Mini-Review on Coumarins: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioactivity, Extraction and Toxicology

Fatıma Elmusa; Muna Elmusa

doi:10.18596/jotcsa.1419322

Review

Mini-Review on Coumarins: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioactivity, Extraction and Toxicology

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 933 - 944

Fatıma Elmusa Muna Elmusa

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1419322

Abstract

Coumarins are a class of naturally occurring compounds found in various plants, fungi, and microorganisms, each with a unique chemical profile. These compounds exhibit a broad range of bioactivities, including antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer, and neuroprotective properties. The effective extraction of coumarins, facilitated by methods such as maceration and microwave-assisted extraction, is integral to unlocking their potential across various applications. Nevertheless, safety and toxicology considerations assume paramount importance, particularly in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and food additives. While moderate dietary consumption of coumarin-rich foods is generally safe, excessive intake, whether through foods or supplements, raises concerns linked to hepatotoxicity and photosensitivity. Notably, specific coumarin derivatives, including the widely used anticoagulant warfarin, necessitate precise dosing and vigilant monitoring to mitigate the risk of bleeding complications. In conclusion, the versatile biological activities of coumarins underscore their significance; yet, their safety and toxicity profiles are contingent on multiple factors, encompassing compound type, dosage, and individual susceptibility. This review provides a holistic understanding of coumarins, encompassing their natural origins, biosynthesis, bioactivity spectrum, extraction techniques, and insights into safety, and toxicology.

Keywords

Coumarins, Natural Sources, Biosynthetic Pathway, Extraction, Toxicology

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Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 3, 933 - 944

Fatıma Elmusa Muna Elmusa

https://doi.org/10.18596/jotcsa.1419322

Abstract

References

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2. Annunziata F, Pinna C, Dallavalle S, Tamborini L, Pinto A. An Overview of Coumarin as a Versatile and Readily Accessible Scaffold with Broad-Ranging Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2020 Jun 29;21(13):4618. Available from: <URL>.
3. Sharma M, Vyas VK, Bhatt S, Ghate MD. Therapeutic potential of 4-substituted coumarins: A conspectus. Eur J Med Chem Reports [Internet]. 2022 Dec 1;6:100086. Available from: <URL>.
4. Hussain MI, Syed QA, Khattak MNK, Hafez B, Reigosa MJ, El-Keblawy A. Natural product coumarins: biological and pharmacological perspectives. Biologia (Bratisl) [Internet]. 2019 Jul 15;74(7):863–88. Available from: <URL>.
5. Lončar M, Jakovljević M, Šubarić D, Pavlić M, Buzjak Služek V, Cindrić I, et al. Coumarins in Food and Methods of Their Determination. Foods [Internet]. 2020 May 18;9(5):645. Available from: <URL>.
6. Matos MJ, Santana L, Uriarte E, Abreu OA, Molina E, Yordi EG. Coumarins — An Important Class of Phytochemicals. In: Phytochemicals - Isolation, Characterisation and Role in Human Health [Internet]. InTech; 2015. Available from: <URL>.
7. Tsivileva OM, Koftin O V., Evseeva N V. Coumarins as Fungal Metabolites with Potential Medicinal Properties. Antibiotics [Internet]. 2022 Aug 26;11(9):1156. Available from: <URL>.
8. Xia T, Liu Y, Lu Z, Yu H. Natural Coumarin Shows Toxicity to Spodoptera litura by Inhibiting Detoxification Enzymes and Glycometabolism. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2023 Aug 24;24(17):13177. Available from: <URL>.
9. Lu PH, Liao TH, Chen YH, Hsu YL, Kuo CY, Chan CC, et al. Coumarin Derivatives Inhibit ADP-Induced Platelet Activation and Aggregation. Molecules [Internet]. 2022 Jun 23;27(13):4054. Available from: <URL>.
10. Ghosh R, Singha PS, Das LK, Ghosh D, Firdaus SB. Anti-inflammatory activity of natural coumarin compounds from plants of the Indo-Gangetic plain. AIMS Mol Sci [Internet]. 2023;10(2):79–98. Available from: <URL>.
11. Coumarin. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. 2000;77:193–225. Available from: <URL>.
12. Boo YC. p-Coumaric Acid as An Active Ingredient in Cosmetics: A Review Focusing on its Antimelanogenic Effects. Antioxidants [Internet]. 2019 Aug 4;8(8):275. Available from: <URL>.
13. Eggleston W. Coumarins. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology [Internet]. Elsevier; 2024 [cited 2024 May 6]. p. 293–7. Available from: <URL>.
14. Wang J, Huang S, Li C, Ding W, She Z, Li C. A New Coumarin Produced by Mixed Fermentation of Two Marine Fungi. Chem Nat Compd [Internet]. 2015 Mar 27;51(2):239–41. Available from: <URL>.
15. Umashankar T, Govindappa M, Ramachandra YL, Chandrappa CP, Padmalatha RS, Channabasava R. Isolation, purification and in vitro cytotoxic activities of coumarin isolated from endophytic fungi, Alternaria species of Crotalaria pallida. Indo Am J Pharm Res [Internet]. 2015;5(2):926–36. Available from: <URL>.
16. Li TX, Meng DD, Wang Y, An JL, Bai JF, Jia XW, et al. Antioxidant coumarin and pyrone derivatives from the insect-associated fungus Aspergillus Versicolor. Nat Prod Res [Internet]. 2020 May 18;34(10):1360–5. Available from: <URL>.
17. Yan ZY, Lv TM, Wang YX, Shi SC, Chen JJ, Bin-Lin, et al. Terpenylated coumarins from the root bark of Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle. Phytochemistry [Internet]. 2020 Jul 1;175:112361. Available from: <URL>.
18. Bai Y, Li D, Zhou T, Qin N, Li Z, Yu Z, et al. Coumarins from the roots of Angelica dahurica with antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. J Funct Foods [Internet]. 2016 Jan 1;20:453–62. Available from: <URL>.
19. Wang S, Tang F, Yue Y, Yao X, Wei Q, Yu J. Simultaneous Determination of 12 Coumarins in Bamboo Leaves by HPLC. J AOAC Int [Internet]. 2013 Sep 1;96(5):942–6. Available from: <URL>.
20. Joshi KR, Devkota HP, Yahara S. Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Bombax ceiba from Nepal. Nat Prod Commun [Internet]. 2013 May 1;8(5):583–4. Available from: <URL>.
21. Rodríguez-Hernández KD, Martínez I, Agredano-Moreno LT, Jiménez-García LF, Reyes-Chilpa R, Espinoza B. Coumarins isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense produce ultrastructural alterations and affect in vitro infectivity of Trypanosoma cruzi. Phytomedicine [Internet]. 2019 Aug 1;61:152827. Available from: <URL>.
22. Li Z lin, Li Y, Qin N bo, Li D hong, Liu Z guo, Liu Q, et al. Four new coumarins from the leaves of Calophyllum inophyllum. Phytochem Lett [Internet]. 2016 Jun 1;16:203–6. Available from: <URL>.
23. Ramírez-Pelayo C, Martínez-Quiñones J, Gil J, Durango D. Coumarins from the peel of citrus grown in Colombia: composition, elicitation and antifungal activity. Heliyon [Internet]. 2019 Jun 1;5(6):e01937. Available from: <URL>.
24. Dugrand A, Olry A, Duval T, Hehn A, Froelicher Y, Bourgaud F. Coumarin and Furanocoumarin Quantitation in Citrus Peel via Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS). J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2013 Nov 13;61(45):10677–84. Available from: <URL>.
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Primary Language	English
Subjects	Natural Products and Bioactive Compounds, Biologically Active Molecules, Medicinal and Biomolecular Chemistry (Other)
Journal Section	REVIEW ARTICLES
Authors	Fatıma Elmusa 0000-0001-6645-5487 Muna Elmusa 0000-0003-4087-4944
Early Pub Date	May 19, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date	January 13, 2024
Acceptance Date	April 22, 2024
Published in Issue	Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 3

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Vancouver	Elmusa F, Elmusa M. Mini-Review on Coumarins: Sources, Biosynthesis, Bioactivity, Extraction and Toxicology. JOTCSA. 2024;11(3):933-44.

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