The Relationship Between Family Planning Attitude and, Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 among in Women of Reproductive Age During the Pandemic Process

Mahsa Tamaddon; Serpil Özdemir

doi:10.46237/amusbfd.1221411

Araştırma Makalesi

Pandemi Sürecinde, Üreme Çağındaki Kadınlarda Aile Planlaması Tutumu ile COVID-19 Korkusu ve Algılanan COVID-19 Riski Arasındaki İlişki

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 353 - 368, 31.05.2023

Mahsa Tamaddon Serpil Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1221411

Öz

Amaç: Pandemi sürecinde küresel olarak aile planlaması hizmetlerinin sürüdürülmesinde ve bu hizmetlere erişimde aksaklıklar meydana gelmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, pandemi sürecinde üreme çağındaki kadınlarda aile planlaması tutumu ile COVID-19 korkusu ve algılanan COVID-19 riski arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Kesitsel tipte olan bu çalışma, 01-14 Aralık 2021 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde 423 kadın ile yüz yüze uygulandı. Veriler “Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Aile Planlamasına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği ve Algılanan COVID-19 Riski Ölçeği” ile toplandı.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 36.75±7.56’dır. Pandemi döneminde, katılımcıların %5.4’ü plansız gebelik ve %5.7’si düşük deneyimlediğini belirtti. Katılımcıların Aile Planlama Yöntemlerine İlişkin Tutumlar alt ölçek toplam puanı ile COVID-19 Korkusu Ölçeği toplam puanı arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı negatif yönde ve zayıf bir korelasyon olduğu bulundu (r=-0.143; p=0.003). Aile Planlamasına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği toplam puanı ile Algılanan COVID-19 Riski Ölçeği Duygusal alt ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı negatif yönde ve zayıf bir korelasyon olduğu saptandı (r=-0.131; p=0.007).
Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda, pandemi sürecinde kadınların istenmeyen gebelik ve düşük deneyimlediği, bu dönemde en sık kullanılan yöntemin geri çekme olduğu dikkate alındığında, pandemi sürecinde karşılanmamış aile planlaması gereksiniminin olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aile Planlaması, COVID-19, Korku, Risk, Kadın Sağlığı

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

1. Şenoğlu A., Çoban A., Karaçam Z. (2019). İstenmeyen gebelikler ve isteyerek yapılan düşüklerin değerlendirilmesi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg, 28(4), 300-5.
2. Starrs, A. M., Ezeh, A. C., Barker, G., Basu, A., Bertrand, J. T., Blum, R., et al. (2018). Accelerate progress-sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the guttmacher. The Lancet, 391(10140), 2642-2692.
3. Pfitzer A., Lathrop E., Bodenheimer A., RamaRao S., Christofield M., MacDonald P., et al. (2020). Opportunities and challenges of delivering postabortion care and postpartum family planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Heal Sci Pract, 8(3), 335-43.
4. Dönmez A., Çoban A. Ö., Canbay F. Ç. (2016). Unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions of solution the role midwife’s. TAF Prev Med Bull, 15(5), 450-7.
5. WHO. (2019). World health statistics 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Vol. 52, 1-132 p..
6. WHO. (2020). Family Planning / contraception methods. Available from:https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception (Date of access:05/09/2021).
7. World Health Organization. (2019). High rates of unintended pregnancies linked to gaps in family planning services: New WHO study. Geneva: WHO, Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/25-10- 2019-high-rates-of-unintended-pregnancies-linked-to-gaps-in-family-planning-services-new-who- study. (Date of access: 05 December 2021).
8. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. (2018). Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Unintended pregnancy. U.S. department of health & human services press, Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/unintendedpregnancy/index.htm(Date of access: 28 October 2021).
10. Hussein, J. (2020). COVID-19: What implications for sexual and reproductive health and rights globally? Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28(1), 1-3.
11. Kumar, M., Daly, M., Plecker, E. D., Jamet, C., McRae, M., Markham, A., et al. (2020). Now is the time: a call for increased access to contraception and safe abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Global Health, 5(7), e003175.
12. Serhatlioğlu, S., Göncü, N. (2020). COVID-19 ve aile planlamasi hizmetlerine yansımaları. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 184-191.
13. Cori, L., Bianchi, F., Cadum, E., Anthonj, C. (2020). Risk perception and COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3114.
14. Yıldırım, M., Güler, A. (2020). Factor analysis of the COVID-19 perceived risk scale: A preliminary study. Death Studies, 46(5), 1065-1072.
15. Yıldırım, M., Geçer, E., Akgül, Ö. (2021). The impacts of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours against COVID-19. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 26(1), 35-43.
16. Ferreira-Filho, E. S., de Melo, N. R., Sorpreso, I. C. E., Bahamondes, L., Simões, R. D. S., Soares-Júnior, J. M., et al. (2020). Contraception and reproductive planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 13(6), 615-622.
17. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO director general’s opening remarks at the closing event global safe abortion dialogue. Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who- director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-closing-event---global-safe-abortion-dialogue. (Date of access 25 October 2021).
18. Riley, T., Sully, E., Ahmed, Z., Biddlecom, A. (2020). Estimates of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health in low-and middle-income countries. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46(2), 73-76.
19. World Health Organization. (2020). Maintaining essential health services: operational guidance for the COVID-19 context. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV essential_health_services-2020.2. (Date of access 23 October 2021).
20. The United Nations Population Fund Asia and Pacific Regional Office. (2020). Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) guidance document. Available from: https://china.unfpa.org/en/publications/200206001?page=4 (Date of access 5 October 2021).
21. Lindberg, L. D., Vusse, A. V., Mueller, J., Kirstein, M. (2020). Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the 2020 Guttmacher survey of reproductive health experiences. New York: Guttmacher Institute Press, Available from: https://www.guttmacher.org/report/early-impacts-covid-19-pandemic- findings-2020-guttmacher-survey-reproductive-health (Date of access 5 October 2021).
22. Dal, N. A., Beydağ, K. D. (2021). Attitudes of married muslim women regarding family planning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3394-3405.
23. Yuksel, B., Ozgor, F. (2020). Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet,150(1), 98-102.
24. Okyay, P., Günay, T. (2021). Pandemi dönemlerinde cinsel sağlik ve üreme sağliği hizmetleri: toplum temelli hizmetler için rehber. İstanbul: Cinsel Sağlık ve Üreme Sağlığı Hakları Platformu adına Türkiye Aile Sağlığı ve Planlaması Vakfı.
25. Örsal, Ö., Kubilay, G. (2007). Aile planlamasi tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. İ.Ü.F.N. Hem. Derg, 15(60), 155- 164.
26. Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 1980-1988.
27. Colak, E., Orsal, O., Orsal, O., Gıray, S. (2012). Use of effective contraceptıve methods by married Turkish women: A receiver operating characterıstıc analysis. Social Behavior and Peronality an İnternatıonal Jurnal, 40(5), 829-842.
28. Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1537-1545.
29. Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Karamouzi1, P., Voitsidis1, P., Porfyri1, G. N., et al. (2020). Mental health screening for COVID-19: a proposed cutoff score for the greek version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(2), 907-920.
30. Guery, R., Delaye, C., Brule, N., Nael, V., Castain, L., Raffi, F., et al. (2020). Limited effectiveness of systematic screening by nasopharyngeal rt-pcr of medicalized nursing home staff after a first case of COVID-19 in a resident. Med Mal Infect, 50(8), 746-760.
31. Brug, J., Aro, A. R., Oenema, A., de Zwart, O., Richardus, J. H., Bishop, G. D. (2004). SARS risk perception, knowledge, precautions, and information sources, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis, 10(8), 1486-1489.
32. Muhtaroğlu, P. (2019). Trakya üniversitesi tıp fakültesi hastanesi kadın hastalıkları-doğum polikliniği ve servisine başvuran 16–49 yaş aralığındaki evli kadınların aile planlamasına karşı tutumlarının karşılaştırılması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilileri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kırklareli.
33. Tezel, A., Gönenç, İ. M., Akgün, Ş., Karataş, D. Ö., Yıldız, T. A. (2015). Kadınların aile planlamasına yönelik tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 18(3), 3-10
34. Ejder Apay S., Nazik E., Özdemir F., Pasinlioğlu T. (2010). Kadınların ai̇le planlaması ı̇li̇şki̇n tutumlarını beli̇rlenmesi̇. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg, 13(3),1-8.
35. Gözükara F., Kabalcıoğlu F., Ersin F. (2015). Şanlıurfa ilinde kadınların aile planlamasına ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Derg, 12(1), 9-16.
36. Bekele D., Surur F., Nigatu B., Teklu A., Getinet T., Kassa M., et al. (2020). Knowledge and attitude towards family planning among women of reproductive age in emerging regions of ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc, 13, 1463-74.
37. Ayaz, S., Efe, Ş. Y. (2009). Family planning attitudes of women and affecting factors. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecology Association, 10(3),137-41.
38. Eryılmaz N., Ege E. (2016). Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların aile planlaması konusundaki tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler. J Hum Sci, 13(2), 3389-401.
39. Gürel R., Yılmaz D. V. (2018). Examining the attitude towards family planning of women with disability in turkey. Sex Disabil, 36(3), 265-75.
40. Luo, F., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., Dalvand, S., Saedmoucheshi, S., Li, Q. (2021). Systematic review and meta- analysis of fear of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(661078), 1-11.
41. Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Int J Ment Health Addict, 19(6), 2369-2382.
42. Abdel Wahed W. Y., Hefzy E. M., Ahmed M. I., Hamed N. S. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and perception of health care workers regarding covıd-19, a cross-sectional study from Egypt. J Community Health, 45(6), 1242-51.
43. Gorini, A., Fiabane, E., Sommaruga, M., Barbieri, S., Sottotetti, F., La Rovere, M. T. (2020). Mental health and risk perception among Italian healthcare workers during the second month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 34(6), 537-44
44. Samadipour E., Ghardashi F., Zardosht R., Borzoee F., Navipour E. (2020). Assessment the risk perception of health care workers of Covid-19 disease. Research Square, 1-17.
45. Schneider C. R., Dryhurst S., Kerr J., Freeman A. L. J, Recchia G., Spiegelhalter D., et al. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception: A longitudinal analysis of ıts predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom. J Risk Res, 24(3-4), 294-313.
46. Yaman Uzumcu, L. & Ozdemir, S. (2022) The relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID -19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study’, Journal of Nursing Science, 5(3), 158-168.

The Relationship Between Family Planning Attitude and, Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 among in Women of Reproductive Age During the Pandemic Process

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2, 353 - 368, 31.05.2023

Mahsa Tamaddon Serpil Özdemir

https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1221411

Öz

Objective: There were interruptions in the maintenance and access to family planning services globally during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the Family Planning attitude and the fear and the perceived risk of COVID-19 in women of reproductive age during the pandemic process.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted face-to-face with 423 women in a training and research hospital between 01 and 14 December 2021. Data was collected with “Personal Information Form, Attitude towards Family Planning Scale, Fear COVID-19 Scale and COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale”.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 36.75±7.56. During the pandemic period, 5.4% of the participants stated that they had experienced unplanned pregnancy and 5.7% experienced miscarriage. There was found a statistically significant negative and weak correlation (r=-0.143; p=0.003) between the Participants' Attitudes Towards Family Planning Methods subscale total score and the Fear COVID-19 Scale total score. It was detected that a statistically significant negative correlation between the total score of the Attitudes Towards Family Planning Scale total score and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale Emotional subscale total score (r=-0.131; p=0.007).
Conclusion: As a result of the study, it is thought that there is an unmet need for family planning during the pandemic process, considering that women experience unwanted pregnancy and miscarriage during the pandemic process, and coitus interruptus is the most frequently used in this period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Family Planning, COVID-19, Fear, Risk, Women Health

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

1. Şenoğlu A., Çoban A., Karaçam Z. (2019). İstenmeyen gebelikler ve isteyerek yapılan düşüklerin değerlendirilmesi. Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Derg, 28(4), 300-5.
2. Starrs, A. M., Ezeh, A. C., Barker, G., Basu, A., Bertrand, J. T., Blum, R., et al. (2018). Accelerate progress-sexual and reproductive health and rights for all: report of the guttmacher. The Lancet, 391(10140), 2642-2692.
3. Pfitzer A., Lathrop E., Bodenheimer A., RamaRao S., Christofield M., MacDonald P., et al. (2020). Opportunities and challenges of delivering postabortion care and postpartum family planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Glob Heal Sci Pract, 8(3), 335-43.
4. Dönmez A., Çoban A. Ö., Canbay F. Ç. (2016). Unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortions of solution the role midwife’s. TAF Prev Med Bull, 15(5), 450-7.
5. WHO. (2019). World health statistics 2019: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Vol. 52, 1-132 p..
6. WHO. (2020). Family Planning / contraception methods. Available from:https://www.who.int/news- room/fact-sheets/detail/family-planning-contraception (Date of access:05/09/2021).
7. World Health Organization. (2019). High rates of unintended pregnancies linked to gaps in family planning services: New WHO study. Geneva: WHO, Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/25-10- 2019-high-rates-of-unintended-pregnancies-linked-to-gaps-in-family-planning-services-new-who- study. (Date of access: 05 December 2021).
8. Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. (2018). Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü.
9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019). Unintended pregnancy. U.S. department of health & human services press, Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/contraception/unintendedpregnancy/index.htm(Date of access: 28 October 2021).
10. Hussein, J. (2020). COVID-19: What implications for sexual and reproductive health and rights globally? Sexual and Reproductive Health Matters, 28(1), 1-3.
11. Kumar, M., Daly, M., Plecker, E. D., Jamet, C., McRae, M., Markham, A., et al. (2020). Now is the time: a call for increased access to contraception and safe abortion care during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ Global Health, 5(7), e003175.
12. Serhatlioğlu, S., Göncü, N. (2020). COVID-19 ve aile planlamasi hizmetlerine yansımaları. Bandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 184-191.
13. Cori, L., Bianchi, F., Cadum, E., Anthonj, C. (2020). Risk perception and COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3114.
14. Yıldırım, M., Güler, A. (2020). Factor analysis of the COVID-19 perceived risk scale: A preliminary study. Death Studies, 46(5), 1065-1072.
15. Yıldırım, M., Geçer, E., Akgül, Ö. (2021). The impacts of vulnerability, perceived risk, and fear on preventive behaviours against COVID-19. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 26(1), 35-43.
16. Ferreira-Filho, E. S., de Melo, N. R., Sorpreso, I. C. E., Bahamondes, L., Simões, R. D. S., Soares-Júnior, J. M., et al. (2020). Contraception and reproductive planning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 13(6), 615-622.
17. World Health Organization. (2021). WHO director general’s opening remarks at the closing event global safe abortion dialogue. Available from: https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who- director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-closing-event---global-safe-abortion-dialogue. (Date of access 25 October 2021).
18. Riley, T., Sully, E., Ahmed, Z., Biddlecom, A. (2020). Estimates of the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sexual and reproductive health in low-and middle-income countries. International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 46(2), 73-76.
19. World Health Organization. (2020). Maintaining essential health services: operational guidance for the COVID-19 context. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV essential_health_services-2020.2. (Date of access 23 October 2021).
20. The United Nations Population Fund Asia and Pacific Regional Office. (2020). Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) guidance document. Available from: https://china.unfpa.org/en/publications/200206001?page=4 (Date of access 5 October 2021).
21. Lindberg, L. D., Vusse, A. V., Mueller, J., Kirstein, M. (2020). Early impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from the 2020 Guttmacher survey of reproductive health experiences. New York: Guttmacher Institute Press, Available from: https://www.guttmacher.org/report/early-impacts-covid-19-pandemic- findings-2020-guttmacher-survey-reproductive-health (Date of access 5 October 2021).
22. Dal, N. A., Beydağ, K. D. (2021). Attitudes of married muslim women regarding family planning methods during the COVID-19 pandemic in western Turkey. Journal of Religion and Health, 60(5), 3394-3405.
23. Yuksel, B., Ozgor, F. (2020). Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet,150(1), 98-102.
24. Okyay, P., Günay, T. (2021). Pandemi dönemlerinde cinsel sağlik ve üreme sağliği hizmetleri: toplum temelli hizmetler için rehber. İstanbul: Cinsel Sağlık ve Üreme Sağlığı Hakları Platformu adına Türkiye Aile Sağlığı ve Planlaması Vakfı.
25. Örsal, Ö., Kubilay, G. (2007). Aile planlamasi tutum ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. İ.Ü.F.N. Hem. Derg, 15(60), 155- 164.
26. Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., Satici, S. A. (2020). Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: Its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 19(6), 1980-1988.
27. Colak, E., Orsal, O., Orsal, O., Gıray, S. (2012). Use of effective contraceptıve methods by married Turkish women: A receiver operating characterıstıc analysis. Social Behavior and Peronality an İnternatıonal Jurnal, 40(5), 829-842.
28. Ahorsu, D. K., Lin, C. Y., Imani, V., Saffari, M., Griffiths, M. D., Pakpour, A. H. (2020). The fear of COVID-19 scale: Development and initial validation. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(3), 1537-1545.
29. Nikopoulou, V. A., Holeva, V., Parlapani, E., Karamouzi1, P., Voitsidis1, P., Porfyri1, G. N., et al. (2020). Mental health screening for COVID-19: a proposed cutoff score for the greek version of the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19S). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 20(2), 907-920.
30. Guery, R., Delaye, C., Brule, N., Nael, V., Castain, L., Raffi, F., et al. (2020). Limited effectiveness of systematic screening by nasopharyngeal rt-pcr of medicalized nursing home staff after a first case of COVID-19 in a resident. Med Mal Infect, 50(8), 746-760.
31. Brug, J., Aro, A. R., Oenema, A., de Zwart, O., Richardus, J. H., Bishop, G. D. (2004). SARS risk perception, knowledge, precautions, and information sources, the Netherlands. Emerg Infect Dis, 10(8), 1486-1489.
32. Muhtaroğlu, P. (2019). Trakya üniversitesi tıp fakültesi hastanesi kadın hastalıkları-doğum polikliniği ve servisine başvuran 16–49 yaş aralığındaki evli kadınların aile planlamasına karşı tutumlarının karşılaştırılması. Kırklareli Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilileri Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kırklareli.
33. Tezel, A., Gönenç, İ. M., Akgün, Ş., Karataş, D. Ö., Yıldız, T. A. (2015). Kadınların aile planlamasına yönelik tutumları ve etkileyen faktörler. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 18(3), 3-10
34. Ejder Apay S., Nazik E., Özdemir F., Pasinlioğlu T. (2010). Kadınların ai̇le planlaması ı̇li̇şki̇n tutumlarını beli̇rlenmesi̇. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilim Derg, 13(3),1-8.
35. Gözükara F., Kabalcıoğlu F., Ersin F. (2015). Şanlıurfa ilinde kadınların aile planlamasına ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Derg, 12(1), 9-16.
36. Bekele D., Surur F., Nigatu B., Teklu A., Getinet T., Kassa M., et al. (2020). Knowledge and attitude towards family planning among women of reproductive age in emerging regions of ethiopia. J Multidiscip Healthc, 13, 1463-74.
37. Ayaz, S., Efe, Ş. Y. (2009). Family planning attitudes of women and affecting factors. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecology Association, 10(3),137-41.
38. Eryılmaz N., Ege E. (2016). Doğum sonu dönemdeki kadınların aile planlaması konusundaki tutumları ve ilişkili faktörler. J Hum Sci, 13(2), 3389-401.
39. Gürel R., Yılmaz D. V. (2018). Examining the attitude towards family planning of women with disability in turkey. Sex Disabil, 36(3), 265-75.
40. Luo, F., Ghanei Gheshlagh, R., Dalvand, S., Saedmoucheshi, S., Li, Q. (2021). Systematic review and meta- analysis of fear of COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(661078), 1-11.
41. Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., Ercan, H. (2021). Fear of COVID-19 and Positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. Int J Ment Health Addict, 19(6), 2369-2382.
42. Abdel Wahed W. Y., Hefzy E. M., Ahmed M. I., Hamed N. S. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and perception of health care workers regarding covıd-19, a cross-sectional study from Egypt. J Community Health, 45(6), 1242-51.
43. Gorini, A., Fiabane, E., Sommaruga, M., Barbieri, S., Sottotetti, F., La Rovere, M. T. (2020). Mental health and risk perception among Italian healthcare workers during the second month of the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Psychiatr Nurs, 34(6), 537-44
44. Samadipour E., Ghardashi F., Zardosht R., Borzoee F., Navipour E. (2020). Assessment the risk perception of health care workers of Covid-19 disease. Research Square, 1-17.
45. Schneider C. R., Dryhurst S., Kerr J., Freeman A. L. J, Recchia G., Spiegelhalter D., et al. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception: A longitudinal analysis of ıts predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom. J Risk Res, 24(3-4), 294-313.
46. Yaman Uzumcu, L. & Ozdemir, S. (2022) The relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID -19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic: a cross-sectional study’, Journal of Nursing Science, 5(3), 158-168.

Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil	İngilizce
Konular	Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm	Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar	Mahsa Tamaddon 0000-0001-8269-4760 Serpil Özdemir 0000-0003-0952-3337
Proje Numarası	yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi	31 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı	Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA	Tamaddon, M., & Özdemir, S. (2023). The Relationship Between Family Planning Attitude and, Fear of COVID-19 and Perceived Risk of COVID-19 among in Women of Reproductive Age During the Pandemic Process. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(2), 353-368. https://doi.org/10.46237/amusbfd.1221411

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