97354.
  • Ziegler DW, Agarwal NN. The morbidity and mortality of rib fractures. J Trauma. 1994;37:975-6.
  • Lawrason JN, Novelline RA, Rhea JT. Early detection of thoracic spine fracture in multiple trauma patient: role of the initial portable chest radiograph. Emerg Radiol. 1997;4:309-19.
  • Ali HA, Lippmann M, Mundathaje U, Gluham K. Spontaneous hemothorax: A comprehensive review. Chest. 2008;134:1056-65.
  • Özçelik C, Alar T. Künt toraks travmaları. In: Ökten İ, Kavukçu HŞ, Turna A, Eroğlu A, Kayı Cangır A. Göğüs Cerrahisi. 2. Baskı, İstanbul Tıp Kitabevi; 2013. p. 837-58.
  • Shah R, Sabanathan S, Mearns AJ, Choudhury AK. Traumatic rupture of diaphragm. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60:144-49.
  • Buchan KG, Hosseinpour AR, Ritchie AJ. Thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation for traumatic chylothorax. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:1366-7.
  • Guitron J, Huffman LC, Howington JA, LoCicero J. Blunt and Penetrating Injuries of the Chest Wall, Pleura, and Lung. In: Shields TW, General Thoracic Surgery. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009. p. 891-902.
  • Richards EC, Wallis ND. Asphyxiation: A review. Trauma. 2005;7:37- 45
  • Papiris SA, Roussos C. Pleural disease in the intensive care unit. In: Bouros D, editor. Pleural Disease (Lung Biology in Health and Disease). Florida: Bendy Jean Baptiste; 2004. p. 771-77
  • Sever MS, Erek E, Vanholder R, Akoglu E, Yavuz M, Ergin H, Turkmen F, et al. Clinical findings in the renal victims of a catastrophic disaster: the Marmara earthquake.Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17:1942–49.
  • Hu Y, Tang Y, Yuan Y, Xie TP, Zhao YF. Trauma evaluation of patients with chest injury in the 2008 earthquake of Wenchuan, Sechuan, China. World J Surg. 2010;34:728–32.
  • Karmacharya RM , Devbhandari M , Tuladhar S , Shrestha B , Acharya P . Chest trauma requiring admission: differences in earthquake victims and other modes of injury. Kathmandu Univ Med J. 2018;63(3):237-39.
  • Hunt PA, Greaves I, Owens WA. Emergency thoracotomy in thoracic trauma a review Injury Int J Care Injured. 2006;37:1-19.
  • Karmy-Jones R, Jurkovich GJ. Blunt chest trauma. Curr Probl Surg. 2004;41:211–380.
  • Senn-Reeves JN, Staffileno BA. Long-term outcomes after blunt injury to the boney thorax: an integrative literature review. J Trauma Nurs. 2013;20:56–66
  • Denehy L. Surgery for adults. In: Pryor JA, Prasad SA, editors. Physiotherapy for respiratory and cardiac problems: adults and paediatrics. 4th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. p. 397–436.
  • Landry MD, Sheppard PS, Leung K, Retis C, Salvador EC, Raman SR. The 2015 Nepal earthquake(s): lessons learned from the disability and rehabilitation sector's preparation for, and response to, natural disasters. Phys Ther. 2016;96(11):1714-23.
  • Burns AS, O'Connell C, Landry MD. Spinal cord injury in postearthquake Haiti: lessons learned and future needs. PM&R. 2010;2(8):695-97.
  • Klappa S, Audette J, Do S. The roles, barriers and experiences of rehabilitation therapists in disaster relief: post-earthquake Haiti 2010. Disabil Rehabil. 2014;36(4):330-38.
  • Battle CE, Hutchings H, James K, Evans PA. The risk factors for the development of complications during the recovery phase following blunt chest wall trauma: a retrospective study. Injury. 2013;44:1171–76.
  • Todd SR, McNally MM, Holcomb JB, Kozar RA, Kao LS, Gonzalez EA, Cocanour CS, et al. A multidisciplinary clinical pathway decreases rib fracture-associated infectious morbidity and mortality in high-risk trauma patients. Am J Surg. 2006;192:806–11.
  • Curtis K, Asha SE, Unsworth A, Lam M, Goldsmith H, Langcake M, Dwyer D. ChIP: an early activation protocol for isolated blunt chest injury improves outcomes, a retrospective cohort study. Australas Emerg Nurs J. 2016;19:127–32.
  • Unsworth A, Curtis K, Asha SE. Treatments for blunt chest trauma and their impact on patient outcomes and health service delivery. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2015;23:17.
  • Bouzat P, Raux M, David JS, Tazarourte K, Galinski M, Desmettre T, Garrigue D, et al. Chest trauma: first 48 hours management. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2017;36:135–45.
  • Friesner SA, Curry DM, Moddeman GR. Comparison of two pain-management strategies during chest tube removal: relaxation exercise with opioids and opioids alone. Heart Lung. 2006;35:269–76.
  • Fabricant L, Ham B, Mullins R, Mayberry J. Prolonged pain and disability are common after rib fractures. Am J Surg. 2013;205:511–16.
  • Aswegen H van, Reeve J, Beach L, Parker R, Olsèn MF. Physiotherapy management of patients with major chest trauma: Results from a global survey. Trauma. 2020;22(2):133-41.
  • Kaye AD, Helander EM, Vadivelu N, Lumermann L, Suchy T, Rose M, Urman RD. Consensus statement for clinical pathway development for perioperative pain management and care transitions. Pain Ther. 2017;6:129–41.
  • Downey ALV and Zun SL. The effects of deep breathing training on pain management in the emergency department. South Med J. 2009;102:688–92.
  • Good M. Effects of relaxation and music on postoperative pain: a review. J Adv Nurs. 1996;24:905–14.
  • Seers K and Carroll D. Relaxation techniques for acute pain management: a systematic review. J Adv Nurs. 1998;27:466–75.
  • Gosselink R, Bott J, Johnson M, Dean E, Nava S, Norrenberg M, Schönhofer B, et al. Physiotherapy for adult patients with critical illness: recommendations of the European Respiratory Society and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine Task Force on Physiotherapy for Critically Ill Patients. Intensive Care Med. 2008;34:1188–99
  • Calthorpe S, Kimmel L, Webb M, Holland A. A benchmarking project of physiotherapy in Australian and New Zealand adult major trauma services. NZJP. 2016;44:148–56.
  • Fisher ME, Aristone MN, Young KK, Waechter LE, Landry MD, Taylor LA, Cooper N. Physiotherapy models of service delivery, staffing, and caseloads: a profile of level I trauma centres across Canada. Physiother Can. 2012;64:377–85.
  • Senekal B, Eales C. The optimal physiotherapeutic approach to penetrating stab wounds of the chest. S Afr J Physiother. 1994;50:29–36.
  • Van Aswegen H. Physiotherapy management of patients with trunk trauma: A state-of-the-art review. S Afr J Physiother. 2020;76(1):1406.
  • Ahmad AM. Essentials of Physiotherapy after Thoracic Surgery: What Physiotherapists Need to Know. A Narrative Review. Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2018 Oct;51(5):293-307.
  • Stiller K. Safety issues that should be considered when mobilizing critically ill patients. Crit Care Clin 2007; 23:35-53.
  • Süss, K. Physiotherapy in Patients with Chest Drains. In: Kiefer T, editor. Chest Drains in Daily Clinical Practice. Springer; 2017. p.181-188.
  • Gordy S, Fabricant L, Ham B, Mullins R, Mayberry J. The contribution of rib fractures to chromocenters and disability. Am J Surg. 2014;207:659– 63.
  • Fagevik Olse´n M, Pazooki DD, Granhed H. Recovery after stabilizing surgery for ‘flail chest’. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2013;39:501–06.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Melissa Köprülüoğlu 0000-0002-3607-4680

Büşra Turgut 0000-0003-3179-8038

Elvan Felekoğlu 0000-0001-6633-1572

İlknur Naz Gürşan 0000-0003-1160-6561

Early Pub Date July 13, 2023
Publication Date June 21, 2023
Submission Date March 15, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Köprülüoğlu, M., Turgut, B., Felekoğlu, E., Naz Gürşan, İ. (2023). Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 623-628.
AMA Köprülüoğlu M, Turgut B, Felekoğlu E, Naz Gürşan İ. Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. June 2023;8(2):623-628.
Chicago Köprülüoğlu, Melissa, Büşra Turgut, Elvan Felekoğlu, and İlknur Naz Gürşan. “Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 2 (June 2023): 623-28.
EndNote Köprülüoğlu M, Turgut B, Felekoğlu E, Naz Gürşan İ (June 1, 2023) Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8 2 623–628.
IEEE M. Köprülüoğlu, B. Turgut, E. Felekoğlu, and İ. Naz Gürşan, “Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 623–628, 2023.
ISNAD Köprülüoğlu, Melissa et al. “Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (June 2023), 623-628.
JAMA Köprülüoğlu M, Turgut B, Felekoğlu E, Naz Gürşan İ. Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8:623–628.
MLA Köprülüoğlu, Melissa et al. “Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi Ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 623-8.
Vancouver Köprülüoğlu M, Turgut B, Felekoğlu E, Naz Gürşan İ. Depreme Bağlı Toraks Travmalarında Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Yaklaşımları. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8(2):623-8.
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