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Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 329 - 333, 30.06.2022

Yasin Yıldırım Ufuk Yurdalan

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.994558

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: 2019 yılı sonunda Çin’in Hubei eyaletindeki Wuhan şehrinde eş zamanlı olarak 54 viral pnömoni vakası görülmüş, ve yapılan araştırmalar sonucunda Coronaviridae ailesine ait yeni bir koronavirüs olan COVID-19 tanımlanmıştır. 11 Mart 2020’de Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından pandemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. COVID-19'un temel semptomları ateş, öksürük ve miyaljidir. Diğer küçük semptomlar boğaz ağrısı, baş ağrısı, titreme, mide bulantısı veya kusma, ishal, tat duyusunun kaybolması ve konjunktival tıkanıklıktır. Özellikle pulmoner sistem etkilenmektedir. Pulmoner rehabilitasyonun akut tedavi aşamasında kullanılması gerektiği ile ilgili çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Ancak virüsün pulmoner sistem dışındaki bulgularına ve uzun dönem bulgularına odaklanan çok sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Çalışmamızın amacı; COVID-19 sonrası hangi vücut sistemlerinin etkilendiğinin, kronik bulgularının ve hangilerinin rehabilitasyon kapsamına gireceğinin belirlenmesidir.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: İlgili yayınları belirlemek için PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus ve PEDro'da sistematik bir literatür taraması yapıldı. Veritabanı taramasına dahil olmak için yayınların İngilizce veya Türkçe yazılmış olması gerekiyordu. Anahtar terim olarak 'COVID-19', 'Post-COVID Sendromu' ve 'Uzun-COVID' anahtar terimleri ve ayrıca 'klinik semptomlar', 'pulmoner semptomlar', 'kardiyovasküler semptomlar', ‘nörolojik semptomlar’ ve ‘kognitif semptomlar’ ile ilgili farklı arama terimleri varyasyonları yer aldı.
Bulgular: Pandeminin uzun dönem sonuçlarında birçok vücut yapısının etkileneceği gösterilmiştir. Etkilenen bu sistemlerin rehabilitasyon kapsamına gireceğini düşünmekteyiz. Ancak kronik semptomlara ve hasarlanan vücut sistemlerine odaklanan çalışma sayısının çok yetersiz olması kesin semptomların belirlenmesini güçleştirmektedir. Sonuç: Semptomların tam olarak belirlenebilmesi için virüsün uzun dönem etkilerine odaklanan daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Post-Covid Sendromu rehabilitasyon

Kaynakça

  • [1] World Health Organization, “World Health Organization - Situation Report-51,” Coronavirus Dis. 2019, 2020.
  • [2] “COVID-19 Map - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center,” 2021. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (accessed May 17, 2021).
  • [3] “Covid19.” https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (accessed May 30, 2021).
  • [4] A. Carfì, R. Bernabei, and F. Landi, “Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19,” JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020.
  • [5] “post-COVID syndrome – NIH Director’s Blog.” https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/post-covid-syndrome/ (accessed May 23, 2021).
  • [6] S. Reina-Gutiérrez, A. Torres-Costoso, V. Martínez-Vizcaíno, S. N. de Arenas-Arroyo, R. Fernández-Rodríguez, and D. P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, “Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Interstitial Lung Disease Including Coronavirus Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2021.
  • [7] W. J. Wiersinga, A. Rhodes, A. C. Cheng, S. J. Peacock, and H. C. Prescott, “Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review,” JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc., 2020, 324(8), 782–793.
  • [8] N. Zhu et al., “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019,” N. Engl. J. Med., 2020
  • [9] C. Qin et al., “Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China,” SSRN Electron. J., 2020, 71(15), 762–768.
  • [10] C. Gaebler et al., “Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2,” Nature, 2021, 591, 639–644.
  • [11] D. M. Altmann and R. J. Boyton, “Decoding the unknowns in long covid,” BMJ, 2021, 372.
  • [12] E. Perego, F. Callard, L. Stras, B. Melville-Jóhannesson, R. Pope, and N. A. Alwan, “Why the Patient-Made Term ‘Long Covid’ is needed,” Wellcome Open Res., 2020, 5, 224.
  • [13] “COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19,” London Natl. Inst. Heal. Care Excell., 2020.
  • [14] C. Carvalho-Schneider et al., “Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset,” Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2021, 27(2), 258–263.
  • [15] Y. M. J. Goërtz et al., “Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome?,” ERJ Open Res., 2020, 6(4).
  • [16] W. Shah, T. Hillman, E. D. Playford, and L. Hishmeh, “Managing the long term effects of covid-19: Summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline,” BMJ, 2021, 372.
  • [17] P. Verdecchia, C. Cavallini, A. Spanevello, and F. Angeli, “COVID-19,” Hypertension, 2020, 76(2), 294-299.
  • [18] H. Zhu, H. Chen, H. Ying, and B. Zhu, “Functional BCL-2 rs2279115 Noncoding variant associated with noise-induced hearing loss in Chinese workers: a case-control study,” J. Public Heal. Emerg., 2020, 4(32).
  • [19] C. Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. Guijarro, S. Plaza-Canteli, V. Hernández-Barrera, and J. Torres-Macho, “Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 Cough One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multicenter Study,” Lung, 2021, 199(3), 249–253.
  • [20] Y. miao Zhao et al., “Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery,” EClinicalMedicine, 2020, 25, 100463.
  • [21] B. van den Borst et al., “Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” Clin. Infect. Dis., 2020.
  • [22] L. Truffaut et al., “Post-discharge critical COVID-19 lung function related to severity of radiologic lung involvement at admission,” Respir. Res., 2020, 22(1), 1–6.
  • [23] E. Bari et al., “Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A New Therapy to Treat the Long-Term Lung Sequelae?,” Cells, 2021, 10(5), 1203.
  • [24] T. Vigeland Lerum et al., “Early View Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings three months after hospital admission for COVID-19,” Eur. Respir. J., 2021, 57(4).
  • [25] L. Chen, X. Li, M. Chen, Y. Feng, and C. Xiong, “The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2,” Cardiovasc. Res., 2020, 116(6), 1097–1100.
  • [26] A. Akhmerov and E. Marbán, “COVID-19 and the Heart,” Circ. Res., 2020, 126, 1443–1455.
  • [27] P. P. Liu, A. Blet, D. Smyth, and H. Li, “The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System,” Circulation, 2020, 142(1), 68–78.
  • [28] R. D. Mitrani, N. Dabas, and J. J. Goldberger, “COVID-19 cardiac injury: Implications for long-term surveillance and outcomes in survivors,” Hear. Rhythm, 2020, 17(11), 1984–1990.
  • [29] S. Saeed, M. Tadic, T. H. Larsen, G. Grassi, and G. Mancia, “Coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular complications: focused clinical review,” J. Hypertens., 2021, 39(7), 1282–1292.
  • [30] R. Chang, A. Mamun, A. Dominic, and N. T. Le, “SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction: The Potential Role of Chronic Oxidative Stress,” Front. Physiol., 2021, 11.
  • [31] D. C. Hess, W. Eldahshan, and E. Rutkowski, “COVID-19-Related Stroke,” Transl. Stroke Res., 2020, 11(3), 322–325.
  • [32] S. Saeed and G. Mancia, “Arterial stiffness and COVID-19: A bidirectional cause-effect relationship,” J. Clin. Hypertens., 2021, 23(6).
  • [33] J. Meyer et al., “Joint prevalence of physical activity and sitting time during COVID-19 among US adults in April 2020,” Prev. Med. Reports, 2020, 20, 101256.
  • [34] L. Mao et al., “Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China,” JAMA Neurol., 2020, 77(6), 683–690.
  • [35] M. A. Ellul et al., “Neurological associations of COVID-19,” Lancet Neurol., 2020, 19(9), 767–783.
  • [36] G. A. Shehata, K. C. Lord, M. C. Grudzinski, M. Elsayed, R. Abdelnaby, and H. A. Elshabrawy, “Neurological complications of covid-19: Underlying mechanisms and management,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(8).
  • [37] A. Varatharaj et al., “Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study,” The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, 7(10).
  • [38] W. M. Vanderlind et al., “A systematic review of neuropsychological and psychiatric sequalae of COVID-19: implications for treatment,” Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2021, 34(4), 420–433.
  • [39] B. Raman et al., “Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge,” EClinicalMedicine, 2021, 31, 100683.
  • [40] M. S. Woo et al., “Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19,” Brain Commun., 2020, 2(2).
  • [41] F. Negrini et al., “Neuropsychological Features of Severe Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients at Clinical Stability and Clues for Postacute Rehabilitation,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2021, 102(1), 155–158.
  • [42] N. M. Araújo et al., “First Report of SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Child With Guillain-Barré Syndrome,” Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2021, 40(7).
  • [43] X. Li, Y. Wang, H. Wang, and Y. Wang, “SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome is a para-infectious disease,” QJM An Int. J. Med., 2021.
  • [44] D. İnal İnce, N. Vardar Yağlı, M. Sağlam, and E. Kütükçü Çalık, “Covid-19 Enfeksiyonunda Akut ve Post-Akut Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon” Türk Fiz. ve Rehabil. Derg., 2020, 31(1), 81–93.
  • [45] M. Scherrenberg, M. Falter, and P. Dendale, “Providing comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic,” Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol., 2021, 28(5), 520–521.

Which Body Systems Will Require Rehabilitation After Recovery From Covid-19?: Descriptive Review

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 329 - 333, 30.06.2022

Yasin Yıldırım Ufuk Yurdalan

https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.994558

Öz

Objective: For the first time, at the end of 2019, in the city of Wuhan in China's Hubei province, 54 simultaneous viral pneumonia cases were seen, and as a result of the researches, a new coronavirus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, COVID-19, was identified. It was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. The main symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough and myalgia. Other minor symptoms are sore throat, headache, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, anosmia, and conjunctival congestion. The pulmonary system is particularly affected. There are studies on the use of pulmonary rehabilitation in the acute treatment phase. However, there are not many studies focusing on the findings and long-term findings of the virus outside the pulmonary system. The aim of our study; It is to determine which body systems are affected after COVID-19, their chronic findings and which ones will be included in the rehabilitation scope

Materials and Methods: In order to identify relevant publications a systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and PEDro. For inclusion in the database search, publications needed to have been written in English or Turkish. The search strings included as key term ‘COVID-19’, ‘Post-COVID Syndrome’ and ‘Long-COVID’ as well as different variations of search terms related to ‘clinical symptoms’, ‘pulmonary symptoms’, ‘cardiovascular symptoms’, ‘neurological symptoms’ and ‘cognitive symptoms’. Exclusion criteria were vaccination studies and publications in languages other than Turkish or English.
Results: It has been shown that many body structures will be affected in the long-term consequences of the pandemic. We think that these affected systems will fall within the scope of rehabilitation. However, the insufficient number of studies focusing on chronic symptoms and damaged body systems makes it difficult to determine the exact symptoms. Conclusion: More studies focusing on the long-term effects of the virus are needed to fully identify the symptoms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Covid-19 Post-Covid Syndrome rehabilitation

Kaynakça

  • [1] World Health Organization, “World Health Organization - Situation Report-51,” Coronavirus Dis. 2019, 2020.
  • [2] “COVID-19 Map - Johns Hopkins Coronavirus Resource Center,” 2021. https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html (accessed May 17, 2021).
  • [3] “Covid19.” https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/ (accessed May 30, 2021).
  • [4] A. Carfì, R. Bernabei, and F. Landi, “Persistent symptoms in patients after acute COVID-19,” JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association. 2020.
  • [5] “post-COVID syndrome – NIH Director’s Blog.” https://directorsblog.nih.gov/tag/post-covid-syndrome/ (accessed May 23, 2021).
  • [6] S. Reina-Gutiérrez, A. Torres-Costoso, V. Martínez-Vizcaíno, S. N. de Arenas-Arroyo, R. Fernández-Rodríguez, and D. P. Pozuelo-Carrascosa, “Effectiveness of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Interstitial Lung Disease Including Coronavirus Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2021.
  • [7] W. J. Wiersinga, A. Rhodes, A. C. Cheng, S. J. Peacock, and H. C. Prescott, “Pathophysiology, Transmission, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Review,” JAMA - J. Am. Med. Assoc., 2020, 324(8), 782–793.
  • [8] N. Zhu et al., “A Novel Coronavirus from Patients with Pneumonia in China, 2019,” N. Engl. J. Med., 2020
  • [9] C. Qin et al., “Dysregulation of Immune Response in Patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China,” SSRN Electron. J., 2020, 71(15), 762–768.
  • [10] C. Gaebler et al., “Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2,” Nature, 2021, 591, 639–644.
  • [11] D. M. Altmann and R. J. Boyton, “Decoding the unknowns in long covid,” BMJ, 2021, 372.
  • [12] E. Perego, F. Callard, L. Stras, B. Melville-Jóhannesson, R. Pope, and N. A. Alwan, “Why the Patient-Made Term ‘Long Covid’ is needed,” Wellcome Open Res., 2020, 5, 224.
  • [13] “COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19,” London Natl. Inst. Heal. Care Excell., 2020.
  • [14] C. Carvalho-Schneider et al., “Follow-up of adults with noncritical COVID-19 two months after symptom onset,” Clin. Microbiol. Infect., 2021, 27(2), 258–263.
  • [15] Y. M. J. Goërtz et al., “Persistent symptoms 3 months after a SARS-CoV-2 infection: the post-COVID-19 syndrome?,” ERJ Open Res., 2020, 6(4).
  • [16] W. Shah, T. Hillman, E. D. Playford, and L. Hishmeh, “Managing the long term effects of covid-19: Summary of NICE, SIGN, and RCGP rapid guideline,” BMJ, 2021, 372.
  • [17] P. Verdecchia, C. Cavallini, A. Spanevello, and F. Angeli, “COVID-19,” Hypertension, 2020, 76(2), 294-299.
  • [18] H. Zhu, H. Chen, H. Ying, and B. Zhu, “Functional BCL-2 rs2279115 Noncoding variant associated with noise-induced hearing loss in Chinese workers: a case-control study,” J. Public Heal. Emerg., 2020, 4(32).
  • [19] C. Fernández-de-las-Peñas, C. Guijarro, S. Plaza-Canteli, V. Hernández-Barrera, and J. Torres-Macho, “Prevalence of Post-COVID-19 Cough One Year After SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Multicenter Study,” Lung, 2021, 199(3), 249–253.
  • [20] Y. miao Zhao et al., “Follow-up study of the pulmonary function and related physiological characteristics of COVID-19 survivors three months after recovery,” EClinicalMedicine, 2020, 25, 100463.
  • [21] B. van den Borst et al., “Comprehensive Health Assessment 3 Months After Recovery From Acute Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19),” Clin. Infect. Dis., 2020.
  • [22] L. Truffaut et al., “Post-discharge critical COVID-19 lung function related to severity of radiologic lung involvement at admission,” Respir. Res., 2020, 22(1), 1–6.
  • [23] E. Bari et al., “Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Secretome for Post-COVID-19 Pulmonary Fibrosis: A New Therapy to Treat the Long-Term Lung Sequelae?,” Cells, 2021, 10(5), 1203.
  • [24] T. Vigeland Lerum et al., “Early View Dyspnoea, lung function and CT findings three months after hospital admission for COVID-19,” Eur. Respir. J., 2021, 57(4).
  • [25] L. Chen, X. Li, M. Chen, Y. Feng, and C. Xiong, “The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2,” Cardiovasc. Res., 2020, 116(6), 1097–1100.
  • [26] A. Akhmerov and E. Marbán, “COVID-19 and the Heart,” Circ. Res., 2020, 126, 1443–1455.
  • [27] P. P. Liu, A. Blet, D. Smyth, and H. Li, “The Science Underlying COVID-19: Implications for the Cardiovascular System,” Circulation, 2020, 142(1), 68–78.
  • [28] R. D. Mitrani, N. Dabas, and J. J. Goldberger, “COVID-19 cardiac injury: Implications for long-term surveillance and outcomes in survivors,” Hear. Rhythm, 2020, 17(11), 1984–1990.
  • [29] S. Saeed, M. Tadic, T. H. Larsen, G. Grassi, and G. Mancia, “Coronavirus disease 2019 and cardiovascular complications: focused clinical review,” J. Hypertens., 2021, 39(7), 1282–1292.
  • [30] R. Chang, A. Mamun, A. Dominic, and N. T. Le, “SARS-CoV-2 Mediated Endothelial Dysfunction: The Potential Role of Chronic Oxidative Stress,” Front. Physiol., 2021, 11.
  • [31] D. C. Hess, W. Eldahshan, and E. Rutkowski, “COVID-19-Related Stroke,” Transl. Stroke Res., 2020, 11(3), 322–325.
  • [32] S. Saeed and G. Mancia, “Arterial stiffness and COVID-19: A bidirectional cause-effect relationship,” J. Clin. Hypertens., 2021, 23(6).
  • [33] J. Meyer et al., “Joint prevalence of physical activity and sitting time during COVID-19 among US adults in April 2020,” Prev. Med. Reports, 2020, 20, 101256.
  • [34] L. Mao et al., “Neurologic Manifestations of Hospitalized Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Wuhan, China,” JAMA Neurol., 2020, 77(6), 683–690.
  • [35] M. A. Ellul et al., “Neurological associations of COVID-19,” Lancet Neurol., 2020, 19(9), 767–783.
  • [36] G. A. Shehata, K. C. Lord, M. C. Grudzinski, M. Elsayed, R. Abdelnaby, and H. A. Elshabrawy, “Neurological complications of covid-19: Underlying mechanisms and management,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, 22(8).
  • [37] A. Varatharaj et al., “Neurological and neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19 in 153 patients: a UK-wide surveillance study,” The Lancet Psychiatry, 2020, 7(10).
  • [38] W. M. Vanderlind et al., “A systematic review of neuropsychological and psychiatric sequalae of COVID-19: implications for treatment,” Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 2021, 34(4), 420–433.
  • [39] B. Raman et al., “Medium-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on multiple vital organs, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health, post-hospital discharge,” EClinicalMedicine, 2021, 31, 100683.
  • [40] M. S. Woo et al., “Frequent neurocognitive deficits after recovery from mild COVID-19,” Brain Commun., 2020, 2(2).
  • [41] F. Negrini et al., “Neuropsychological Features of Severe Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients at Clinical Stability and Clues for Postacute Rehabilitation,” Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil., 2021, 102(1), 155–158.
  • [42] N. M. Araújo et al., “First Report of SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Child With Guillain-Barré Syndrome,” Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J., 2021, 40(7).
  • [43] X. Li, Y. Wang, H. Wang, and Y. Wang, “SARS-CoV-2-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome is a para-infectious disease,” QJM An Int. J. Med., 2021.
  • [44] D. İnal İnce, N. Vardar Yağlı, M. Sağlam, and E. Kütükçü Çalık, “Covid-19 Enfeksiyonunda Akut ve Post-Akut Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon” Türk Fiz. ve Rehabil. Derg., 2020, 31(1), 81–93.
  • [45] M. Scherrenberg, M. Falter, and P. Dendale, “Providing comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation during and after the COVID-19 pandemic,” Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol., 2021, 28(5), 520–521.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Yasin Yıldırım 0000-0001-9362-7205

Ufuk Yurdalan 0000-0003-0985-0100

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, Y., & Yurdalan, U. (2022). Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 329-333. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.994558
AMA Yıldırım Y, Yurdalan U. Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme. CBU-SBED. Haziran 2022;9(2):329-333. doi:10.34087/cbusbed.994558
Chicago Yıldırım, Yasin, ve Ufuk Yurdalan. “Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Haziran 2022): 329-33. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.994558.
EndNote Yıldırım Y, Yurdalan U (01 Haziran 2022) Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9 2 329–333.
IEEE Y. Yıldırım ve U. Yurdalan, “Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme”, CBU-SBED, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 329–333, 2022, doi: 10.34087/cbusbed.994558.
ISNAD Yıldırım, Yasin - Yurdalan, Ufuk. “Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi 9/2 (Haziran 2022), 329-333. https://doi.org/10.34087/cbusbed.994558.
JAMA Yıldırım Y, Yurdalan U. Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme. CBU-SBED. 2022;9:329–333.
MLA Yıldırım, Yasin ve Ufuk Yurdalan. “Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme”. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2022, ss. 329-33, doi:10.34087/cbusbed.994558.
Vancouver Yıldırım Y, Yurdalan U. Covid-19 Tutulumu Toparlanma Sonrası Hangi Vücut Sistemlerinde Rehabilitasyon Gerektirecek? Tanımlayıcı Derleme. CBU-SBED. 2022;9(2):329-33.
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