Öz
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a rare malignancy of childhood having different epidemiological, histopathological and clinical characteristics. The most frequent histopathological type is undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma and is associated with advanced locoregional disease and distant metastasis in childhood. Because of high incidence of systemic disease in childhood, chemotherapy is the first choice in treatment of advanced disease. Although 5 year’s survival rates have reached 70% with combined therapy modalities, late complications continue to be major problem. Parallel to improvement in the diagnostic skills and therapy, there is an increase in survivors of childhood cancer. Since late effects of cancer therapy can be encountered more often, closer follow-up of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients who are under serious treatment schemes is an obligation.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma therapy modalities complications
Kaynakça
- Pappo AS, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Furman WL. Management of infrequent cancers of childhood. In: Principles and practice of pediatric oncology, 6th edition, (Eds. Pizzo PA, Poplack DG):1099-101. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2011.
- Cvitkovic E, Bachouchi M, Armand JP. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Biology, natural history and therapeutic implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991;5:821–38.
- Küpeli S, Varan A, Büyükpamukçu M, Oguz S, Ozgen B, Akçören Z. Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;53:1165-6.
- Ayan I, Kaytan E, Ayan N. Childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma: From biology to treatment. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:13–21.
- Vokes EE, Liebowitz DN, Weischselbaum RR. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 1997;350:1087- 91.
- Chan ATC, Teo PML, Johnson PJ. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:1007-15.
- Million RR, Cassini N, Clark JR. Cancer of head and neck. In: Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology. (Eds. Devita VD, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA): Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company; 1989;555-60.
- Mertens R, Granzen B, Lassay L, Gademann G, Hess CF, Heimann G. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: Concept and preliminary results of the cooperative GPOH study NPC- 91. Cancer 1997;80:951–9.
- Kuş AB, Şahin P, Uğuz AH, Tanyeli A, Küpeli S. Leukemoid reaction associated with pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an unusual presentation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:885-7.
- Varan A, Kutluk T, Demirkazik FB, Akyüz C, Büyükpamukçu M. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a child with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:570-2.
- Cila A. Kafa kaidesi, nazofarinks, parafaringeal alan kesit anatomisi ve tümörlerde görüntüleme. Türk ORL Klinikleri 2002;1:237-43.
- Ingersoll L, Woo SY, Donaldson S, Giesler J, Maor MH, Goffinet D et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the young: A combined M.D. Anderson and Stanford experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;19:881–7.
- Papavasiliou C, Kouvaris J, Athanasiadis P, Patrinou A, Deligeorgi H. Mandibular sarcoma as a second neoplasm following radiotherapy for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood (case report). Radiother Oncol. 1987;8:333-5.
- International Nasopharynx Cancer Study Group. VUMCA 1 trial: Preliminary results of randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, epirubicin, bleomycin) plus radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in stage IV undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A positive effect on progression free survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;35:463–9.
- Varan A, Kutluk T, Akyüz C, Büyükpamukçu M. Prognostic factors and treatment results in childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;35:314.
- Ayan I, Altun M. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children: Retrospective review of 50 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;35:485–92.
- Erkal HS, Serin M, Cakmak A. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas: analysis of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics determining outcome. Radiother Oncol. 2001;61:247–56.
- Serin M, Erkal HS,, Elhan AH, Cakmak A. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1998;31:498–505.
- Küpeli S, Varan A, Ozyar E, Atahan IL, Yalçin B, Kutluk T et al. Treatment results of 84 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;46:454-8.
- Varan A, Ozyar E, Corapçioğlu F, Köksal Y, Aydin B, Yazici N et al. Pediatric and young adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with preradiation Cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73:1116-20.
- Mertens R, Granzen B, Lassay L, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: Concept and preliminary results of the cooperative GPOH study NPC-91. Cancer. 1997;80:951–9.
Öz
Nazofarinks karsinomu çocuklarda nadir görülen, farklı epidemiyolojik, histopatolojik ve klinik özellikleri olan bir hastalıktır. Çocuklarda görülen histopatolojik tip hemen her zaman indiferansiye nazofarinks karsinomu olmakta ve ileri lokal-bölgesel yayılımla ve uzak metastazla birliktelik görülmektedir. Çocuklarda görülen sistemik hastalık sıklığının yüksek oluş nedeniyle günümüzde kemoterapi ileri evre hastalıkta ilk seçenek olarak tercih edilmektedir. Kombine tedavi şemalarıyla 5 yıllık sağkalım % 70'Iere ulaşmış olmasına rağmen geç dönem komplikasyonlar önemli sorun olmaya devam etmektedir. Tanı ve tedavideki gelişmelere paralel olarak, çocukluk çağında kanser tedavisi gören ve hayatta kalan birey sayısında önemli bir artış olduğundan ve kanser tedavisinin özellikle geç dönemde görülebilecek yan etkileriyle daha sık karşılaşılabileceğinden ağır tedavi protokolleri uygulanan nazofarinks karsinomu hastalarının bu açıdan yakın takip edilmeleri bir zorunluluktur.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Çocuklarda nazofarinks karsinornu tedavi şekilleri komplikasyonlar
Kaynakça
- Pappo AS, Rodriguez-Galindo C, Furman WL. Management of infrequent cancers of childhood. In: Principles and practice of pediatric oncology, 6th edition, (Eds. Pizzo PA, Poplack DG):1099-101. Philadelphia, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2011.
- Cvitkovic E, Bachouchi M, Armand JP. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Biology, natural history and therapeutic implications. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 1991;5:821–38.
- Küpeli S, Varan A, Büyükpamukçu M, Oguz S, Ozgen B, Akçören Z. Pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2009;53:1165-6.
- Ayan I, Kaytan E, Ayan N. Childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma: From biology to treatment. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:13–21.
- Vokes EE, Liebowitz DN, Weischselbaum RR. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Lancet. 1997;350:1087- 91.
- Chan ATC, Teo PML, Johnson PJ. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Oncol. 2002;13:1007-15.
- Million RR, Cassini N, Clark JR. Cancer of head and neck. In: Cancer. Principles and practice of oncology. (Eds. Devita VD, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA): Philadelphia, JB Lippincott Company; 1989;555-60.
- Mertens R, Granzen B, Lassay L, Gademann G, Hess CF, Heimann G. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: Concept and preliminary results of the cooperative GPOH study NPC- 91. Cancer 1997;80:951–9.
- Kuş AB, Şahin P, Uğuz AH, Tanyeli A, Küpeli S. Leukemoid reaction associated with pediatric nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an unusual presentation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;78:885-7.
- Varan A, Kutluk T, Demirkazik FB, Akyüz C, Büyükpamukçu M. Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy in a child with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30:570-2.
- Cila A. Kafa kaidesi, nazofarinks, parafaringeal alan kesit anatomisi ve tümörlerde görüntüleme. Türk ORL Klinikleri 2002;1:237-43.
- Ingersoll L, Woo SY, Donaldson S, Giesler J, Maor MH, Goffinet D et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the young: A combined M.D. Anderson and Stanford experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990;19:881–7.
- Papavasiliou C, Kouvaris J, Athanasiadis P, Patrinou A, Deligeorgi H. Mandibular sarcoma as a second neoplasm following radiotherapy for a nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood (case report). Radiother Oncol. 1987;8:333-5.
- International Nasopharynx Cancer Study Group. VUMCA 1 trial: Preliminary results of randomized trial comparing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (cisplatin, epirubicin, bleomycin) plus radiotherapy vs. radiotherapy alone in stage IV undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A positive effect on progression free survival. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;35:463–9.
- Varan A, Kutluk T, Akyüz C, Büyükpamukçu M. Prognostic factors and treatment results in childhood nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2000;35:314.
- Ayan I, Altun M. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children: Retrospective review of 50 patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 1996;35:485–92.
- Erkal HS, Serin M, Cakmak A. Nasopharyngeal carcinomas: analysis of patient, tumor and treatment characteristics determining outcome. Radiother Oncol. 2001;61:247–56.
- Serin M, Erkal HS,, Elhan AH, Cakmak A. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1998;31:498–505.
- Küpeli S, Varan A, Ozyar E, Atahan IL, Yalçin B, Kutluk T et al. Treatment results of 84 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006;46:454-8.
- Varan A, Ozyar E, Corapçioğlu F, Köksal Y, Aydin B, Yazici N et al. Pediatric and young adult nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with preradiation Cisplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2009;73:1116-20.
- Mertens R, Granzen B, Lassay L, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in childhood and adolescence: Concept and preliminary results of the cooperative GPOH study NPC-91. Cancer. 1997;80:951–9.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Derleme |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Mart 2015 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2015 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2 |
