Öz
Although there is a lot of scientific evidence that animals can feel the coming of the earthquake and that their organisms have undergone profound behavior and physiological changes before and after the earthquake, these studies have always been controversial. Existing data on abnormal animal behavior before the earthquake, with the exception of individual events, is still insufficient. Behavior change that occurs a few days or weeks prior to the earthquake is more rare. These are known to be exhibited by fish, rodents, wolves and snakes. The studies hypothesis that frog B. bufo can predict large seismic events and adjust its behavior accordingly. Before the earthquake, insulin sensitivity and stress levels were measured by chance in rats that were part of another study. Some biochemical changes were detected by chance before the earthquake. Defects in insulin stimulation and a decrease in glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue have been found, and insulin sensitivity has been shown to decrease. These changes have been associated with significantly increased plasma corticosterone concentration and high HSD11B1 mRNA expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. An increase in insulin resistance may be attributed to systemic stress. Realizing that food intake in rats showed a sudden increase two days before the earthquake and reached its peak on the day of the earthquake, the researchers said that the increase in stress level in rats revealed the possibility of exposure to physiological changes before the earthquake and ultimately leading to an increase in food intake and IR. Another three-year-old study, study, in a seismically active area, two red ant mounds were monitored 24/7 with color, high-resolution infrared sensor cameras, and the standard daily life of ants was examined with 45000 hours of video recordings. Video observations and times of local earthquakes have shown a change in the behavior of ants before the earthquake. Night rest and daily activity were suppressed and their routine life did not last until the next day. Despite the successful experiments, it is necessary to observe ants or other animals' behavior in longer earthquake-free times as early earthquake stimuli. Serious studies on animal experiments are needed to predict time of earthquake.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anon, (2013).Italy – Hundreds of dead mice found in earthquake area http://iceagenow.info/2012/06/italy-hundreds-deadmice-earthquake-area/ (Erişim tarihi: 27 Mayıs 2013).
- Berberich G, Berberich M, Grumpe A, Wöhler C, Schreiber U. (2013). Early results of three-year monitoring of red wood ants' behavioral changes and their possible correlation with earthquake events. Animals (Basel). 3(1):63-84. 143 dergipark.gov.tr/avrasyasbd Mert
- Bluestone JR. (2010).Why the earth Shakes: Pre-modern understanding and modern earthquake science. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
- Brace WF, Paulding BW, Jr Scholz C. (1966). Dilatancy in the fracture of crystalline rocks. J. Geophys. Res, 71, 3939– 3953.
- Evernden, JF.(1977). Abnormal animal behaviour prior to earthquakes, Proc. Conference I, Menlo Park.
- Freund F, Stolc V. (2013). Nature of pre-earthquake phenomena and their effects on living organisms, Animals, 3, 513-531.
- Freund FT. (2010). Toward a unified solid state theory for preearthquake signals. Acta Geophys. 58, 719–766
- Ganguly ND. (2009). Variation in atmospheric ozone concentration following strong earthquakes. Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 349–356
- Grant RA, Conlan H. (2013). Article frog swarms: earthquake precursors or false alarms? Animals, 3, 962-977.
- Grant RA, Halliday T, Bladerer WP, Leuenberger F, Newcomer M, Cyr G, Freund FT. (2011). Ground water chemistry changes before major earthquakes and possible effects on animals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8, 1936–1956.
- Kotelevtsev Y, Holmes MC, Burchell A, Houston PM, Schmoll D, Jamieson P, Best R, Brown R, Edwards CR, Seckl JR, Mullins JJ. (1997).11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice showattenuated glucocorticoidinducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA;94:14924 – 9
- Krasnogorskaya NV, Protasov VR, Kharybin EV. et al.(1984). Living-systems on the service of earthquake prediction, in Electromagnetic Fields in Biosphere I "Nauka', Moscow, pp. 315-325
- Krueger AP, Reed EJ. (1976).Biological impact of small air ions. Science , 193, 1209–1213.
- Lee WHK, Ando, M, Kautz WH. (1976). A Summary of the Literature on Unusual Animal Behavior BeforeEarthquakes." In Abnormal Animal Behavior Prior to Earthquakes. J.F.Evernden (ed.), National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, USGS,Menlo Park, CA, 23–24, 15–54.
- Lloyd D, Murray DB. (2006). The temporal architecture of eukaryotic growth. FEBS Lett. 580, 2830–2865.
- Logan, JM. (1977) .Animal behaviour and earthquake prediction. Nature, 265, 404–405
- Lu-Lu Chen, Xiang Hu, Juan Zheng, Hao-Hao Zhang, Wen Kong, Wei-Hong Yang, Tian-Shu Zeng, Jiao-Yue Zhang ,Ling Yue. (2010) .
- Increases in energy intake, insulin resistance and stress in rats before Wenchuan earthquake far from the epicenter Experimental Biology and Medicine; 235: 1216
- Nakamoto RK, Baylis Scanlon JA, Al-Shawi MK. (2008). The rotary mechanism of the atp in synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 476, 43–50.
- Nikonov AA. (1991). Destructive historical earthquakes in Soviet Armenia, Tectonophysics 193,225- 229.
- Nikonov AA.(1981). Abnormal animal behaviour as earthquake precursors, 'VINITI', Moscow, Dep. 4316-81, 54 Ritz T. (2011) Quantum effects in biology: Bird navigation. Proc. Chem., 3, 262–275
- Turcotte,DL. (1991) Earthquake prediction. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 19, 263–281
- Tyrtyshinikov AV. (1996).The variations of ozone content in the atmosphere above strong earthquake epicenter. Phys. Solid Earth, 31, 789–794.
- Ulomov VI, Mavashev BZ. (1971). The Tashkent Earthquake of 26April, 1966. Acad. Nauk. Uzbek SSR FAN, 188-192.
- Varon J, Marik PE. (1997).Carbon monoxide poisoning. Int. J. Emerg. Intens. Care Med., 1, doi: 10.5580/1943.
Öz
Hayvanların depremin geldiğini hissedebildiğini ve organizmalarının deprem öncesi ve sonrası döneminde derin davranış ve fizyolojik değişikliklere uğradığını gösteren birçok bilimsel kanıt olmasına rağmen bu çalışmalar her zaman tartışmalar doğurmuştur. Bireysel olaylar haricinde deprem öncesi anormal hayvan davranışları hakkında mevcut veriler hala yetersizdir. Deprem öncesinde birkaç gün veya hafta meydana gelen davranış daha nadirdir. Bunları balıkların, kemirgenlerin, kurtların ve yılanların sergilendiği bilinmektedir. Çalışmalarda kurbağa B. bufo’nun büyük sismik olayları tahmin edebileceği ve davranışını buna göre ayarlayabileceği hipotezi kurulmuştur. Deprem olmadan önce, başka bir çalışmanın parçası olan sıçanlarda insülin duyarlılığı ve stres seviyesi tesadüfen ölçülmüştür. Tesadüfi olarak deprem öncesi bazı biyokimyasal değişimler saptanmıştır. İnsülin uyarımında kusurlar ve iskelet kası ve yağ dokusunda glikoz alımında bir düşüş tespit edilmiş, insülin duyarlılığının azaldığı gösterilmiştir. Bu değişiklikler, iskelet kası ve adipoz dokuda önemli ölçüde artmış plazma kortikosteron konsantrasyonu ve yüksek HSD11B1 mRNA ekspresyonu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. İnsülin direncindeki (IR) artış sistemik strese bağlanabilir. Sıçanlardaki gıda alımının depremden iki gün önce ani bir artış gösterdiğini ve depremin oluştuğu gün zirveye ulaştığını fark eden araştırıcılar, sıçanların, stres seviyesindeki artışın deprem öncesi oluşan fizyolojik değişikliklere maruz kalma ve sonuçta gıda alımı ve IR'de artışa yol açma ihtimalini ortaya koyduğunu söylemişledir. Üç yıl boyunca, sismik olarak aktif bulunan bir bölgede, iki kırmızı karınca höyüğü, renkli, yüksek çözünürlüklü bir kızılötesi sensör kameralarla 7/24 izlenmiş, 45000 saat video kayıtlarıyla karıncaların standart günlük yaşamı incelenmiştir, Video gözlemleri ve yerel depremlerin meydana gelme zamanları, karıncaların depremden önceki davranış saatlerinde bir değişiklik olduğunu göstermiştir. Gece istirahati ve günlük aktivite bastırılmış ve rutin yaşamları ertesi güne kadar devam etmemiştir. Elde edilen başarılı denemelere rağmen erken deprem uyarıcıları olarak, karıncaların veya başka hayvanları davranışlarının daha uzun süreli depremsiz zamanlarda gözlemlemek gereklidir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anon, (2013).Italy – Hundreds of dead mice found in earthquake area http://iceagenow.info/2012/06/italy-hundreds-deadmice-earthquake-area/ (Erişim tarihi: 27 Mayıs 2013).
- Berberich G, Berberich M, Grumpe A, Wöhler C, Schreiber U. (2013). Early results of three-year monitoring of red wood ants' behavioral changes and their possible correlation with earthquake events. Animals (Basel). 3(1):63-84. 143 dergipark.gov.tr/avrasyasbd Mert
- Bluestone JR. (2010).Why the earth Shakes: Pre-modern understanding and modern earthquake science. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA,
- Brace WF, Paulding BW, Jr Scholz C. (1966). Dilatancy in the fracture of crystalline rocks. J. Geophys. Res, 71, 3939– 3953.
- Evernden, JF.(1977). Abnormal animal behaviour prior to earthquakes, Proc. Conference I, Menlo Park.
- Freund F, Stolc V. (2013). Nature of pre-earthquake phenomena and their effects on living organisms, Animals, 3, 513-531.
- Freund FT. (2010). Toward a unified solid state theory for preearthquake signals. Acta Geophys. 58, 719–766
- Ganguly ND. (2009). Variation in atmospheric ozone concentration following strong earthquakes. Int. J. Remote Sens., 30, 349–356
- Grant RA, Conlan H. (2013). Article frog swarms: earthquake precursors or false alarms? Animals, 3, 962-977.
- Grant RA, Halliday T, Bladerer WP, Leuenberger F, Newcomer M, Cyr G, Freund FT. (2011). Ground water chemistry changes before major earthquakes and possible effects on animals. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 8, 1936–1956.
- Kotelevtsev Y, Holmes MC, Burchell A, Houston PM, Schmoll D, Jamieson P, Best R, Brown R, Edwards CR, Seckl JR, Mullins JJ. (1997).11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 knockout mice showattenuated glucocorticoidinducible responses and resist hyperglycemia on obesity or stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA;94:14924 – 9
- Krasnogorskaya NV, Protasov VR, Kharybin EV. et al.(1984). Living-systems on the service of earthquake prediction, in Electromagnetic Fields in Biosphere I "Nauka', Moscow, pp. 315-325
- Krueger AP, Reed EJ. (1976).Biological impact of small air ions. Science , 193, 1209–1213.
- Lee WHK, Ando, M, Kautz WH. (1976). A Summary of the Literature on Unusual Animal Behavior BeforeEarthquakes." In Abnormal Animal Behavior Prior to Earthquakes. J.F.Evernden (ed.), National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program, USGS,Menlo Park, CA, 23–24, 15–54.
- Lloyd D, Murray DB. (2006). The temporal architecture of eukaryotic growth. FEBS Lett. 580, 2830–2865.
- Logan, JM. (1977) .Animal behaviour and earthquake prediction. Nature, 265, 404–405
- Lu-Lu Chen, Xiang Hu, Juan Zheng, Hao-Hao Zhang, Wen Kong, Wei-Hong Yang, Tian-Shu Zeng, Jiao-Yue Zhang ,Ling Yue. (2010) .
- Increases in energy intake, insulin resistance and stress in rats before Wenchuan earthquake far from the epicenter Experimental Biology and Medicine; 235: 1216
- Nakamoto RK, Baylis Scanlon JA, Al-Shawi MK. (2008). The rotary mechanism of the atp in synthase. Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 476, 43–50.
- Nikonov AA. (1991). Destructive historical earthquakes in Soviet Armenia, Tectonophysics 193,225- 229.
- Nikonov AA.(1981). Abnormal animal behaviour as earthquake precursors, 'VINITI', Moscow, Dep. 4316-81, 54 Ritz T. (2011) Quantum effects in biology: Bird navigation. Proc. Chem., 3, 262–275
- Turcotte,DL. (1991) Earthquake prediction. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 19, 263–281
- Tyrtyshinikov AV. (1996).The variations of ozone content in the atmosphere above strong earthquake epicenter. Phys. Solid Earth, 31, 789–794.
- Ulomov VI, Mavashev BZ. (1971). The Tashkent Earthquake of 26April, 1966. Acad. Nauk. Uzbek SSR FAN, 188-192.
- Varon J, Marik PE. (1997).Carbon monoxide poisoning. Int. J. Emerg. Intens. Care Med., 1, doi: 10.5580/1943.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2019 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 30 Ekim 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 4 - Ek sayı |
