Research Article
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Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 335 - 344, 29.06.2023

Yusuf Karagözoğlu Naci Ömer Alayunt Akif Evren Parlak

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11

Abstract

References

  • Abacı, Z.T., Sevindik, E., Selvi, S. (2014). Determining Total Phenolics, Anthocyanin Content and Ascorbic Acid Content in Some Plum (Prunus x domestica L.) Genotypes Grown in Ardahan. J. Tekirdag Agr. Fac 11(3):27–32.
  • Akış, T. (2010). Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Some Plants Consumed as Tea in The Market and Examination of Their Phenolic Structures. Master Thesis, EÜ Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Izmir, pp. 227
  • Aksu, Y. (2010). Investigation of Total Phenol / Flavonoid Amounts and Antioxidant Activity Changes in Metal Content in Linden (Tilia Cordata) and Mint (Mentha Piperita). Master Thesis, Firat University, Elazig, pp. 8-45
  • Abacı, Z.T., E. Sevindik, and S. Selvi. (2014). Determining Total Phenolics, Anthocyanin Content and Ascorbic Acid Content in Some Plum (Prunus x domestica L.) Genotypes Grown in Ardahan. J. Tekirdag Agr. Fac 11(3):27–32.Arab AAK, Kawther MS, El Tantawy ME, Badeaa RI and Khayria N (1999). Quantity Estimation of Some Contaminants in Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in the Market. Food Chemistry, 67: 357-363
  • Arıduru, R., Arabacı, G. (2013). Determination of antioxidant activity of liverwort (Salvia officinalis L.). SAÜ Fen Bil Der, 17(2): 241-246
  • Aslan, R. (2018). Winter Tea And Physıologıcal Effects. Ayrinti of journal, 59: 5-11
  • Atoui, A.K., Mansouri, A., Boskou, G., Kefalas, P. (2005). Tea and herbal infusions: Their antioksidant activity and phenolic profile. Food Chemistry, 89: 27-36
  • Aydıner, M. (2006). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Elite Culture Publications. 1st Edition, İstanbul, pp. 360
  • Balch, J.F., Balch, P.A. (1997). Pre scription for Nutritional Healing. 2nd edition, Avery Publication, USA, pp. 5-9
  • Başgel, S., Erdemoğlu, S.B. (2006). Determination of Mineral and Trace Elements in Some Medicinal Herbs and Their İnfusions Consumed in Turkey. Science of the Total Environment, 359: 82-89
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Treatment with plants in Turkey. Nobel Medical Bookstores, Istanbul, 2nd Edition, pp. 480
  • Butler, L.G., Price, M.L., Brotherton, J.E. (1982). Vanillin assay for proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins): Modification of the solvent for estimation of the degree of polymerization. J Agric Food Chem, 30: 1087-1089
  • Craig, W. J. (1997). Phytochemicals: Guardians of our health. J Am Diet Assoc, 10(2):199-204
  • Çolak, Esetlili, B., Pekcan, T., Çobanoğlu, Ö., Aydoğdu, E., Turan, S. Anac, D. (2014). Essential Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metals Concentrations of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (3): 239-247.
  • Davis, P.H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol 1-9.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. ,Tan, K. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol 10.
  • Dinçer, C., Tontul, İ., Çam, .İB., Özdemir, K.S., Topuz, A., Nadeem, H.Ş., Tuğrul, Ay, S., Göktürk, R.S. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia tomentosa Miller: effects of cultivation, harvesting year, and storage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37:561-567
  • Dündar, Y. (2001). Phytochemicals and Healthy Life. Kocatepe Medical Journal, 2: 131-138
  • Dündar, Y., Aslan, R (2000). Antioxidative Stress. Eastern Journal of Medicine, 5(2): 45-47
  • Evcimen, M., Aslan, R (2015). Physiological Effects of Some Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Commonly Used Medicinal Aromatic Plants (Turkish with English Abstract). Kocatepe Vet J, 8(2): 59-72
  • FAO/WHO (1984). Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, vol. XVII, Edition 1. FAO/WHO, CodexAlimentarius Commision, Rome.
  • Hertog, M.G.L., Hollman, P.C.H., Van de, Putte, B. (1993). Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines and fruit juices. J Agr Food Chem, 41: 12421246
  • Heyes, R.B. (1997). The Carcinogenicity of Metals in Humans. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 371-385
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Hertog, M.G.L., Katan, M.B. (1996). Analysis and health effects of flavonoids. Food Chem, 57(l): 43-46.
  • İncedayı, B. (2017). Investigation of Some Properties of Carbonated Linden Tea Drink. The J Food, 42: 355-363
  • Jabeen, S., Tahir, Shah, M., Khan, S., Qasim, Hayat, M. (2010). Determination of major and trace elements in ten important folk therapeutic plants of Haripur Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(7): 559-566
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., Timur, S. (2006). Environmental Effects of Metals –I. www.metalurji.org.tr/dergi/dergi136/d136_4753.pdf (Date of access: 31.10.2014).
  • Koç, H. (2002). Living Healthy Plants. TC Ministry of Culture Publications, 1st Edition, Ankara, pp. 431
  • Kulhari, A., Sheorayan, A., Bajar, S., Sarkar, S., Chaudhury, A., Kalia, R.K. (2013). Investigation of Heavy Metals Infrequently Utilized Medicinal Plants Collected From Environmentally Diverse Locations of North Western India. Springer Plus, 2(1): 676
  • Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar, S.D., Özyurt, M.S. (2012). Investigation of Heavy Metal Content of Some Medicinal Plants Sold in Kütahya Herbal Products. Dumlupınar University, Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, pp. 29
  • Maobe, M.A., Gatebe, E., Gitu, L., Rotich, H. (2012). Profile Of Heavy Metals in Selected Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes, Malaria and Pneumonia in Kisii Region, Southwest Kenya. Glob J Pharmacol, 3: 245–251
  • Martin-Domingo, M.C., Pla, A., Hernández, A.F., Olmedo, P., Navas-Acien, A., Lozano-Paniagua, D., Gil, F. (2017). Determination of Metalloid, Metallic and Mineral Elements in Herbal Teas. Risk Assessment for the Consumers. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 60: 81–89
  • Miliauskas, G., Venskutonisa, P.R., Van Beek, T.A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem, 85: 231-237
  • Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, A.M., Pehluvan, M. (2009). Effects of Heavy Metals on Plants. Alınteri, 17 (B): 14-26
  • Öktüren, Asri , F., Sönmez, S. (2006). Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Metabolism. Derim, 23(2): 36-45
  • Özer, Z., Tursun, N., Önen, H. (2001). Healthy Living with Weeds (Food and Treatment). 4 Color Publishing, 2nd Edition, Ankara, pp. 293
  • Pietta, P., Gardana, C. (2003). Flavonoids in herbs, Flavonoids in Health and Disease. 2nd Ed Revised and Exponded, 43: 49-69
  • Pip, E. (1991). Cadmium, Copper and Lead in Soils and Garden Produce Near a Metal Smelter at Fin Flon, Manitoba. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 46:790–796
  • Polat, M., Ogut, S., (2018). Heavy Metals in Some Medicinal Plants Sold in Herbal Shops. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(4): 1999-2002
  • Rajan, J.P., Singh, K.B., Kumar, S., Mishra, R.K. (2014).Trace Elements Content in the Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Curing Skin Diseases by the Natives of Mizoram, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7: 410-414
  • Sembratowicz, I., Rusinek-Prystupa, E. (2014). Effects of Brewing Time on the Content of Minerals in Infusions of Medicinal Herbs. Pol J Environ Stud, 23(1): 177-186.
  • Singh, K.P., Bhattacharya, S., Sharma, P. (2014). Assessment of heavy metal contents of some Indian medicinal plants. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 14: 1125-1129
  • Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in enzymology, 299: 152-178
  • Sinir, G.O., Suna, S., Tamer, C.E., Incedayı, B., Çopur, Ö.U. (2016). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and physicochemical properties of carbonated Erica arborea herbal tea beverage. II International Conference on Food Chemistry and Technology, November 14–16, Las Vegas, NV, USA p.40
  • Stavric, B. (1994). Antimutagens and carcinogens in foods. Food Chem. Toxicol, 32(1):79-90
  • Stanojkovic-sebic, A., Pivic, R., Josic, D., Dinic, Z., Stanojkovic, A. (2015). Heavy Metals Content in Selected Medicinal Plants Commonly Used as Components for Herbal Formulations. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21 (3): 317-325.
  • Şeker, M. (2011). Healing in plants, Ekin Publishing, 1st Edition, Bursa, pp. 440
  • Vinson J, Zubik L, Bose P, Sammon N and Proch J (2005). Dried fruits: excellent in vitro and in vivo antioxidants. Journal of the American College of nutrition, 24(1): 44-50
  • World Health Organization (WHO), 2007. WHO Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Herbal Medicines with Reference to Contaminants and Residues. (Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization
  • Wrostad, R.E. (1976). Color and pigment analysis in fruit product. Bulletin 624, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR
  • Ziakova, A., Brandsteterova, E. (2003). Validation of HPLC determination of phenolic acids present in some Lamiaceae family plants. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 26(3): 443-453

Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 335 - 344, 29.06.2023

Yusuf Karagözoğlu Naci Ömer Alayunt Akif Evren Parlak

https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11

Abstract

In this study, sage (Salvia officinalis L.), linden (Tilia platyphyllos Scop.), and daisy (Matricaria chamomilla L.) herbs, which have rich phytochemical content and are frequently consumed in winter months for medicinal purposes, were obtained from three different herbalists located in Bingol and investigated in terms of their heavy metal contents, total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents. Some of the heavy metal (Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Hg, Pb) contents of the collected herb samples were determined by ICP-MS. Total flavonoid, total anthocyanin and total polyphenol contents were determined by analyzing spectrophotometric methods. While the total phenolic content was found the most in sage (S1) ethylacetate and methanol extracts (760.1±2.0, 410.33±1.5 mg GAE/g), it was found the least in linden (L1, L3) hexane extracts (6.66±.1.3, 8.35±0.8 mg GAE/g). It was determined that total flavonoid content and total anthocyanin contents were higher in sage (S1) ethylacetate (294.31±2.1 mg CE/g and 291.31±2.1 mg MvGE/g), sage (S2) methanol (375.0±1.9 mg CE/g and 139.01*±2.0 mg MvGE/g) extracts, and less in linden (L1) and daisy (D1) hexane extracts respectively. It was determined that Cr and Cu metals were among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health in all samples except the chamomile (D1, D3) samples, and Zn metals were among the values suitable for consumption in all samples except the linden (L2) sample. Furthermore, the toxic metal Cd (0.05±0.00- 0.09±0.00 μg/g) in daisy (D1, D3) samples, as well as the other toxic metal Pb (4.50±0.01-6.43±0.01 μg/g) in sage (S1,S2,S3) and linden (L1,L2,L3) samples, were found to be among the values suitable for consumption in terms of health. As a result, when the total anthocyanin, polyphenol and flavonoid contents were compared in all groups it was found that sage had the highest value in ethyl acetate extract. Additionally, Cu and Ni values of sage, and Fe and Pb values in both sage and linden were within safe limits in terms of health. They are of utmost importance in terms of supporting the daily mineral intake. However, As, Pb, and Hg were found to be toxic in daisy extract. This result can be shown as a result that the daisy will be a bioaccumulator. Therefore, consumption of daisy tea should be limited.

Keywords

Daisy Heavy metal Herbal Tea Linden Total anthocyanin Total flavonoid Total polyphenol Sage

References

  • Abacı, Z.T., Sevindik, E., Selvi, S. (2014). Determining Total Phenolics, Anthocyanin Content and Ascorbic Acid Content in Some Plum (Prunus x domestica L.) Genotypes Grown in Ardahan. J. Tekirdag Agr. Fac 11(3):27–32.
  • Akış, T. (2010). Determination of Antioxidant Activities of Some Plants Consumed as Tea in The Market and Examination of Their Phenolic Structures. Master Thesis, EÜ Institute of Science and Technology, Department of Food Engineering, Izmir, pp. 227
  • Aksu, Y. (2010). Investigation of Total Phenol / Flavonoid Amounts and Antioxidant Activity Changes in Metal Content in Linden (Tilia Cordata) and Mint (Mentha Piperita). Master Thesis, Firat University, Elazig, pp. 8-45
  • Abacı, Z.T., E. Sevindik, and S. Selvi. (2014). Determining Total Phenolics, Anthocyanin Content and Ascorbic Acid Content in Some Plum (Prunus x domestica L.) Genotypes Grown in Ardahan. J. Tekirdag Agr. Fac 11(3):27–32.Arab AAK, Kawther MS, El Tantawy ME, Badeaa RI and Khayria N (1999). Quantity Estimation of Some Contaminants in Commonly Used Medicinal Plants in the Market. Food Chemistry, 67: 357-363
  • Arıduru, R., Arabacı, G. (2013). Determination of antioxidant activity of liverwort (Salvia officinalis L.). SAÜ Fen Bil Der, 17(2): 241-246
  • Aslan, R. (2018). Winter Tea And Physıologıcal Effects. Ayrinti of journal, 59: 5-11
  • Atoui, A.K., Mansouri, A., Boskou, G., Kefalas, P. (2005). Tea and herbal infusions: Their antioksidant activity and phenolic profile. Food Chemistry, 89: 27-36
  • Aydıner, M. (2006). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Elite Culture Publications. 1st Edition, İstanbul, pp. 360
  • Balch, J.F., Balch, P.A. (1997). Pre scription for Nutritional Healing. 2nd edition, Avery Publication, USA, pp. 5-9
  • Başgel, S., Erdemoğlu, S.B. (2006). Determination of Mineral and Trace Elements in Some Medicinal Herbs and Their İnfusions Consumed in Turkey. Science of the Total Environment, 359: 82-89
  • Baytop, T. (1999). Treatment with plants in Turkey. Nobel Medical Bookstores, Istanbul, 2nd Edition, pp. 480
  • Butler, L.G., Price, M.L., Brotherton, J.E. (1982). Vanillin assay for proanthocyanidins (condensed tannins): Modification of the solvent for estimation of the degree of polymerization. J Agric Food Chem, 30: 1087-1089
  • Craig, W. J. (1997). Phytochemicals: Guardians of our health. J Am Diet Assoc, 10(2):199-204
  • Çolak, Esetlili, B., Pekcan, T., Çobanoğlu, Ö., Aydoğdu, E., Turan, S. Anac, D. (2014). Essential Plant Nutrients and Heavy Metals Concentrations of Some Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 20 (3): 239-247.
  • Davis, P.H. (1965-1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol 1-9.
  • Davis, P.H., Mill, R.R. ,Tan, K. 1988. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, Vol 10.
  • Dinçer, C., Tontul, İ., Çam, .İB., Özdemir, K.S., Topuz, A., Nadeem, H.Ş., Tuğrul, Ay, S., Göktürk, R.S. (2013). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Salvia tomentosa Miller: effects of cultivation, harvesting year, and storage. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 37:561-567
  • Dündar, Y. (2001). Phytochemicals and Healthy Life. Kocatepe Medical Journal, 2: 131-138
  • Dündar, Y., Aslan, R (2000). Antioxidative Stress. Eastern Journal of Medicine, 5(2): 45-47
  • Evcimen, M., Aslan, R (2015). Physiological Effects of Some Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Commonly Used Medicinal Aromatic Plants (Turkish with English Abstract). Kocatepe Vet J, 8(2): 59-72
  • FAO/WHO (1984). Contaminants. In Codex Alimentarius, vol. XVII, Edition 1. FAO/WHO, CodexAlimentarius Commision, Rome.
  • Hertog, M.G.L., Hollman, P.C.H., Van de, Putte, B. (1993). Content of potentially anticarcinogenic flavonoids of tea infusions, wines and fruit juices. J Agr Food Chem, 41: 12421246
  • Heyes, R.B. (1997). The Carcinogenicity of Metals in Humans. Cancer Causes Control, 8: 371-385
  • Hollman, P.C.H., Hertog, M.G.L., Katan, M.B. (1996). Analysis and health effects of flavonoids. Food Chem, 57(l): 43-46.
  • İncedayı, B. (2017). Investigation of Some Properties of Carbonated Linden Tea Drink. The J Food, 42: 355-363
  • Jabeen, S., Tahir, Shah, M., Khan, S., Qasim, Hayat, M. (2010). Determination of major and trace elements in ten important folk therapeutic plants of Haripur Basin, Pakistan. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(7): 559-566
  • Kahvecioğlu, Ö., Kartal, G., Güven, A., Timur, S. (2006). Environmental Effects of Metals –I. www.metalurji.org.tr/dergi/dergi136/d136_4753.pdf (Date of access: 31.10.2014).
  • Koç, H. (2002). Living Healthy Plants. TC Ministry of Culture Publications, 1st Edition, Ankara, pp. 431
  • Kulhari, A., Sheorayan, A., Bajar, S., Sarkar, S., Chaudhury, A., Kalia, R.K. (2013). Investigation of Heavy Metals Infrequently Utilized Medicinal Plants Collected From Environmentally Diverse Locations of North Western India. Springer Plus, 2(1): 676
  • Leblebici, S., Bahtiyar, S.D., Özyurt, M.S. (2012). Investigation of Heavy Metal Content of Some Medicinal Plants Sold in Kütahya Herbal Products. Dumlupınar University, Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, pp. 29
  • Maobe, M.A., Gatebe, E., Gitu, L., Rotich, H. (2012). Profile Of Heavy Metals in Selected Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Diabetes, Malaria and Pneumonia in Kisii Region, Southwest Kenya. Glob J Pharmacol, 3: 245–251
  • Martin-Domingo, M.C., Pla, A., Hernández, A.F., Olmedo, P., Navas-Acien, A., Lozano-Paniagua, D., Gil, F. (2017). Determination of Metalloid, Metallic and Mineral Elements in Herbal Teas. Risk Assessment for the Consumers. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 60: 81–89
  • Miliauskas, G., Venskutonisa, P.R., Van Beek, T.A. (2004). Screening of radical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant extracts. Food Chem, 85: 231-237
  • Okcu, M., Tozlu, E., Kumlay, A.M., Pehluvan, M. (2009). Effects of Heavy Metals on Plants. Alınteri, 17 (B): 14-26
  • Öktüren, Asri , F., Sönmez, S. (2006). Effects of Heavy Metal Toxicity on Plant Metabolism. Derim, 23(2): 36-45
  • Özer, Z., Tursun, N., Önen, H. (2001). Healthy Living with Weeds (Food and Treatment). 4 Color Publishing, 2nd Edition, Ankara, pp. 293
  • Pietta, P., Gardana, C. (2003). Flavonoids in herbs, Flavonoids in Health and Disease. 2nd Ed Revised and Exponded, 43: 49-69
  • Pip, E. (1991). Cadmium, Copper and Lead in Soils and Garden Produce Near a Metal Smelter at Fin Flon, Manitoba. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 46:790–796
  • Polat, M., Ogut, S., (2018). Heavy Metals in Some Medicinal Plants Sold in Herbal Shops. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(4): 1999-2002
  • Rajan, J.P., Singh, K.B., Kumar, S., Mishra, R.K. (2014).Trace Elements Content in the Selected Medicinal Plants Used for Curing Skin Diseases by the Natives of Mizoram, India. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7: 410-414
  • Sembratowicz, I., Rusinek-Prystupa, E. (2014). Effects of Brewing Time on the Content of Minerals in Infusions of Medicinal Herbs. Pol J Environ Stud, 23(1): 177-186.
  • Singh, K.P., Bhattacharya, S., Sharma, P. (2014). Assessment of heavy metal contents of some Indian medicinal plants. American-Eurasian J Agric Environ Sci, 14: 1125-1129
  • Singleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M. (1999). Analysis of total phenols and other oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of Folin-ciocalteu reagent. Methods in enzymology, 299: 152-178
  • Sinir, G.O., Suna, S., Tamer, C.E., Incedayı, B., Çopur, Ö.U. (2016). Antioxidant activity, total phenolic content and physicochemical properties of carbonated Erica arborea herbal tea beverage. II International Conference on Food Chemistry and Technology, November 14–16, Las Vegas, NV, USA p.40
  • Stavric, B. (1994). Antimutagens and carcinogens in foods. Food Chem. Toxicol, 32(1):79-90
  • Stanojkovic-sebic, A., Pivic, R., Josic, D., Dinic, Z., Stanojkovic, A. (2015). Heavy Metals Content in Selected Medicinal Plants Commonly Used as Components for Herbal Formulations. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 21 (3): 317-325.
  • Şeker, M. (2011). Healing in plants, Ekin Publishing, 1st Edition, Bursa, pp. 440
  • Vinson J, Zubik L, Bose P, Sammon N and Proch J (2005). Dried fruits: excellent in vitro and in vivo antioxidants. Journal of the American College of nutrition, 24(1): 44-50
  • World Health Organization (WHO), 2007. WHO Guidelines for Assessing Quality of Herbal Medicines with Reference to Contaminants and Residues. (Geneva, Switzerland; World Health Organization
  • Wrostad, R.E. (1976). Color and pigment analysis in fruit product. Bulletin 624, Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station, Corvallis, OR
  • Ziakova, A., Brandsteterova, E. (2003). Validation of HPLC determination of phenolic acids present in some Lamiaceae family plants. Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, 26(3): 443-453
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Food Engineering, Food Biotechnology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Yusuf Karagözoğlu 0000-0003-4201-0904

Naci Ömer Alayunt 0000-0003-2215-0934

Akif Evren Parlak 0000-0002-2579-9985

Publication Date June 29, 2023
Submission Date March 28, 2023
Acceptance Date May 6, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Karagözoğlu, Y., Alayunt, N. Ö., & Parlak, A. E. (2023). Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, 7(2), 335-344. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11
AMA Karagözoğlu Y, Alayunt NÖ, Parlak AE. Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. June 2023;7(2):335-344. doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11
Chicago Karagözoğlu, Yusuf, Naci Ömer Alayunt, and Akif Evren Parlak. “Total Secondary Metabolites and Heavy Metal Profile of Some Medicinal Plants Frequently Consumed As Winter Tea”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7, no. 2 (June 2023): 335-44. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11.
EndNote Karagözoğlu Y, Alayunt NÖ, Parlak AE (June 1, 2023) Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7 2 335–344.
IEEE Y. Karagözoğlu, N. Ö. Alayunt, and A. E. Parlak, “Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea”, int. j. agric. environ. food sci., vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 335–344, 2023, doi: 10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11.
ISNAD Karagözoğlu, Yusuf et al. “Total Secondary Metabolites and Heavy Metal Profile of Some Medicinal Plants Frequently Consumed As Winter Tea”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences 7/2 (June 2023), 335-344. https://doi.org/10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11.
JAMA Karagözoğlu Y, Alayunt NÖ, Parlak AE. Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7:335–344.
MLA Karagözoğlu, Yusuf et al. “Total Secondary Metabolites and Heavy Metal Profile of Some Medicinal Plants Frequently Consumed As Winter Tea”. International Journal of Agriculture Environment and Food Sciences, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, pp. 335-44, doi:10.31015/jaefs.2023.2.11.
Vancouver Karagözoğlu Y, Alayunt NÖ, Parlak AE. Total secondary metabolites and heavy metal profile of some medicinal plants frequently consumed as winter tea. int. j. agric. environ. food sci. 2023;7(2):335-44.
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