Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 209 - 217, 27.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.17672/fnjn.343259

Öz

Aim: Existing literature reports that incorrect and repeated interventions during peripheral intravenous catheterization (PIVC) can cause complications such as pain, phlebitis, and hematoma. This study was conducted to systematically examine the current evidence for the prevention of such complications encountered during PIVC procedures.

Method: In this study, we evaluated the most recent data found in relevant research papers retrieved from the databases Medline, Scopus, Cochrane, and CINAHL. This study includes manuscripts that (1) focused on the prevention of complications during PIVC procedures based on randomized clinical trials; (2) were published in the English language within the last 10 years; and (2) had accessible full text. Thirteen papers conforming to these inclusion criteria were evaluated. The keywords used for scanning the databases were “peripheral venous catheters,” “pain,” “phlebitis,” “ecchymosis,” “hematoma,” “peripheral venous catheters guideline,” and “nursing care.”

Results: An evaluation of these studies shows that the administration of local anesthetic sprays, creams, saline solutions, and lidocaine is effective in pain relief (n=5). Further investigation focused on prolonging the placement of the PIVC and decreasing the symptoms and findings related to pain, phlebitis, and hematoma; the investigation also revealed that these were experimental randomized controlled studies, which evaluated the catheter material (n=1), catheter type and insertion site (n=2), type of dressing used for the fixation (n = 2), and the length of stay of the PIVC (n=3).

These studies emphasized that large veins are preferred because they do not restrict the mobility of the patient when using vialon catheters. They recommend that catheters always be selected on the basis of their suitability for the patient and the treatment (Size: 18G–22G). Catheters with transparent dressings should be examined for the signs and symptoms of phlebitis. Furthermore, it was stated that catheters might stay in place for 96 hours if no complications are encountered during the examinations performed every eight hours after the PIVC procedure. Routine catheter replacement is not recommended due to repetitive exposure to pain, increased cost, and larger workload for the caregiver staff.

Conclusion: To sum up, our study presents evidence to determine the current best approach toward the prevention of complications during PIVC procedures, and that our findings will guide nurses in the implementation of positive results.


Kaynakça

  • Abadi, P., Etemadi, S., & Abed, S. Z. (2013). Investigating role of mechanical and chemical factors in the creation of peripheral vein in flammarion in hospitalization patients in hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 379-383.
  • Akça-Ay, F. (2011). İlaç Uygulamaları. F. Akça-Ay (Eds.), Sağlık uygulamalarında temel kavramlar ve beceriler içinde (s. 421-473). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Ales, R., May, D., & Whitney, L. (2007). A study comparing cloroprocaine with lidocaine for skin infiltration before intravenous catheter insertion. AANA Journal, 75(4), 255-258.
  • Anderson, S., Cockrell, J., Beller, P., Murphy, E., Nelson, P., Hawkins, M., … Cederna-Moss, J. (2010). Administration of local anesthetic agents to decrease pain associated with peripheral vascular access. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 33(6), 353-361.
  • Aygün, G. (2008). Damar içi kateter enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesi ve kontrolü. Hastane Enfeksiyonları: Korunma ve Kontrol, 60, 79-88.
  • Bausone-Gazda, D., Lefaiver, C. A., & Walters, S. A. (2010). A randomized controlled trial to compare the complications of 2 peripheral intravenous catheter-stabilization systems. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 33(6), 371-384.
  • Burke, S. D., Vercler, S. J., Bye, R. O., Desmond, P. C, & Rees Y. W. (2011). Local anesthesia before IV catheterization. Am Journal Nursing, 111(2): 40-45.
  • Chico-Padrón, R. M., Carrión-García, L., Delle-Vedove-Rosales, L., González-Vargas, C. S., Marrero-Perera, M., Medina-Chico, S.,… Jiménez-Sosa, A. (2011). Comparative safety and costs of transparent versus gauze wound dressings in intravenous catheterization. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 26(4), 371-376.
  • Chhugani, M., James, M. M., & Thokchom, S. (2015). A randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of Vialon™ cannula versus polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cannula in terms of indwelling time and complications in patients requiring peripheral intravenous cannulation. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(12), 1075-1080.
  • Çakar, V. (2008). Damar içi kateterler ve periferik venöz kateterlerde enfeksiyon kontrol uygulamaları. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 5(1), 24-33.
  • Deguzman, Z. C., O’Mara, S. K., Sulo, S., Haines, T., Blackburn, L., & Corazza, J. (2012). Bacteriostatic normal saline compared with buffered 1% lidocaine when injected intradermally as a local anesthetic to reduce pain during intravenous catheter insertion. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 27(6), 399-407.
  • Denat, Y. ve Eşer, İ. (2006). Yaşlı hastalarda periferal intravenöz kateterizasyon. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(1), 43-49.
  • Dutt-Gupta, J., Bown, T., & Cyna, A. M. (2007). Effect of communication on pain during intravenous cannulation: A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 99(6), 871-875.
  • Hadaway, L. (2009). Protect patients from I.V. infiltration. American Nurse Today, 5(2), 10-12.
  • Idvall, E., & Gunningberg, L. (2006). Evidence for elective replacement of peripheral intravenous catheter to prevent thrombophlebitis: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(6), 715-722.
  • Idemoto, B. K., Rowbottom, R. J., Reynolds, D. J., & Hickman, Jr., R. L. (2014). The accuCath intravenous catheter system with retractable coiled tip guidewire and conventional peripheral intravenous catheters: A prospective, randomized, controlled comparison. The Journal of Association for Vascular Access, 19(2), 94-102.
  • Kagel E. M., & Rayan G. M. (2004). Intravenous catheter complications in the hand and forearm. Journal Trauma, 56(1), 123-127.
  • González-López, J. L., Arribi-Vilela, A., Fernández del Palacio, E., Olivares-Corral, J., Benedicto-Martí C., & Herrera-Portal, P. (2014). Indwell times, complications and costs of open vs closed safety peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized study, Journal of Hospital Infection, 86(2), 117-126.
  • Malach, T., Jerassy, Z., Rudensky, B., Schlesinger, Y., Broide, E., Olsha, O., … Raveh, D. (2006). Prospective surveillance of phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters. American Journal of Infection Control, 34(5), 308-312.
  • McCallum, L., & Higgins, D. (2012). Care of peripheral venous cannula sites. Nursing Times, 108(34/35), 12-15.
  • O’Grady, N. P., Alexander, M., Burns, L. A., Patchen-Dellinger, E., Garland, J., Heard, S. O., … The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (2011). Guidelines for the prevention of intravacular catheter-related infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(9), 162-193.
  • Nassaji-Zavareh, M., & Ghorbani, R. (2007). Peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis and related risk faktors. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(8), 733-736.
  • Özsaraç, M., Dolek, M., Sarsılmaz, M., Sever, M., Sener, S., Kiyan, S.,…Yılmaz, G. (2012). The effect of cannula material on the pain of peripheral intravenous cannulation in the emergency department: A prospective, randomized controlled study. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 12(4), 151-156.
  • Pasalioglu, K. B., & Kaya, H. (2014). Catheter indwell time and phlebitis development during peripheral intravenous catheter administration. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 30(4), 725-730.
  • Phillips, D. L., & Gorski, L. (2014). Manual of I.V. therapeutics, evidence-based practice for infusion therapy. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
  • Pınar, S. (2007). Hemşirelerin intravenöz sıvı uygulamasına ilişkin kayıtlarının incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Programı, Ankara: 723.
  • Pujol, M., Hornero, A., Saballs, M., Argerich, M. J., Verdaguer, R., Cisnal, M.,…Gudiol, F. (2007). Clinical epidemiology and outcomes of peripheral venous catheter-related bloodstream infections at a university-affiliated hospital. The Journal Hospital Infection, 67(1), 22-29.
  • Rickard, C. M., Webster, J., Wallis, M. C., Marsh, N., McGrail, M. R., French, V.,… Whitby, M. (2012). Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: A randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet, 380(9847), 1066-1074.
  • Tripathi, S., Kaushik, V., & Singh, V. (2008). Peripheral IVs: Factors affecting complications and patency--a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 31(3), 182-188.
  • Uzun, Ş. (2012). İntravenöz sıvı tedavisi. T. Atabek-Aştı ve A. Karadağ (Eds.), Hemşirelik esasları: Hemşirelik bilimi ve sanatı içinde (s. 817-853). İstanbul: Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık.
  • Valdovinos, N. C., Reddin, C., Bernard, C., Shafer, B., & Tanabe, P. (2009). The use of topical anesthesia during intravenous catheter insertion in adults: A comparison of pain scores using LMX 4 versus placebo. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35(4), 299-304.
  • Van Donk, P., Rickard, M. C., McGrail, R. M., & Doolan, G. (2009). Routine replacement versus clinical monitoring of peripheral ıntravenous catheters in a regional hospital in the home program: A randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 30(9), 915-917.
  • Wallis, M. C., McGrail, M., Webster, J., Marsh, N., Gowardman, J., Playford, E. G., … Rickard, C. M. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(1), 63-68.
  • Webster, J., Lloyd, S., Hopkins, T., Osborne, S., & Yaxley, M. (2007). Developing a research base for intravenous peripheral cannula re-sites (DRIP trial): a randomised controlled trial of hospital in-patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(5), 664-671.
  • Wentz, J. (2009). Pain Managament. A. P. Potter, & G. A. Perry (Eds.), Fundamental of nursing. Canada: Mosby Elsevier, 1070-1072.

Periferik İntravenöz Kateter Uygulamalarında Komplikasyonların Önlenmesinde Güncel Kanıtlar: Sistematik İnceleme

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3, 209 - 217, 27.10.2017
https://doi.org/10.17672/fnjn.343259

Öz

Amaç: Literatürde periferik intravenöz kateter (PİK) uygulaması sırasında gerçekleştirilen hatalı ve tekrarlı girişimlerin ağrı, flebit ve hematom gibi komplikasyonlara neden olduğu belirtilmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, PİK uygulamalarında komplikasyonların önlenmesine yönelik güncel kanıtların sistematik olarak analiz edilmesi amacıyla planlandı.

Yöntem: Çalışmanın evrenini Medline, Scopus, Cochrane ve CINAHL veri tabanları taranarak, ulaşılan makaleler oluşturdu. İncelemeye, son 10 yılda yayımlanmış, yayın dili İngilizce olan, tam metnine ulaşılabilen, PİK uygulamalarında komplikasyonların önlenmesine yönelik yapılan girişimlerin değerlendirildiği makaleler dahil edildi. Tarama için İngilizce “peripheral venous catheters”, “pain”, “phlebitis”, “ecchymosis”, “hematoma”, “peripheral venous catheters guideline” ve “nursing care” anahtar kelimeleri kullanıldı. Dahil edilme ölçütlerine uyan 13 makale veri özetleme formu doğrultusunda incelendi.

Bulgular: Değerlendirilen çalışmalarda, PİK uygulaması sırasındaki ağrının azaltılmasında lokal anestezik sprey, krem, salin solüsyon ve lidokain kullanımının etkili olduğu görüldü (n=5). PİK kalış süresinin arttırılması, ağrı, flebit, hematom belirti-bulgularının azaltılmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde ise; kateter materyalini (n=1), kateter türünü ve uygulama bölgesini (n=2), sabitlenme için kullanılan pansuman türünü (n=2) ve kateterin vende kalış süresini (n=3) inceleyen randomize kontrollü deneysel çalışmalar olduğu görüldü. Bu çalışmalarda vialon içerikli kateterler ile bireyin hareket durumunu kısıtlamayan geniş venlerin tercih edilmesi, kateter seçimi yapılırken de bireye ve tedaviye uygun kateterlerin seçilmesi (No=18-22G), transparan pansumanlarla tespit edilen kateterlerin flebit belirti-bulguları açısından değerlendirilmesi gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır. Ayrıca PİK uygulamalarında 8 saatte bir yapılan değerlendirmede komplikasyonlar görülmediği sürece kateterin 96 saate kadar güvenle kullanılabileceği belirtilmektedir. Rutin aralıklarla kateter değişimi ise, hastaların tekrarlı ağrılı uyarana maruz kalmasına, maliyet ve iş yükü artışına neden olduğundan önerilmemektedir.

Sonuç: Çalışmanın PİK uygulamalarında komplikasyonların önlenmesinde güncel yaklaşımların belirlenmesine ilişkin kanıt oluşturacağı, mevcut araştırma sonuçlarının uygulama alanına aktarılmasında hemşirelere rehberlik edeceği düşünülmektedir.


Kaynakça

  • Abadi, P., Etemadi, S., & Abed, S. Z. (2013). Investigating role of mechanical and chemical factors in the creation of peripheral vein in flammarion in hospitalization patients in hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Life Science Journal, 10(1), 379-383.
  • Akça-Ay, F. (2011). İlaç Uygulamaları. F. Akça-Ay (Eds.), Sağlık uygulamalarında temel kavramlar ve beceriler içinde (s. 421-473). İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevi.
  • Ales, R., May, D., & Whitney, L. (2007). A study comparing cloroprocaine with lidocaine for skin infiltration before intravenous catheter insertion. AANA Journal, 75(4), 255-258.
  • Anderson, S., Cockrell, J., Beller, P., Murphy, E., Nelson, P., Hawkins, M., … Cederna-Moss, J. (2010). Administration of local anesthetic agents to decrease pain associated with peripheral vascular access. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 33(6), 353-361.
  • Aygün, G. (2008). Damar içi kateter enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesi ve kontrolü. Hastane Enfeksiyonları: Korunma ve Kontrol, 60, 79-88.
  • Bausone-Gazda, D., Lefaiver, C. A., & Walters, S. A. (2010). A randomized controlled trial to compare the complications of 2 peripheral intravenous catheter-stabilization systems. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 33(6), 371-384.
  • Burke, S. D., Vercler, S. J., Bye, R. O., Desmond, P. C, & Rees Y. W. (2011). Local anesthesia before IV catheterization. Am Journal Nursing, 111(2): 40-45.
  • Chico-Padrón, R. M., Carrión-García, L., Delle-Vedove-Rosales, L., González-Vargas, C. S., Marrero-Perera, M., Medina-Chico, S.,… Jiménez-Sosa, A. (2011). Comparative safety and costs of transparent versus gauze wound dressings in intravenous catheterization. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 26(4), 371-376.
  • Chhugani, M., James, M. M., & Thokchom, S. (2015). A randomized controlled trial to assess the effectiveness of Vialon™ cannula versus polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) cannula in terms of indwelling time and complications in patients requiring peripheral intravenous cannulation. International Journal of Science and Research, 4(12), 1075-1080.
  • Çakar, V. (2008). Damar içi kateterler ve periferik venöz kateterlerde enfeksiyon kontrol uygulamaları. Hemşirelikte Eğitim ve Araştırma Dergisi, 5(1), 24-33.
  • Deguzman, Z. C., O’Mara, S. K., Sulo, S., Haines, T., Blackburn, L., & Corazza, J. (2012). Bacteriostatic normal saline compared with buffered 1% lidocaine when injected intradermally as a local anesthetic to reduce pain during intravenous catheter insertion. Journal of Perianesthesia Nursing, 27(6), 399-407.
  • Denat, Y. ve Eşer, İ. (2006). Yaşlı hastalarda periferal intravenöz kateterizasyon. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 10(1), 43-49.
  • Dutt-Gupta, J., Bown, T., & Cyna, A. M. (2007). Effect of communication on pain during intravenous cannulation: A randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 99(6), 871-875.
  • Hadaway, L. (2009). Protect patients from I.V. infiltration. American Nurse Today, 5(2), 10-12.
  • Idvall, E., & Gunningberg, L. (2006). Evidence for elective replacement of peripheral intravenous catheter to prevent thrombophlebitis: A systematic review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(6), 715-722.
  • Idemoto, B. K., Rowbottom, R. J., Reynolds, D. J., & Hickman, Jr., R. L. (2014). The accuCath intravenous catheter system with retractable coiled tip guidewire and conventional peripheral intravenous catheters: A prospective, randomized, controlled comparison. The Journal of Association for Vascular Access, 19(2), 94-102.
  • Kagel E. M., & Rayan G. M. (2004). Intravenous catheter complications in the hand and forearm. Journal Trauma, 56(1), 123-127.
  • González-López, J. L., Arribi-Vilela, A., Fernández del Palacio, E., Olivares-Corral, J., Benedicto-Martí C., & Herrera-Portal, P. (2014). Indwell times, complications and costs of open vs closed safety peripheral intravenous catheters: a randomized study, Journal of Hospital Infection, 86(2), 117-126.
  • Malach, T., Jerassy, Z., Rudensky, B., Schlesinger, Y., Broide, E., Olsha, O., … Raveh, D. (2006). Prospective surveillance of phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters. American Journal of Infection Control, 34(5), 308-312.
  • McCallum, L., & Higgins, D. (2012). Care of peripheral venous cannula sites. Nursing Times, 108(34/35), 12-15.
  • O’Grady, N. P., Alexander, M., Burns, L. A., Patchen-Dellinger, E., Garland, J., Heard, S. O., … The Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee (HICPAC) (2011). Guidelines for the prevention of intravacular catheter-related infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 52(9), 162-193.
  • Nassaji-Zavareh, M., & Ghorbani, R. (2007). Peripheral intravenous catheter-related phlebitis and related risk faktors. Singapore Medical Journal, 48(8), 733-736.
  • Özsaraç, M., Dolek, M., Sarsılmaz, M., Sever, M., Sener, S., Kiyan, S.,…Yılmaz, G. (2012). The effect of cannula material on the pain of peripheral intravenous cannulation in the emergency department: A prospective, randomized controlled study. Türkiye Acil Tıp Dergisi, 12(4), 151-156.
  • Pasalioglu, K. B., & Kaya, H. (2014). Catheter indwell time and phlebitis development during peripheral intravenous catheter administration. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 30(4), 725-730.
  • Phillips, D. L., & Gorski, L. (2014). Manual of I.V. therapeutics, evidence-based practice for infusion therapy. Philadelphia, PA: F. A. Davis Company.
  • Pınar, S. (2007). Hemşirelerin intravenöz sıvı uygulamasına ilişkin kayıtlarının incelenmesi (Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Gazi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Hemşirelik Programı, Ankara: 723.
  • Pujol, M., Hornero, A., Saballs, M., Argerich, M. J., Verdaguer, R., Cisnal, M.,…Gudiol, F. (2007). Clinical epidemiology and outcomes of peripheral venous catheter-related bloodstream infections at a university-affiliated hospital. The Journal Hospital Infection, 67(1), 22-29.
  • Rickard, C. M., Webster, J., Wallis, M. C., Marsh, N., McGrail, M. R., French, V.,… Whitby, M. (2012). Routine versus clinically indicated replacement of peripheral intravenous catheters: A randomised controlled equivalence trial. Lancet, 380(9847), 1066-1074.
  • Tripathi, S., Kaushik, V., & Singh, V. (2008). Peripheral IVs: Factors affecting complications and patency--a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 31(3), 182-188.
  • Uzun, Ş. (2012). İntravenöz sıvı tedavisi. T. Atabek-Aştı ve A. Karadağ (Eds.), Hemşirelik esasları: Hemşirelik bilimi ve sanatı içinde (s. 817-853). İstanbul: Akademi Basın ve Yayıncılık.
  • Valdovinos, N. C., Reddin, C., Bernard, C., Shafer, B., & Tanabe, P. (2009). The use of topical anesthesia during intravenous catheter insertion in adults: A comparison of pain scores using LMX 4 versus placebo. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 35(4), 299-304.
  • Van Donk, P., Rickard, M. C., McGrail, R. M., & Doolan, G. (2009). Routine replacement versus clinical monitoring of peripheral ıntravenous catheters in a regional hospital in the home program: A randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 30(9), 915-917.
  • Wallis, M. C., McGrail, M., Webster, J., Marsh, N., Gowardman, J., Playford, E. G., … Rickard, C. M. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: a multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(1), 63-68.
  • Webster, J., Lloyd, S., Hopkins, T., Osborne, S., & Yaxley, M. (2007). Developing a research base for intravenous peripheral cannula re-sites (DRIP trial): a randomised controlled trial of hospital in-patients. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(5), 664-671.
  • Wentz, J. (2009). Pain Managament. A. P. Potter, & G. A. Perry (Eds.), Fundamental of nursing. Canada: Mosby Elsevier, 1070-1072.
Toplam 35 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm SİSTEMATİK İNCELEME YAZILARI
Yazarlar

Funda Büyükyılmaz Bu kişi benim

Betül Kuş

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ekim 2017
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2017 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Büyükyılmaz, F., & Kuş, B. (2017). Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, 25(3), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.17672/fnjn.343259
AMA Büyükyılmaz F, Kuş B. Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. Ekim 2017;25(3):209-217. doi:10.17672/fnjn.343259
Chicago Büyükyılmaz, Funda, ve Betül Kuş. “Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 25, sy. 3 (Ekim 2017): 209-17. https://doi.org/10.17672/fnjn.343259.
EndNote Büyükyılmaz F, Kuş B (01 Ekim 2017) Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 25 3 209–217.
IEEE F. Büyükyılmaz ve B. Kuş, “Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review”, Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, c. 25, sy. 3, ss. 209–217, 2017, doi: 10.17672/fnjn.343259.
ISNAD Büyükyılmaz, Funda - Kuş, Betül. “Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing 25/3 (Ekim 2017), 209-217. https://doi.org/10.17672/fnjn.343259.
JAMA Büyükyılmaz F, Kuş B. Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2017;25:209–217.
MLA Büyükyılmaz, Funda ve Betül Kuş. “Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review”. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing, c. 25, sy. 3, 2017, ss. 209-17, doi:10.17672/fnjn.343259.
Vancouver Büyükyılmaz F, Kuş B. Current Evidence for Prevention of the Complications Related to Peripheral Intravenous Catheterization: Systematic Review. Florence Nightingale Journal of Nursing. 2017;25(3):209-17.