Research Article
Investigation of the relationship between nutritional knowledge and nutritional supplement belief levels and athletic performances of elite cross-country skiers
Abstract
The use of nutritional supplements provides support to the athlete, while the use of wrong and inappropriate supplements may adversely affect the performance of the athlete. This study investigated the relationship between the nutritional knowledge and nutritional supplement belief levels and athletic performances of elite cross-country skiers. A total of 19 elite cross-country skiers, 8 females and 11 males (mean age of 16.1±1.00 years) competing in the U-16 and U-18 categories, participated in the study. Inbody 120, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m sprint, agility, 20m shuttle run and hand grip tests were used to assess physical and psychological factors. Moreover, the Nutrition for Sports Knowledge Questionnaire (NSKQ) and the Sports Supplements Belief Scale (SSBS) were applied to the athletes. No significance was found in the comparison of the athletes in terms of Body Mass Index (BMI) classification (p>0.05). A positive relationship was found between the NSKQ and age (r=0.466; p=0.044), body fat percentage (r=0.505; p=0.027), and body fat mass (r=0.642; p=0.003) values. On the other hand, a positive relationship was found between the SSBS scale and body weight (r=0.136; p=0.009), body muscle mass (r=0.681; p=0.001), total body water (r=0.647; p=0.003), hand grip strength (right hand r=0.621; p=0.005; left hand r=0.635; p=0.003), while a negative relationship was found between the SSBS scale and 10m sprint (r=-0.589; p=0.008), 20m sprint (r=-0.606; p=0.006), 30m sprint (r=-0.480; p=0.037) and agility values (r=-0.533; p=0.019). These findings demonstrate that the sports nutrition knowledge level does not have a positive effect on athletic performance, but it has a positive effect on body muscle mass, strength, sprint, and agility values that affect athletes’ athletic performances as athletes’ nutritional supplements belief levels increase.
References
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- Yeşilkaya, B., & Kaçar, M. (2020). Determination of nutrition habits of professional women footballers. Journal of National Sport Sciences, 4(2), 116-126.
- Walsh, M., Cartwright, L., Corish, C., Sugrue, S., & Wood - Martin, R. (2011). The body composition, nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and future education needs of senior schoolboy rugby players in Ireland. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 21(5), 365-376.
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Year 2023,
Volume: 9 Issue: 3, 186 - 194, 30.09.2023
Abstract
References
- Ateş, B. (2014). The effects of 6 weeks roller ski interval uphill training on selected physiological characteristics in cross-country skiers. Master’s Thesis, Gazi University, Ankara.
- Ayaş, E. B. (2020). Examination of athletes' levels of belief in nutritional supplements. In A. Altunhan & R. Bayer (Eds.), Academic Studies in Sport Sciences-II (pp. 45). Ankara: Gece Kitapligi Publishing.
- Bayraktar, I. (2013). Relationships between agility, speed, reaction and vertical jump ability of elite boxers. Journal of Academic Perspective, 35, 1-8.
- Čaušević, D., Ormanović, Š., Doder, I., & Čović, N. (2017). Analysis of dietary supplements usage among recreational athletes in Canton Sarajevo. Homo Sporticus, 19(2), 19-23.
- Çetin, E., & Yarım, İ., (2006). Kayaklı koşu antrenman bilgisi. Ankara: Gazi Bookstore. (in Turkish). Meredith, M. D., & Welk, G. J. (Eds.). (1992). Fitnessgram test administration manual. Human Kinetics.
- Çırak, O., & Çakıroğlu, F. P. (2019). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire. Journal of Ankara Health Sciences, 8(1), 35-49.
- Dascombe, B. J., Karunaratna, M., Cartoon, J., Fergie, B., & Goodman, C. (2010). Nutritional supplementation habits and perceptions of elite athletes within a state-based sporting institute. J Sci Med Sport, 13(2), 274-280.
- Devlin, B. L., Leveritt, M. D., Kingsley, M., & Belski, R. (2017). Dietary intake, body composition, and nutrition knowledge of Australian football and soccer players: implications for sports nutrition professionals in Practice. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 27, 130-138.
- Druker, I., & Gesser-Edelsburg, A. (2017). Identifying and assessing views among physically-active adult gym members in Israel on dietary supplements. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 14(1), 37.
- Folasire, O. F., Akomolafe, A. A., & Sanusi, R. A. (2015). Does nutrition knowledge and practice of athletes translate to enhanced athletic performance? cross-sectional study amongst Nigerian undergraduate athletes. Glob J Health Sci, 7(5), 215.
- Fuss, F. K., Subic, A., Strangwood, M., & Mehta, R. (Eds.). (2013). Routledge handbook of sports technology and engineering. Routledge.
- Garthe, I., & Maughan, R. J. (2018). Athletes and supplements: prevalence and perspectives. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 28(2), 126-138.
- Gümüşdağ, H., & Kartal, A. (2017). Examination of nutrition knowledge level of handball players playing in league and national teams in terms of some variables. Journal of International Anatolia Sport Science, 2(3), 208-215.
- Hurst, P., Foad, A., Coleman, D., & Beedie, C. (2017). Development and validation of the sports supplements beliefs scale. Performance Enhancement & Health, 5(3), 89-97.
- Jenner, S.L., Trakman, G., Coutts, A., Kempton, T., Ryan, S., Forsyth, A., & Belski, R. (2018). Dietary intake of professional Australian football athletes surrounding body composition assessment. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 15, 43.
- Lieberman, H. R., Marriott, B. P., Williams, C., Judelson, D. A., Glickman, E. L., Geiselman, P. J., ... & Mahoney, C. R. (2015). Patterns of dietary supplement use among college students. Clin Nutr, 34(5), 976-985.
- Lökbaş, B., Aktitiz, S., Koşar, N., & Turnagöl, H. (2020). Assesment of professıonal ice hockey players’ nutritional status and energy balance during competition period. Hacettepe Journal of Sport Sciences. 31(3), 140-151.
- Lun, V., Erdman, K. A., & Reimer, R. A. (2009). Evaluation of nutritional intake in Canadian high-performance athletes. Clin J Sport Med, 19(5), 405-411.
- Maughan, R. J. (2018). Dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 28(2), 101-101.
- Mazzilli, M., Macaluso, F., Zambelli, S., Picerno, P., & Iuliano, E. (2021). The use of dietary supplements in fitness practitioners: A cross-sectional observation study. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(9), 5005.
- Nikolaidis, P. T., & Theodoropoulou, E. (2014). Relationship between nutrition knowledge and physical fitness in semiprofessional soccer players. Scientifica, 2014.
- Öztürk, S. A., Kalkan, İ., Durmaz, C., Pehlivan, M., Özüpek, G., & Bakmaz, Z. D. (2020). Usage of nutritional supplements among university student athletes. Journal of Medical Clinics, 3(1), 5-14.
- Papadopoulou, S. K., Gouvianaki, A., Grammatikopoulou, M. G., Maraki, Z., Pagkalos, I. G., Malliaropoulos, N. & Maffulli, N. (2012). Body composition and dietary intake of elite cross-country skiers members of the Greek national team. Asian J Sports Med, 3(4), 257.
- Ruano, J., & Teixeira, V. H. (2020). Prevalence of dietary supplement use by gym members in Portugal and associated factors. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 11.
- Senekal, M., Meltzer, S., Horne, A., Abrey, N. C., Papenfus, L., van der Merwe, S., & Temple, N. J. (2021). Dietary supplement use in younger and older men exercising at gyms in Cape Town. South Afr J Clin Nutr, 34(1), 1-8.
- Spendlove, J. K., Heaney, S. E., Gifford, J. A., Prvan, T., Denyer, G. S., & O’Connor, H. T. (2012). Evaluation of general nutrition knowledge in elite Australian athletes. Br J Nutr, 107, 1871-1880.
- Spronk, I., Heaney, S.E., Prvan, T., ve O’Connor, H.T. (2015). Relationship between general nutrition knowledge and dietary quality in elite athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 25, 243-251.
- Sundström, D., Carlsson, P., Ståhl, F., & Tinnsten, M. (2013). Numerical optimization of pacing strategy in cross-country skiing. Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization, 47(6), 943-950.
- Trakman, G. L., Forsyth, A., Hoye, R., & Belski, R. (2017). The nutrition for sport knowledge questionnaire (NSKQ): development and validation using classical test theory and Rasch analysis. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 14(1), 26.
- Yarar, H., Gökdemir, K., Eroğlu, H., & Özdemir, G. (2011). Evaluation of knowledge for diet and dietary habits of elite athletes. Selçuk University Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science, 13(3), 368-371.
- Yeşilkaya, B., & Kaçar, M. (2020). Determination of nutrition habits of professional women footballers. Journal of National Sport Sciences, 4(2), 116-126.
- Walsh, M., Cartwright, L., Corish, C., Sugrue, S., & Wood - Martin, R. (2011). The body composition, nutritional knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and future education needs of senior schoolboy rugby players in Ireland. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 21(5), 365-376.
- World Health Organization. (2022). WHO European regional obesity report 2022. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe.
There are 33 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Sport and Exercise Nutrition |
| Journal Section | Original Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | September 30, 2023 |
| Submission Date | July 15, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | September 13, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 9 Issue: 3 |
