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Current Nutritional Approaches in Autoimmune Diseases

Yıl 2023, , 484 - 491, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1204124

Öz

Autoimmune diseases are a set of diseases characterized by an abnormal immune response against the normal tissues of the body. These diseases are estimated to affect 3-5% of the population. The etiology of autoimmune diseases is not fully understood but has been associated with genetic, hormonal and environmental factors. Various pharmaceutical drug treatments are applied to autoimmune diseases in the clinic, but the high costs of these treatments have led to the search for different treatment methods. One of the different treatment methods is nutrition and dietary interventions. Research suggests that a healthy dietary pattern intervention can help both prevent and treat autoimmune diseases. Many studies have reported that dietary compounds such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, vitamin D, food eliminations in some autoimmune diseases, by showing anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, have therapeutic effects in autoimmune diseases. Diet as a modifiable factor has promising potential in the prevention and treatment of autoimmune diseases. The aim of this review is to address current nutritional and dietary approaches that are thought to be effective in the prevention and treatment of the most prominent autoimmune diseases, and to present perspectives on the role of nutrition in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelhamid, L., & Luo, X. M. (2021). Diet and Hygiene in Modulating Autoimmunity During the Pandemic Era. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 749774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.749774
  • Abdulrazaq, M., Innes, J. K., & Calder, P. C. (2017). Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on arthritic pain: A systematic review. Nutrition, 39-40, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.003
  • Akamizu, T., & Amino, N. (2017). Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Içinde Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285557/
  • Alves da Costa, T., Lang, J., Torres, R. M., & Pelanda, R. (2019). The development of human immune system mice and their use to study tolerance and autoimmunity. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, 2, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100021
  • Angum, F., Khan, T., Kaler, J., Siddiqui, L., & Hussain, A. (2020). The prevalence of autoimmune disorders in women: a narrative review. Cureus, 12(5), e8094. doi:10.7759/cureus.8094
  • Aniwan, S., Park, S. H., & Loftus, E. V. (2017). Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Stratification of Crohn’s Disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 46(3), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2017.05.003
  • Asik, M., Gunes, F., Binnetoglu, E., Eroglu, M., Bozkurt, N., Sen, H., Akbal, E., Bakar, C., Beyazit, Y., & Ukinc, K. (2014). Decrease in TSH levels after lactose restriction in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients with lactose intolerance. Endocrine, 46(2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-0065-1
  • Beecham, J. E., Seneff, S., Beecham, J. E., & Seneff, S. (2017). Autoimmune Disease: Budget-buster or Enlightened Solutions?<br> <small>(The coming epidemic and the new administration in Washington)</small>. Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(1), 032-040.
  • Bjørnevik, K., Chitnis, T., Ascherio, A., & Munger, K. L. (2017). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 23(14), 1830-1838. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517691150
  • Calder, P. C. (2013). n-3 fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: New mechanisms to explain old actions. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 72(3), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665113001031
  • Cifu, D. X. (2020). Braddom’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Deane, K. D., Demoruelle, M. K., Kelmenson, L. B., Kuhn, K. A., Norris, J. M., & Holers, V. M. (2017). Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology, 31(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.003
  • Deuschl, G., Beghi, E., Fazekas, F., Varga, T., Christoforidi, K. A., Sipido, E., Bassetti, C. L., Vos, T., & Feigin, V. L. (2020). The burden of neurological diseases in Europe: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. Public Health, 5(10), e551-e567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30190-0
  • Di Franco, M., Barchetta, I., Iannuccelli, C., Gerardi, M. C., Frisenda, S., Ceccarelli, F., Valesini, G., & Cavallo, M. G. (2015). Hypovitaminosis D in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis is predictive of reduced response to treatment and increased disease activity: A 12 month follow-up study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 16, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0505-6
  • Dinu, M., Pagliai, G., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2018). Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(1), 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.58
  • Eaton, W. W., Rose, N. R., Kalaydjian, A., Pedersen, M. G., & Mortensen, P. B. (2007). Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark. Journal of Autoimmunity, 29(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2007.05.002
  • Firestein, G. S., & McInnes, I. B. (2017). Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity, 46(2), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.006
  • Fletcher, J., Cooper, S. C., Ghosh, S., & Hewison, M. (2019). The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanism to Management. Nutrients, 11(5), E1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051019
  • Freeman, H. J. (2016). Endocrine manifestations in celiac disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(38), 8472-8479. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8472
  • Fugger, L., Jensen, L. T., & Rossjohn, J. (2020). Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Developing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases. Cell, 181(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.007
  • Garg, N., & Smith, T. W. (2015). An update on immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Brain and Behavior, 5(9), e00362. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.362
  • Habek, M., Hojsak, I., & Brinar, V. V. (2010). Nutrition in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 112(7), 616-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.03.029
  • Ihnatowicz, P., Drywień, M., Wątor, P., & Wojsiat, J. (2020). The importance of nutritional factors and dietary management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine: AAEM, 27(2), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112331
  • Ihnatowicz, P., Wątor, P., Gębski, J., Frąckiewicz, J., & Drywień, M. E. (2021). Are Nutritional Patterns among Polish Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patients Differentiated Internally and Related to Ailments and Other Diseases? Nutrients, 13(11), 3675. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113675
  • Illescas-Montes, R., Melguizo-Rodríguez, L., Ruiz, C., & Costela-Ruiz, V. J. (2019). Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Life Sciences, 233, 116744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116744
  • Johansson, K., Askling, J., Alfredsson, L., Di Giuseppe, D., & EIRA study group. (2018). Mediterranean diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based case-control study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 20(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1680-2
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Otoimmün Hastalıklarda Güncel Beslenme Yaklaşımları

Yıl 2023, , 484 - 491, 30.12.2023
https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1204124

Öz

Otoimmün hastalıklar, vücudun normal dokularına karşı normal olmayan bağışıklık tepkisi ile karakterize edilen bir dizi hastalıktır. Bu hastalıkların nüfusun %3-5’ini etkilediği tahmin edilmektedir. Otoimmün hastalıkların etiyolojisi tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır ancak genetik, hormonal ve çevresel faktörlerle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Otoimmün hastalıklara klinikte çeşitli farmasötik ilaç tedavileri uygulanmakla birlikte bu konudaki önemli tedavilerden biri de beslenme ve diyet müdahaleleridir. Araştırmalar, sağlıklı bir diyet modeli müdahalesinin otoimmün hastalıkların hem önlenmesinde hem de tedavisinde yardımcı olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Birçok çalışma omega-3 ve omega-6 yağ asitleri, D vitamini, bazı otoimmün hastalıklarda gıda eliminasyonları gibi diyet bileşiklerinin anti-inflamatuar ve immünomodülatör etki göstererek otoimmün hastalıklarda tedavi edici etkiler gösterdiğini bildirmiştir. Değiştirilebilir bir faktör olarak diyet, otoimmün hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde umut verici bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu derlemenin amacı, en bilinen otoimmün hastalıkların önlenmesi ve tedavisinde etkili olabileceği düşünülen güncel beslenme ve diyet yaklaşımlarına değinmek ve otoimmün hastalıkların tedavisinde beslenmenin rolüne ilişkin bakış açılarını sunmaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdelhamid, L., & Luo, X. M. (2021). Diet and Hygiene in Modulating Autoimmunity During the Pandemic Era. Frontiers in Immunology, 12, 749774. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.749774
  • Abdulrazaq, M., Innes, J. K., & Calder, P. C. (2017). Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on arthritic pain: A systematic review. Nutrition, 39-40, 57-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2016.12.003
  • Akamizu, T., & Amino, N. (2017). Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis. Içinde Endotext [Internet]. MDText.com, Inc. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK285557/
  • Alves da Costa, T., Lang, J., Torres, R. M., & Pelanda, R. (2019). The development of human immune system mice and their use to study tolerance and autoimmunity. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, 2, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100021
  • Angum, F., Khan, T., Kaler, J., Siddiqui, L., & Hussain, A. (2020). The prevalence of autoimmune disorders in women: a narrative review. Cureus, 12(5), e8094. doi:10.7759/cureus.8094
  • Aniwan, S., Park, S. H., & Loftus, E. V. (2017). Epidemiology, Natural History, and Risk Stratification of Crohn’s Disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 46(3), 463-480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2017.05.003
  • Asik, M., Gunes, F., Binnetoglu, E., Eroglu, M., Bozkurt, N., Sen, H., Akbal, E., Bakar, C., Beyazit, Y., & Ukinc, K. (2014). Decrease in TSH levels after lactose restriction in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis patients with lactose intolerance. Endocrine, 46(2), 279-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12020-013-0065-1
  • Beecham, J. E., Seneff, S., Beecham, J. E., & Seneff, S. (2017). Autoimmune Disease: Budget-buster or Enlightened Solutions?<br> <small>(The coming epidemic and the new administration in Washington)</small>. Archives of Community Medicine and Public Health, 3(1), 032-040.
  • Bjørnevik, K., Chitnis, T., Ascherio, A., & Munger, K. L. (2017). Polyunsaturated fatty acids and the risk of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England), 23(14), 1830-1838. https://doi.org/10.1177/1352458517691150
  • Calder, P. C. (2013). n-3 fatty acids, inflammation and immunity: New mechanisms to explain old actions. The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 72(3), 326-336. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665113001031
  • Cifu, D. X. (2020). Braddom’s Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Deane, K. D., Demoruelle, M. K., Kelmenson, L. B., Kuhn, K. A., Norris, J. M., & Holers, V. M. (2017). Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Rheumatology, 31(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2017.08.003
  • Deuschl, G., Beghi, E., Fazekas, F., Varga, T., Christoforidi, K. A., Sipido, E., Bassetti, C. L., Vos, T., & Feigin, V. L. (2020). The burden of neurological diseases in Europe: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. The Lancet. Public Health, 5(10), e551-e567. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(20)30190-0
  • Di Franco, M., Barchetta, I., Iannuccelli, C., Gerardi, M. C., Frisenda, S., Ceccarelli, F., Valesini, G., & Cavallo, M. G. (2015). Hypovitaminosis D in recent onset rheumatoid arthritis is predictive of reduced response to treatment and increased disease activity: A 12 month follow-up study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 16, 53. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0505-6
  • Dinu, M., Pagliai, G., Casini, A., & Sofi, F. (2018). Mediterranean diet and multiple health outcomes: An umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies and randomised trials. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(1), 30-43. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2017.58
  • Eaton, W. W., Rose, N. R., Kalaydjian, A., Pedersen, M. G., & Mortensen, P. B. (2007). Epidemiology of autoimmune diseases in Denmark. Journal of Autoimmunity, 29(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2007.05.002
  • Firestein, G. S., & McInnes, I. B. (2017). Immunopathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunity, 46(2), 183-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2017.02.006
  • Fletcher, J., Cooper, S. C., Ghosh, S., & Hewison, M. (2019). The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Mechanism to Management. Nutrients, 11(5), E1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051019
  • Freeman, H. J. (2016). Endocrine manifestations in celiac disease. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 22(38), 8472-8479. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v22.i38.8472
  • Fugger, L., Jensen, L. T., & Rossjohn, J. (2020). Challenges, Progress, and Prospects of Developing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases. Cell, 181(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.007
  • Garg, N., & Smith, T. W. (2015). An update on immunopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of multiple sclerosis. Brain and Behavior, 5(9), e00362. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.362
  • Habek, M., Hojsak, I., & Brinar, V. V. (2010). Nutrition in multiple sclerosis. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 112(7), 616-620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2010.03.029
  • Ihnatowicz, P., Drywień, M., Wątor, P., & Wojsiat, J. (2020). The importance of nutritional factors and dietary management of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine: AAEM, 27(2), 184-193. https://doi.org/10.26444/aaem/112331
  • Ihnatowicz, P., Wątor, P., Gębski, J., Frąckiewicz, J., & Drywień, M. E. (2021). Are Nutritional Patterns among Polish Hashimoto Thyroiditis Patients Differentiated Internally and Related to Ailments and Other Diseases? Nutrients, 13(11), 3675. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113675
  • Illescas-Montes, R., Melguizo-Rodríguez, L., Ruiz, C., & Costela-Ruiz, V. J. (2019). Vitamin D and autoimmune diseases. Life Sciences, 233, 116744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116744
  • Johansson, K., Askling, J., Alfredsson, L., Di Giuseppe, D., & EIRA study group. (2018). Mediterranean diet and risk of rheumatoid arthritis: A population-based case-control study. Arthritis Research & Therapy, 20(1), 175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13075-018-1680-2
  • Kawicka, A., Regulska-Ilow, B., & Regulska-Ilow, B. (2015). [Metabolic disorders and nutritional status in autoimmune thyroid diseases]. Postepy Higieny I Medycyny Doswiadczalnej (Online), 69, 80-90. https://doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1136383
  • Kl, M., T, C., Al, F., E, G., D, S., & A, A. (2011). Dietary intake of vitamin D during adolescence and risk of multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, 258(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-010-5783-1
  • Krysiak, R., Szkróbka, W., & Okopień, B. (2019). The Effect of Gluten-Free Diet on Thyroid Autoimmunity in Drug-Naïve Women with Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis: A Pilot Study. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes: Official Journal, German Society of Endocrinology [and] German Diabetes Association, 127(7), 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0653-7108
  • Lee, Y. H., & Bae, S.-C. (2016). Vitamin D level in rheumatoid arthritis and its correlation with the disease activity: A meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 34(5), 827-833.
  • Lerner, A., Jeremias, P., & Matthias, T. (2016). The World Incidence and Prevalence of Autoimmune Diseases is Increasing. International Journal of Celiac Disease, 3(4), 151-155. https://doi.org/10.12691/ijcd-3-4-8
  • Lerner, A., & Matthias, T. (2015). Changes in intestinal tight junction permeability associated with industrial food additives explain the rising incidence of autoimmune disease. Autoimmunity Reviews, 14(6), 479-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.009
  • Lewis, J. D., & Abreu, M. T. (2017). Diet as a Trigger or Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Gastroenterology, 152(2), 398-414.e6. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.10.019
  • Lewis, P. A., & Spillane, J. E. (2018). The Molecular and Clinical Pathology of Neurodegenerative Disease. Academic Press.
  • Limketkai, B. N., Wolf, A., & Parian, A. M. (2018). Nutritional Interventions in the Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 47(1), 155-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gtc.2017.09.007
  • Liontiris, M. I., & Mazokopakis, E. E. (2017). A concise review of Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) and the importance of iodine, selenium, vitamin D and gluten on the autoimmunity and dietary management of HT patients.Points that need more investigation. Hellenic Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 20(1), 51-56. https://doi.org/10.1967/s002449910507
  • Maggini, S., Beveridge, S., Sorbara, P. J. P., & Senatore, G. (2008). Feeding the immune system: The role of micronutrients in restoring resistance to infections. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 3(098), 1-21.
  • Mak, T. W., Saunders, M. E., & Jett, B. D. (Ed.). (2014). Chapter 19—Autoimmune Diseases. Içinde Primer to the Immune Response (Second Edition) (ss. 517-552). Academic Cell. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-385245-8.00019-4
  • Manzel, A., Muller, D. N., Hafler, D. A., Erdman, S. E., Linker, R. A., & Kleinewietfeld, M. (2014). Role of “Western diet” in inflammatory autoimmune diseases. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports, 14(1), 404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11882-013-0404-6
  • Mazdeh, M., Seifirad, S., Kazemi, N., Seifrabie, M. A., Dehghan, A., & Abbasi, H. (2013). Comparison of vitamin D3 serum levels in new diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis versus their healthy relatives. Acta Medica Iranica, 51(5), 289-292.
  • Mazzucca, C. B., Scotti, L., Cappellano, G., Barone-Adesi, F., & Chiocchetti, A. (2022). Nutrition and Rheumatoid Arthritis Onset: A Prospective Analysis Using the UK Biobank. Nutrients, 14(8), 1554. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14081554
  • Meena, N., Singh Chawla, S. P., Garg, R., Batta, A., & Kaur, S. (2018). Assessment of Vitamin D in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Its Correlation with Disease Activity. Journal of Natural Science, Biology, and Medicine, 9(1), 54-58. https://doi.org/10.4103/jnsbm.JNSBM_128_17
  • Meydani, S. N., Guo, W., Han, S. N., & Wu, D. (2020). Chapter 30—Nutrition and autoimmune diseases. Içinde B. P. Marriott, D. F. Birt, V. A. Stallings, & A. A. Yates (Ed.), Present Knowledge in Nutrition (Eleventh Edition) (ss. 549-568). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818460-8.00030-7
  • Mierzecki, A., Strecker, D., & Radomska, K. (2011). A pilot study on zinc levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Biological Trace Element Research, 143(2), 854-862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-010-8952-2
  • Morales-Tisnés, T., Quintero-Ortiz, L., Quintero-Muñoz, E., Sierra-Matamoros, F., Arias-Aponte, J., & Rojas-Villarraga, A. (2021). Prevalence of hospital readmissions and related factors in patients with autoimmune diseases. Journal of Translational Autoimmunity, 4, 100121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtauto.2021.100121
  • Mullin, G. E., Shepherd, S. J., Chander Roland, B., Ireton-Jones, C., & Matarese, L. E. (2014). Irritable bowel syndrome: Contemporary nutrition management strategies. JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 38(7), 781-799. https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607114545329
  • Oh, J., Vidal-Jordana, A., & Montalban, X. (2018). Multiple sclerosis: Clinical aspects. Current Opinion in Neurology, 31(6), 752-759. https://doi.org/10.1097/WCO.0000000000000622
  • Pattison, D. J., Harrison, R. A., & Symmons, D. P. M. (2004). The role of diet in susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. The Journal of Rheumatology, 31(7), 1310-1319.
  • Pyzik, A., Grywalska, E., Matyjaszek-Matuszek, B., & Roliński, J. (2015). Immune disorders in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: What do we know so far? Journal of Immunology Research, 2015, 979167. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/979167
  • Radu, A.-F., & Bungau, S. G. (2021). Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview. Cells, 10(11), 2857. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells10112857
  • Ramos, G. P., & Papadakis, K. A. (2019). Mechanisms of Disease: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 94(1), 155-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.09.013
  • Schwingshackl, L., & Hoffmann, G. (2014). Mediterranean dietary pattern, inflammation and endothelial function: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intervention trials. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases: NMCD, 24(9), 929-939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.003
  • Shivashankar, R., Tremaine, W. J., Harmsen, W. S., & Loftus, E. V. (2017). Incidence and Prevalence of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis in Olmsted County, Minnesota From 1970 Through 2010. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology: The Official Clinical Practice Journal of the American Gastroenterological Association, 15(6), 857-863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.10.039
  • Smolen, J. S., Aletaha, D., Barton, A., Burmester, G. R., Emery, P., Firestein, G. S., Kavanaugh, A., McInnes, I. B., Solomon, D. H., Strand, V., & Yamamoto, K. (2018). Rheumatoid arthritis. Nature Reviews. Disease Primers, 4, 18001. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2018.1
  • Sworczak, K., & Wiśniewski, P. (2011). The role of vitamins in the prevention and treatment of thyroid disorders. Endokrynologia Polska, 62(4), 340-344.
  • Tonutti, E., & Bizzaro, N. (2014). Diagnosis and classification of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity. Autoimmunity Reviews, 13(4-5), 472-476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2014.01.043
  • Wahren-Herlenius, M., & Dörner, T. (2013). Immunopathogenic mechanisms of systemic autoimmune disease. Lancet (London, England), 382(9894), 819-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60954-X
  • Wang, L., Wang, F.-S., & Gershwin, M. E. (2015). Human autoimmune diseases: A comprehensive update. Journal of Internal Medicine, 278(4), 369-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12395
  • Wessels, I., & Rink, L. (2020). Micronutrients in autoimmune diseases: Possible therapeutic benefits of zinc and vitamin D. The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 77, 108240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108240
  • Xin, L., Yang, X., Cai, G., Fan, D., Xia, Q., Liu, L., Hu, Y., Ding, N., Xu, S., Wang, L., Li, X., Zou, Y., & Pan, F. (2015). Serum Levels of Copper and Zinc in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-analysis. Biological Trace Element Research, 168(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0325-4
  • Yu, N., Han, F., Lin, X., Tang, C., Ye, J., & Cai, X. (2016). The Association Between Serum Selenium Levels with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Biological Trace Element Research, 172(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-015-0558-2
  • Zhang, S. M., Willett, W. C., Hernán, M. A., Olek, M. J., & Ascherio, A. (2000). Dietary fat in relation to risk of multiple sclerosis among two large cohorts of women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 152(11), 1056-1064. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/152.11.1056
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Zeynep Kuzucu 0000-0003-1695-5541

Pınar Gobel 0000-0001-7152-1581

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuzucu, Z., & Gobel, P. (2023). Otoimmün Hastalıklarda Güncel Beslenme Yaklaşımları. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 484-491. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1204124

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