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Hakikat Savaşları: Postmodern-Postyapısalcı Siyasetin Bakiyesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 742 - 760, 24.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1214949

Öz

Dünyanın bir süredir gündeminde olan ve ‘hakikat sonrası’ (post-truth) dönem olarak adlandırılan toplumsal ve siyasal durum bir boşlukta oluşmamıştır. Bunu mümkün kılan felsefi ve entelektüel bir arka plan bulunmaktadır. Bu felsefi/entelektüel arka planın, genellikle postmodern ve post-yapısalcı kuramsal argüman ve önermelere dayandığı yönünde yoğun tartışmalar söz konusudur. Hakikat-sonrası çağın temellerinin postmodernist felsefede bir karşılığının bulunup bulunmadığı yönündeki güncel akademik ve siyasal tartışmalar ise devam etmektedir. Hakikat sonrası olarak adlandırılan dönemde, sözü edilen entelektüel temeller üzerinden köklenen siyasetler nedeniyle dünyanın pratikte yaşadığı bir dizi yıkıcı siyasi, ekonomik ve çevresel sorunlarla karşı karşıya bulunuyoruz. Siyasal olarak, otoriter sağ popülizm(ler), kimlik politikalarına dayalı olarak farklılıkların yüceltilmesi ve bunun yol açtığı gerilimler, artan ırkçı ve ayrımcı söylemler, çatışmaları ve savaşları tecrübe ettiğimiz bir ‘insanlık durumu’nu deneyimliyoruz uzun süredir. Bu çalışmada göreliliğin ve farklılığın abartılı bir biçimde övüldüğü, gerçeğin veya hakikatin giderek değersizleştirildiği ‘hakikat sonrası çağ’da, aklı, hakikati ve siyaseti postmodern, postyapısalcı salvoların ‘ayartıcı’ entelektüel halesinden arındırarak ve temellerine oturtarak yeniden ve aktif olarak savunmanın önemli ve acil bir görev olduğu savunulmaktadır. ‘Hakikat sonrası’nın iddia ve ilan edildiği bir çağda hakikate yönelik yükümlülüğümüzü savunmak ve geri kazanmak hiç olmadığı kadar önemli ve acil bir ihtiyaç olmaya devam etmektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Bulunmamaktadır

Kaynakça

  • Ancona, M. (2017). Post-truth: The new war on truth and how to fight back. London: Ebury Press.
  • Angermuller, J. (2017). Neden Fransa’da Postyapısalcılık Yok? Entelektüel Bir Neslin Teşekkülü. (Ö Karlık, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik Yayınları.
  • Appignanesi, R. ve Garratt, C. (2003). Introducing Postmodernism: A Graphic Guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Aylesworth, G. (2015). “Postmodernism”, The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/postmodernism/ Son erişim tarihi, 02.01.2022.
  • Balanuye, Ç. (2021). Felsefede Neredeyiz? Yeni bir Etiko-Politiğin Olanağı. B. Özçelik (Ed), Hakikat Sonrası Siyaset, Felsefe, Medya, Uluslararası İlişkiler içinde (ss. 31-42). Ankara: Nika Yayınevi.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2011). Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon (O. Adanır Çev.). Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Baxter, J. (2016). Positioning language and identity: Poststructuralist perspectives. S. Preece (Ed), The Routledge handbook of language and identity içinde (ss. 60-75). London: Routledge.
  • Benea, D. (2015). Post-postmodernist sensibility in Thomas Pynchon’s Bleeding Edge. British and American Studies, 21, 143-151.
  • Benesch, K. (2020). Is Truth to Post-Truth what Modernism Is to Postmodernism? Heidegger, the Humanities, and the Demise of Common-Sense, European journal of American studies. 15(1), 1-13.
  • Best, S. (2020). The postmodern turn. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Best, S. ve Kellner, D. (1998). Postmodern Teori Eleştirel Soruşturmalar. (M Küçük, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Biro, A. (2016). Denaturalizing ecological politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Boyne, R. ve Rattansi, A. (1990). The Theory and Politics of Postmodernism: By Way of an Introduction. R. Boyne ve A. Rattansi (Ed), Postmodernism and Society içinde (ss. 1-45). London: MacMillan Education.
  • Braidotti, R. (2014). After poststructuralism: Transitions and transformations. London: Routledge.
  • Cassirer, E. (2009). The philosophy of the enlightenment. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691143347/the-philosophy-of-the-enlightenment Son erişim tarihi, 05.01.2022.
  • Chmielewski, A. (2021). Post-Truth and Consequences. M. Gudonis ve B.T. Jones (Ed), History in a Post-Truth World Theory and Praxis içinde (ss. 47-65), New York and London: Routledge.
  • Crilley, R. ve Chatterje-Doody, P. (2019). Security studies in the age of ‘Post-Truth’ politics: In defence of poststructuralism. Critical Studies on Security. 7(2), 166-170.
  • Çalkıvik, A. (2017). Poststructuralism and postmodernism in international relations. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies içinde 12(7), 109-118.
  • Derrida, J. (1976). Of Grammatology. (G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1988). Limited Inc. Northwestern University Press.
  • Dillet, B. (2017). What is poststructuralism? Political Studies Review. 15(4), 516-527.
  • Dolan, F. M. (1994). Allegories of America. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Finlayson, F.A. (Ed), (2019). Politics and post-structuralism: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Fook, J. ve Pease, B. (2016). Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical perspectives. London: Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry. 8(4), 777-795.
  • Fox, N. J. (2014). Post-structuralism and postmodernism. The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of health, illness, behavior and society. Chichester: Wiley.
  • Frost, N. ve Elichaoff, F. (2014). Feminist postmodernism, poststructuralism, and critical theory. Feminist research practice: A primer. 2, 14-42.
  • Gellner, E. (1994). Postmodernizm İslam ve Us. (B. Peker Çev.). Ankara: Ümit Yayıncılık.
  • Habermas, J. (1987). The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hacking, I. (2000). The social construction of what? Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Hales, D. ve Welshon, R. (2000). Nietzsche’s perspectivism. https://philpapers.org/rec/HALNP Son erişim tarihi, 11/03/2022.
  • Harari, Y. N. (2018). Post-truth: Some fake news lasts forever. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. https://philosophiatopics.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/yuval-noah-harari-21-lessons-for-the-21st-century.pdf Son erişim tarihi, 17/01/2022.
  • Hudon, P. A. ve Rouillard, C. (2015). Critical management studies and public administration: Reinterpreting democratic governance using critical theory and poststructuralism. Canadian Public Administration. 58(4), 527-548.
  • Jacobs, T. (2019). Poststructuralist discourse theory as an independent paradigm for studying institutions: Towards a new definition of ‘discursive construction’ in institutional analysis. Contemporary Political Theory. 18(3), 379-401.
  • Jameson, F. (1994). Postmodernizm ya da Geç Kapitalizmin Mantığı. (N. Plümer Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma. (D. Özçetin Çev). İzmir: Delidolu.
  • Kitching, G. (2020). The trouble with theory: The educational costs of postmodernism. London: Routledge.
  • Kuznar, L. A. (2008). Reclaiming a Scientific Anthropology. Lanham, MD: Altamira.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2013). Postmodern Durum. (İ. Birkan Çev.). Ankara: BilgeSu.
  • Mandziuk, R. M. (2019). Feminist politics & postmodern seductions: Madonna & the struggle for political articulation. C. Schwichtenberg (Ed), the Madonna Connection içinde (ss.167-188), London: Routledge.
  • Marzagora, S. (2016). The humanism of reconstruction: African intellectuals, decolonial critical theory and the opposition to the ‘posts’ (postmodernism, poststructuralism, postcolonialism). Journal of African Cultural Studies. 28(2), 161-178.
  • McGowan, J. (2019). Postmodernism and its Critics. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • McIntyre, L. (2019). Hakikat-Sonrası. (M. F. Biçici Çev.). İstanbul: Tellekt.
  • Mercer, K. (2020). Identity and diversity in postmodern politics. L. Back ve J. Solomos (Ed), Theories of race and racism içinde (ss. 577-594). London: Routledge. 577-594.
  • Mills, S. (2003). Michel Foucault. London: Routledge.
  • Moore, S. D. (2017). Gospel Jesuses and Other Nonhumans: Biblical Criticism Post-poststructuralism (Vol. 89). Atlanta: SBL Press.
  • Nabers, D. (2015). A poststructuralist discourse theory of global politics. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Oruç, M. S. (2020). Postmodernite, Siyasal İletişim ve Doğruluk Sorunu: Post-Truth Durum ve Entelektüel Zemini Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 36, 141-160.
  • Peterson, R. T. (2021). Democratic Philosophy and the Politics of Knowledge. Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press.
  • Poster, M. (2019). Critical theory and poststructuralism. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Rosenau, P. M. (1998). Post-Modernizm ve Toplum Bilimleri. (T. Birkan Çev.). Ankara: Ark.
  • Ruitenberg, C. W. (2018). Postmodernism and poststructuralism. A Chinnery vd., (Ed), International handbook of philosophy of education içinde (ss. 689-702). Cham: Springer Verlag.
  • Saar, M. (2018). Critical Theory and Poststructuralism. P. E. Gordon, E. Hammer ve A. Honneth (Eds), The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School içinde (ss. 323-335). London: Routledge.
  • Salleh, A. (2017). Ecofeminism as politics: Nature, Marx and the postmodern. London: Zed Books Ltd.
  • Sarup, M. (1995). Post-Yapısalcılık ve Postmodernizm. (B Güçlü, Çev.). Ankara: Ark.
  • Searle, J. R. (1997). Replies to critics of the construction of social reality. History of the Human Sciences. 10(4), 103-110.
  • Thomassen, L. (2017). Poststructuralism and representation. Political Studies Review. 15(4), 539-550.
  • Wageningen School of Social Sciences (2021). Authoritarian Natures? Political Ecologies of Post-Truth, the State and Social Roptur-3 ECTS. Wageningen University & Research. https://www.wur.nl/en/activity/authoritarian-natures-political-ecologies-of-post-truth-the-state-and-social-ruptures.htm Son erişim tarihi: 11.02.2022.
  • Ward, S. (1997). The Social Production of Postmodern Skepticism. Sociological Focus. 30(3), 247-262.
  • Wesołowski, A. (2021). Pinkersonian Post-Truth History, Ideology, and Postmodernism, M. Gudonis ve B.T. Jones (Ed), History in a Post-Truth World Theory and Praxis içinde (ss. 66-102), New York and London: Routledge.
  • Wolin, S. S. (2016). Postmodern politics and the absence of myth. N. Xenos (Ed), Fugitive Democracy and Other Essays içinde (ss. 316-329), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Woodward, A. (2017). Jean Baudrillard. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/baudrillard/ Son erişim tarihi: 09.04.2023.
  • York, E. (2018). “(Note) Post-Truth and Populism: A Populist Framework for Defending the Truth in a Post-factual Era”, French Journal for Media Research, 9(1-6). http://frenchjournalformediaresearch.com/lodel-1.0/main/index.php?id=1520 Son erişim tarihi: 10.02.2022.

Truth Wars: The Remainder of Postmodern-Poststructuralist Politics

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 742 - 760, 24.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1214949

Öz

The social and political situation, which has been on the agenda of the world for a while and called the ‘post-truth’ period, did not occur in a vacuum. There is a philosophical and intellectual background that makes this possible. There are intense discussions that this philosophical/intellectual background is generally based on postmodern and post-structuralist theoretical arguments and propositions. There is an ongoing debate in academic and political circles as to whether the “post-truth” era is rooted in postmodernist philosophy. This is particularly worrying as these intellectually based policies lead to devastating political, economic, and environmental problems. We live in a “human condition” characterized by authoritarian right-wing populism, the glorification of differences based on identity politics and the tensions it creates, racist and discriminatory discourses, conflicts, and wars. However, the post-truth period also offers an opportunity to learn from its dissolution and decay and return to the Enlightenment’s radicalized ideals. At a time when “post-truth” is so pervasive, it is more important than ever to stand up for and reclaim our commitment to truth.

Kaynakça

  • Ancona, M. (2017). Post-truth: The new war on truth and how to fight back. London: Ebury Press.
  • Angermuller, J. (2017). Neden Fransa’da Postyapısalcılık Yok? Entelektüel Bir Neslin Teşekkülü. (Ö Karlık, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik Yayınları.
  • Appignanesi, R. ve Garratt, C. (2003). Introducing Postmodernism: A Graphic Guide, London: Icon Books Ltd.
  • Aylesworth, G. (2015). “Postmodernism”, The Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy, https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2015/entries/postmodernism/ Son erişim tarihi, 02.01.2022.
  • Balanuye, Ç. (2021). Felsefede Neredeyiz? Yeni bir Etiko-Politiğin Olanağı. B. Özçelik (Ed), Hakikat Sonrası Siyaset, Felsefe, Medya, Uluslararası İlişkiler içinde (ss. 31-42). Ankara: Nika Yayınevi.
  • Baudrillard, J. (2011). Simülakrlar ve Simülasyon (O. Adanır Çev.). Ankara: Doğu Batı Yayınları.
  • Baxter, J. (2016). Positioning language and identity: Poststructuralist perspectives. S. Preece (Ed), The Routledge handbook of language and identity içinde (ss. 60-75). London: Routledge.
  • Benea, D. (2015). Post-postmodernist sensibility in Thomas Pynchon’s Bleeding Edge. British and American Studies, 21, 143-151.
  • Benesch, K. (2020). Is Truth to Post-Truth what Modernism Is to Postmodernism? Heidegger, the Humanities, and the Demise of Common-Sense, European journal of American studies. 15(1), 1-13.
  • Best, S. (2020). The postmodern turn. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited.
  • Best, S. ve Kellner, D. (1998). Postmodern Teori Eleştirel Soruşturmalar. (M Küçük, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Biro, A. (2016). Denaturalizing ecological politics. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
  • Boyne, R. ve Rattansi, A. (1990). The Theory and Politics of Postmodernism: By Way of an Introduction. R. Boyne ve A. Rattansi (Ed), Postmodernism and Society içinde (ss. 1-45). London: MacMillan Education.
  • Braidotti, R. (2014). After poststructuralism: Transitions and transformations. London: Routledge.
  • Cassirer, E. (2009). The philosophy of the enlightenment. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691143347/the-philosophy-of-the-enlightenment Son erişim tarihi, 05.01.2022.
  • Chmielewski, A. (2021). Post-Truth and Consequences. M. Gudonis ve B.T. Jones (Ed), History in a Post-Truth World Theory and Praxis içinde (ss. 47-65), New York and London: Routledge.
  • Crilley, R. ve Chatterje-Doody, P. (2019). Security studies in the age of ‘Post-Truth’ politics: In defence of poststructuralism. Critical Studies on Security. 7(2), 166-170.
  • Çalkıvik, A. (2017). Poststructuralism and postmodernism in international relations. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of International Studies içinde 12(7), 109-118.
  • Derrida, J. (1976). Of Grammatology. (G. C. Spivak, Trans.). Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Derrida, J. (1988). Limited Inc. Northwestern University Press.
  • Dillet, B. (2017). What is poststructuralism? Political Studies Review. 15(4), 516-527.
  • Dolan, F. M. (1994). Allegories of America. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
  • Finlayson, F.A. (Ed), (2019). Politics and post-structuralism: An introduction. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
  • Fook, J. ve Pease, B. (2016). Transforming social work practice: Postmodern critical perspectives. London: Routledge.
  • Foucault, M. (1982). The Subject and Power. Critical Inquiry. 8(4), 777-795.
  • Fox, N. J. (2014). Post-structuralism and postmodernism. The Wiley-Blackwell encyclopedia of health, illness, behavior and society. Chichester: Wiley.
  • Frost, N. ve Elichaoff, F. (2014). Feminist postmodernism, poststructuralism, and critical theory. Feminist research practice: A primer. 2, 14-42.
  • Gellner, E. (1994). Postmodernizm İslam ve Us. (B. Peker Çev.). Ankara: Ümit Yayıncılık.
  • Habermas, J. (1987). The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Hacking, I. (2000). The social construction of what? Harvard: Harvard University Press.
  • Hales, D. ve Welshon, R. (2000). Nietzsche’s perspectivism. https://philpapers.org/rec/HALNP Son erişim tarihi, 11/03/2022.
  • Harari, Y. N. (2018). Post-truth: Some fake news lasts forever. 21 Lessons for the 21st Century. https://philosophiatopics.files.wordpress.com/2018/09/yuval-noah-harari-21-lessons-for-the-21st-century.pdf Son erişim tarihi, 17/01/2022.
  • Hudon, P. A. ve Rouillard, C. (2015). Critical management studies and public administration: Reinterpreting democratic governance using critical theory and poststructuralism. Canadian Public Administration. 58(4), 527-548.
  • Jacobs, T. (2019). Poststructuralist discourse theory as an independent paradigm for studying institutions: Towards a new definition of ‘discursive construction’ in institutional analysis. Contemporary Political Theory. 18(3), 379-401.
  • Jameson, F. (1994). Postmodernizm ya da Geç Kapitalizmin Mantığı. (N. Plümer Çev.). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Keyes, R. (2017). Hakikat Sonrası Çağ Günümüz Dünyasında Yalancılık ve Aldatma. (D. Özçetin Çev). İzmir: Delidolu.
  • Kitching, G. (2020). The trouble with theory: The educational costs of postmodernism. London: Routledge.
  • Kuznar, L. A. (2008). Reclaiming a Scientific Anthropology. Lanham, MD: Altamira.
  • Lyotard, J. F. (2013). Postmodern Durum. (İ. Birkan Çev.). Ankara: BilgeSu.
  • Mandziuk, R. M. (2019). Feminist politics & postmodern seductions: Madonna & the struggle for political articulation. C. Schwichtenberg (Ed), the Madonna Connection içinde (ss.167-188), London: Routledge.
  • Marzagora, S. (2016). The humanism of reconstruction: African intellectuals, decolonial critical theory and the opposition to the ‘posts’ (postmodernism, poststructuralism, postcolonialism). Journal of African Cultural Studies. 28(2), 161-178.
  • McGowan, J. (2019). Postmodernism and its Critics. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.
  • McIntyre, L. (2019). Hakikat-Sonrası. (M. F. Biçici Çev.). İstanbul: Tellekt.
  • Mercer, K. (2020). Identity and diversity in postmodern politics. L. Back ve J. Solomos (Ed), Theories of race and racism içinde (ss. 577-594). London: Routledge. 577-594.
  • Mills, S. (2003). Michel Foucault. London: Routledge.
  • Moore, S. D. (2017). Gospel Jesuses and Other Nonhumans: Biblical Criticism Post-poststructuralism (Vol. 89). Atlanta: SBL Press.
  • Nabers, D. (2015). A poststructuralist discourse theory of global politics. Switzerland: Springer.
  • Oruç, M. S. (2020). Postmodernite, Siyasal İletişim ve Doğruluk Sorunu: Post-Truth Durum ve Entelektüel Zemini Üzerine Bir İnceleme. Türkiye İletişim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 36, 141-160.
  • Peterson, R. T. (2021). Democratic Philosophy and the Politics of Knowledge. Pennsylvania: Penn State University Press.
  • Poster, M. (2019). Critical theory and poststructuralism. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Rosenau, P. M. (1998). Post-Modernizm ve Toplum Bilimleri. (T. Birkan Çev.). Ankara: Ark.
  • Ruitenberg, C. W. (2018). Postmodernism and poststructuralism. A Chinnery vd., (Ed), International handbook of philosophy of education içinde (ss. 689-702). Cham: Springer Verlag.
  • Saar, M. (2018). Critical Theory and Poststructuralism. P. E. Gordon, E. Hammer ve A. Honneth (Eds), The Routledge Companion to the Frankfurt School içinde (ss. 323-335). London: Routledge.
  • Salleh, A. (2017). Ecofeminism as politics: Nature, Marx and the postmodern. London: Zed Books Ltd.
  • Sarup, M. (1995). Post-Yapısalcılık ve Postmodernizm. (B Güçlü, Çev.). Ankara: Ark.
  • Searle, J. R. (1997). Replies to critics of the construction of social reality. History of the Human Sciences. 10(4), 103-110.
  • Thomassen, L. (2017). Poststructuralism and representation. Political Studies Review. 15(4), 539-550.
  • Wageningen School of Social Sciences (2021). Authoritarian Natures? Political Ecologies of Post-Truth, the State and Social Roptur-3 ECTS. Wageningen University & Research. https://www.wur.nl/en/activity/authoritarian-natures-political-ecologies-of-post-truth-the-state-and-social-ruptures.htm Son erişim tarihi: 11.02.2022.
  • Ward, S. (1997). The Social Production of Postmodern Skepticism. Sociological Focus. 30(3), 247-262.
  • Wesołowski, A. (2021). Pinkersonian Post-Truth History, Ideology, and Postmodernism, M. Gudonis ve B.T. Jones (Ed), History in a Post-Truth World Theory and Praxis içinde (ss. 66-102), New York and London: Routledge.
  • Wolin, S. S. (2016). Postmodern politics and the absence of myth. N. Xenos (Ed), Fugitive Democracy and Other Essays içinde (ss. 316-329), Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Woodward, A. (2017). Jean Baudrillard. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/baudrillard/ Son erişim tarihi: 09.04.2023.
  • York, E. (2018). “(Note) Post-Truth and Populism: A Populist Framework for Defending the Truth in a Post-factual Era”, French Journal for Media Research, 9(1-6). http://frenchjournalformediaresearch.com/lodel-1.0/main/index.php?id=1520 Son erişim tarihi: 10.02.2022.
Toplam 63 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Sosyolojisi
Bölüm Sosyoloji
Yazarlar

Yaşar Suveren 0000-0002-8464-0368

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 5 Aralık 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Suveren, Y. (2023). Hakikat Savaşları: Postmodern-Postyapısalcı Siyasetin Bakiyesi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 25(2), 742-760. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1214949