Research Article
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The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 14 - 19, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.868951

Abstract

Background/Aim: The prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly associated with its stage; therefore, it is important to determine the risk factors. Risk determination tools such as CRC-PRO are patient-friendly since they are non-invasive, and highly successful in predicting the cancer risk. This study aimed to determine the risks of getting CRC in individuals aged 50-70 years and the early diagnosis behaviors of individuals, who were deemed at high risk based on a Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT).
Methods: This single-group quasi-experimental follow-up study was conducted in a family health center in Turkey between December 2016-December 2017. The data were collected using the “CRC Predicted Risk Online (CRC-PRO)” and “stages of change form.” The patients were educated at the risk determination stage. Along with telephone counseling conducted with individuals in the first and sixth months, the changes in FOBT were noted.
Results: The CRC-PRO mean risk scores of the males and females were 1.37 (0.74), and 0.79 (0.40), respectively. Among them, 33.5% of males and 25.8% of females had a risk of CRC. After they were educated for FOBT, their behaviors positively and significantly changed from the risk determination stage until the 6th-month follow-up.
Conclusion: With the use of risk determination tools, individuals' lifestyle characteristics can be determined, and health education can be provided to change them.

References

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  • 8. Yeoh EE, Botten RJ, Butters J, Di Matteo AC, Holloway RH, Fowler J. Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma: final results of phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81(5):1271-8.
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  • 11. Muliira JK, D’Souza MS, Ahmed SM, Al-Dhahli SN, Al-Jahwari FRM. Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in primary care settings: attitudes and knowledge of nurses and physicians. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol Nurs. 2016;3(1):98. doi: 10.4103/2347-5625.177391.
  • 12. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Transtheoretical therapy: toward a more ıntegrative model of change. Psychotherapy. 1982;19(3):276-88.
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  • 14. Duncan A, Turnbull D, Gregory T, Cole S, Young G, Flight I, et al. Using the transtheoretical model of behaviour change to describe readiness to rescreen for colorectal cancer with faecal occult blood testing. Health Promot J Austr. 2012;23(2):122-128. doi: 10.1071/HE12122.
  • 15. Kwak MS, Choi KS, Spring BJ, Park S, Park EC. Predicting the stages of adoption of cervical cancer screening among Korean women. Prev Med. 2009;49(1):48-53. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.05.007.
  • 16. Temel AB, Dağhan Ş, Kaymakçı Ş, Dönmez RÖ, Arabacı Z. Effect of structured training programme on the knowledge and behaviors of breast and cervical cancer screening among the female teachers in Turkey. BMC Women's Health. 2017;17(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0478-8.
  • 17. Trauth JM, Ling BS, Weissfeld JL, Schoen RE, Hayran M. Using the transtheoretical model to stage screening behavior for colorectal cancer. Health Educ Behav. 2003;30(3):322-36. doi: 10.1177/1090198103030003007.
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  • 21. Colorectal Cancer 10 year Predicted Risk Online (CRC-PRO). http://riskcalc.org/ColorectalCancer/. Accessed November 8, 2017.
  • 22. National Health Directorate (NHD). National Standards for Colorectal Cancer Screening]. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-tarama-standartlari/listesi/kolorektal-kanser-tarama- program%C4%B1-ulusal-standartlar%C4%B1.html. Accessed October 14, 2017.
  • 23. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M. et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210.
  • 24. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2003. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2003/. Accessed October 15, 2018
  • 25. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 8th edition. Available from: http://diabetesatlas.org/resources/2017-atlas.html. Accessed October 15,2018.
  • 26. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed May 10, 2018.
  • 27. Jayasekara H, English DR, Haydon A, Hodge AM, Lynch BM, Rosty C, et al. Associations of alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity and obesity with survival following colorectal cancer diagnosis by stage, anatomic site and tumor molecular subtype. Int J Cancer. 2018;142(2):238-50. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31049.
  • 28. Koc S, Esin MN. Screening behaviors, health beliefs, and related factors of first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients with ongoing treatment in Turkey. Cancer Nurs. 2014;(6):E51-60. doi:10.1097/NCC.0000000000000121.
  • 29. De Rosa M, Pace U, Rega D, Costabile V, Duraturo F, Izzo P, et al. Genetics, diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. Oncology Reports. 2015;34(3):1087-1096.
  • 30. Zhao Z, Feng Q, Yin Z, Shuang J, Bai B, Yu P, et al. Red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(47):83306-14.
  • 31. Koo JH, Leong RW, Ching J, Yeoh KG, Wu DC, Murdani A, et al. Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and barriers to participation of colorectal cancer screening tests in the Asia-Pacific Region: a multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(1):26-135.
  • 32. Bronner K, Mesters I, Weiss-Meilnik A, Geva R, Rozner G, Strul H. Do individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer adhere to medical recommendations for the prevention of colorectal cancer? Fam Cancer. 2013;12(4):629-637. doi: 10.1007/s10689-013-9627-x.
  • 33. Temucin E, Nahcivan NO. The effects of the nurse navigation program in promoting colorectal cancer screening behaviors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Educ. 2018;1-13. doi: 10.1007/s13187-018-1448-z.
  • 34. Hendren S, Winters P, Humiston S, Idris A, Li SX, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of a multimodal ıntervention to ımprove cancer screening rates in a safety-net primary care practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2506-1.
Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 14 - 19, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.868951

Abstract

References

  • 1. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424. doi: 10.3322/caac.21492.
  • 2. Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI). Statistics of Death Cause, 2014. Available from: http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaberBultenleri.do?id=18855. Accessed April 15, 2018.
  • 3. Gao Z, Guo B, Gao R, Zhu Q, Qin H. Microbiota disbiosis is associated with colorectal cancer. Front Microbiol. 2015;6(20):1-9. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2015.00020.
  • 4. Kim DJ, Rockhill B, Colditz G A. Validation of the Harvard Cancer Risk Index: a prediction tool for individual cancer risk. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57(4):332-40.
  • 5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). What i s colorectal cancer screening? Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening/. Accessed October 14, 2018.
  • 6. Wells B J, Kattan MW, Cooper GS, Jackson L, Koroukian S. Colorectal cancer predicted risk online (CRC-PRO) calculator using data from the multi-ethnic cohort study. J Am Board Fam Med. 2014;27(1):42-55. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2014.01.130040.
  • 7. Wei EK, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS, Rosner BA. Cumulative risk of colon cancer up to age 70 years by risk factor status using data from the nurses’ health study. Am J Epidemiol. 2009;170(7):863-72.
  • 8. Yeoh EE, Botten RJ, Butters J, Di Matteo AC, Holloway RH, Fowler J. Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma: final results of phase III randomized trial. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011;81(5):1271-8.
  • 9. Ilgaz A, Gözüm S. Determination of colorectal cancer risk levels, colorectal cancer screening rates, and factors affecting screening participation of ındividuals working in agriculture in turkey. Cancer Nurs.2018;41(4):E46-54. doi: 10.1097/NCC.000000000000053.
  • 10. Spring B, King AC, Pagoto SL, Van Horn L, Fisher JD. Fostering multiple healthy lifestyle behaviors for primary prevention of cancer. Am Psychol. 2015;70(2):75.
  • 11. Muliira JK, D’Souza MS, Ahmed SM, Al-Dhahli SN, Al-Jahwari FRM. Barriers to colorectal cancer screening in primary care settings: attitudes and knowledge of nurses and physicians. Asia Pac J Clin Oncol Nurs. 2016;3(1):98. doi: 10.4103/2347-5625.177391.
  • 12. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Transtheoretical therapy: toward a more ıntegrative model of change. Psychotherapy. 1982;19(3):276-88.
  • 13. Bui NC, Cho HN, Lee YY, Suh M, Park B, Jun JK, et al. (2018). Stages of adoption for fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy tests for colorectal cancer screening in korea. Cancer Res Treat. 2018;50(2):416. doi: 10.4143/crt.2017.075.
  • 14. Duncan A, Turnbull D, Gregory T, Cole S, Young G, Flight I, et al. Using the transtheoretical model of behaviour change to describe readiness to rescreen for colorectal cancer with faecal occult blood testing. Health Promot J Austr. 2012;23(2):122-128. doi: 10.1071/HE12122.
  • 15. Kwak MS, Choi KS, Spring BJ, Park S, Park EC. Predicting the stages of adoption of cervical cancer screening among Korean women. Prev Med. 2009;49(1):48-53. doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.05.007.
  • 16. Temel AB, Dağhan Ş, Kaymakçı Ş, Dönmez RÖ, Arabacı Z. Effect of structured training programme on the knowledge and behaviors of breast and cervical cancer screening among the female teachers in Turkey. BMC Women's Health. 2017;17(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0478-8.
  • 17. Trauth JM, Ling BS, Weissfeld JL, Schoen RE, Hayran M. Using the transtheoretical model to stage screening behavior for colorectal cancer. Health Educ Behav. 2003;30(3):322-36. doi: 10.1177/1090198103030003007.
  • 18. Christie J, Jandorf L, Itzkowitz S, Halmn E, Freeman K, King, S, et al. Sociodemographic correlates of stage of adoption for colorectal cancer screening in African Americans. Ethn Dis. 2009;19(3):323.
  • 19. Izmir Development Agency. The report of Bornova district. http://www.izka.org.tr/files/planlama/3_ilce_calismalari/2014_2023/bornova/bornova ilce_sunumu.pdf Accessed November 8, 2017.
  • 20. Des Jarlais DC, Lyles C, Crepaz N, the Trend Group. Improving the reporting quality of nonrandomized evaluations of behavioral and public health interventions: The TREND statement. Am J Public Health. 2004;94:361-6.
  • 21. Colorectal Cancer 10 year Predicted Risk Online (CRC-PRO). http://riskcalc.org/ColorectalCancer/. Accessed November 8, 2017.
  • 22. National Health Directorate (NHD). National Standards for Colorectal Cancer Screening]. https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/kanser-tarama-standartlari/listesi/kolorektal-kanser-tarama- program%C4%B1-ulusal-standartlar%C4%B1.html. Accessed October 14, 2017.
  • 23. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M. et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136(5):E359–86. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210.
  • 24. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2003. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2003/. Accessed October 15, 2018
  • 25. IDF Diabetes Atlas. 8th edition. Available from: http://diabetesatlas.org/resources/2017-atlas.html. Accessed October 15,2018.
  • 26. World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed May 10, 2018.
  • 27. Jayasekara H, English DR, Haydon A, Hodge AM, Lynch BM, Rosty C, et al. Associations of alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity and obesity with survival following colorectal cancer diagnosis by stage, anatomic site and tumor molecular subtype. Int J Cancer. 2018;142(2):238-50. doi: 10.1002/ijc.31049.
  • 28. Koc S, Esin MN. Screening behaviors, health beliefs, and related factors of first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients with ongoing treatment in Turkey. Cancer Nurs. 2014;(6):E51-60. doi:10.1097/NCC.0000000000000121.
  • 29. De Rosa M, Pace U, Rega D, Costabile V, Duraturo F, Izzo P, et al. Genetics, diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer. Oncology Reports. 2015;34(3):1087-1096.
  • 30. Zhao Z, Feng Q, Yin Z, Shuang J, Bai B, Yu P, et al. Red and processed meat consumption and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2017;8(47):83306-14.
  • 31. Koo JH, Leong RW, Ching J, Yeoh KG, Wu DC, Murdani A, et al. Knowledge of, attitudes toward, and barriers to participation of colorectal cancer screening tests in the Asia-Pacific Region: a multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76(1):26-135.
  • 32. Bronner K, Mesters I, Weiss-Meilnik A, Geva R, Rozner G, Strul H. Do individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer adhere to medical recommendations for the prevention of colorectal cancer? Fam Cancer. 2013;12(4):629-637. doi: 10.1007/s10689-013-9627-x.
  • 33. Temucin E, Nahcivan NO. The effects of the nurse navigation program in promoting colorectal cancer screening behaviors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Educ. 2018;1-13. doi: 10.1007/s13187-018-1448-z.
  • 34. Hendren S, Winters P, Humiston S, Idris A, Li SX, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of a multimodal ıntervention to ımprove cancer screening rates in a safety-net primary care practice. J Gen Intern Med. 2014;29(1):41-9. doi: 10.1007/s11606-013-2506-1.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Primary Health Care, Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research article
Authors

Renginar Öztürk Dönmez 0000-0002-0969-6943

Süheyla Özsoy 0000-0001-5615-1893

Melek Ardahan 0000-0003-2699-0885

Publication Date January 1, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 6 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Öztürk Dönmez, R., Özsoy, S., & Ardahan, M. (2022). The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, 6(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.868951
AMA Öztürk Dönmez R, Özsoy S, Ardahan M. The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. J Surg Med. January 2022;6(1):14-19. doi:10.28982/josam.868951
Chicago Öztürk Dönmez, Renginar, Süheyla Özsoy, and Melek Ardahan. “The Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Aged 50-70 Years and Behavioral Changes in High-Risk Individuals Regarding a Fecal Occult Blood Test”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 2022): 14-19. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.868951.
EndNote Öztürk Dönmez R, Özsoy S, Ardahan M (January 1, 2022) The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 6 1 14–19.
IEEE R. Öztürk Dönmez, S. Özsoy, and M. Ardahan, “The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test”, J Surg Med, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 14–19, 2022, doi: 10.28982/josam.868951.
ISNAD Öztürk Dönmez, Renginar et al. “The Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Aged 50-70 Years and Behavioral Changes in High-Risk Individuals Regarding a Fecal Occult Blood Test”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine 6/1 (January 2022), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.28982/josam.868951.
JAMA Öztürk Dönmez R, Özsoy S, Ardahan M. The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. J Surg Med. 2022;6:14–19.
MLA Öztürk Dönmez, Renginar et al. “The Risk of Developing Colorectal Cancer in Individuals Aged 50-70 Years and Behavioral Changes in High-Risk Individuals Regarding a Fecal Occult Blood Test”. Journal of Surgery and Medicine, vol. 6, no. 1, 2022, pp. 14-19, doi:10.28982/josam.868951.
Vancouver Öztürk Dönmez R, Özsoy S, Ardahan M. The risk of developing colorectal cancer in individuals aged 50-70 years and behavioral changes in high-risk individuals regarding a fecal occult blood test. J Surg Med. 2022;6(1):14-9.