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PHYSIOTHERAPY PERSPECTIVE FOR SMOKING CESSATION

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 52 - 61, 24.03.2023

Gökçe Kartal Ebru Sever Ufuk Yurdalan

https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387

Öz

PHYSIOTHERAPY PERSPECTIVE FOR SMOKING CESSATION
ABSTRACT
It is known that tobacco use is one of the problems threatening public health worldwide and is among the most important causes of preventable premature deaths. In addition, it affects many organs and physiological systems of individuals of all ages. The negative effects of smoking have caused health professionals to focus on various treatment approaches for smoking cessation. Physiotherapists' long-term communication with patients makes their support important. In rehabilitation programs, methods such as the 5A directive, 3-stage intervention strategies (used by health professionals) and clinical exercise programs, which are generally used by physiotherapists, are preferred. These clinical exercise programs include aerobic and isometric exercises, and exercises that reduce anxiety and increase awareness, such as yoga. It is thought that the exercise programs applied for the purpose of smoking cessation should be individualized and that the follow-up process should be selected according to the lifestyle of the person, which will be effective in quitting smoking.
Keywords: Exercise, physiotherapy approaches, smoking cessation, tobacco use

Anahtar Kelimeler

exercise physiotherapy approaches smoking cessation tobacco use

Kaynakça

  • Ending the Tobacco Epidemic: A Tobacco Control Strategic Action Plan for US Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2010. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ash/initiatives/tobacco/tobaccostrategicplan2010.pdf Accessed on July 18, 2022.
  • Drope J, Schluger N, Cahn Z, Drope J, Hamill S, Islami F. et al. The Tobacco Atlas. Atlanta: American Cancer Society and Vital Strategies. In the American Cancer Society. Inc. www. tobaccoatlas. org. 2018.
  • Caba J. Each time you smoke, here’s what you're consuming. Healthy Living. [Online] Medical Daily; 2014. Available at: http://www.medicaldaily.com/what-cigarette-chemicals-and-ingredient-list-confirm-how-dangerous-smoking-really-279718 Accessed on July 18, 2022.
  • Leone A. Interactive effect of combined exposure to active and passive smoking on cardiovascular system. Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2011;6:61–69.
  • Sherwood L. Essentials of physiology: A human perspective. 4th ed. Boston, MA, United States: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. 2011.
  • Tobacco. The Clinical Practice Guideline Treating. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A US public health service report. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(2):158–76. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.009.
  • Sutherland G. Current approaches to the management of smoking cessation. Drugs. 2002;62(Suppl 2):53-61.
  • Lancaster T, Stead LF. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;18(4):CD000165.
  • Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counseling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;18(2):CD001292.
  • Schlam TR, Baker TB. Interventions for tobacco smoking. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:675-702. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185602.
  • Panel TU, Dependence Guideline. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2009. doi:10.1037/e566222009-001.
  • Reid RD, Pritchard G, Walker K, Aitken D, Mullen KA, Pipe AL. Managing smoking cessation. CMAJ. 2016;188(17-18):E484-92. doi:10.1503/cmaj.151510.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Sigara Bırakma Hizmetleri. Mevcut Link: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bagimliliklamucadele-haberler/sigara-birakma-hizmetleri.html. Erişim Tarihi: 4 Haziran 2022.
  • Raw M, McNeill A, Murray R. Case studies of tobacco dependence treatment in Brazil, England, ENdia, South Africa and Uruguay. Addiction 2010;105(10):1721−1728.
  • Stead LF, Hartmann‐Boyce J, Perera R, Lancaster T. Telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(8). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002850.pub3.
  • Yeşilay. Tütün Bağımlılığı. Mevcut Link: https://www.yesilay.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/afisler. Erişim Tarihi: 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Türkiye Solunum Araştırmaları Derneği. 31 Mayıs Dünya Tütünsüz Günü Basın Bildirisi. Mevcut Link: https://www.solunum.org.tr/birim/18/tutun-kontrolu-calisma-grubu/haber/1354/31-mayis-dunya-tutunsuz-gunu-basin-bildirisi.html. Erişim Tarihi 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Türk Toraks Derneği. Tütün Kontrolü Çalışma Grubu. Mevcut Link: https://toraks.org.tr/site/community/workingGroups/p/V0dfVEJDQ0NP. Erişim Tarihi 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Dean E. Physical therapy in the 21st century (Part I): toward practice informed by epidemiology and the crisis of lifestyle conditions. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009;25(5–6):330–53.
  • Health Disparities Persist Among People With Disabilities. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services. 2007.
  • Bodner ME , Miller WC, Rhodes RE, Dean E. Smoking cessation and counseling: knowledge and views of Canadian physical therapists. Phys Ther. 2011;91:1051–1062.
  • Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz LN, Curry SJ, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Rockville MD: Department of Health and Human Services. 2008.
  • Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, Canadian Association of Social Workers, Canadian Dental Association, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Nurses Association, Canadian Pharmacists Association, Canadian Physiotherapy Association, Canadian Psychological Association, & Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists. Tobacco: the role of health professionals in smoking cessation. Joint statement. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2001;67(3):134–135.
  • Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2011;124(2):144–54.
  • Lincoln AE, Smith GS, Amoroso PJ, Bell NS. The effect of cigarette smoking on musculoskeletal-related disability. Am J Ind Med. 2003;43(4):337–49.
  • Fruth SJ, Ryan JJ, Gahimer JA. The prevalence of health promotion and disease prevention education within physical therapy treatment sessions. J Phys Ther Educ. 1998;12(1):10–6.
  • National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training. Local Stop Smoking Services: Service and delivery guidance 2014. Available at: http://www.ncsct.co.uk/publication_service_and_delivery_guidance_2014.php Accessed on Jan 9, 2017.
  • T.C. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. Aile ve Tüketici Hizmetleri Tütün ve Sigara Bağımlılığından Korunma. Ankara. 2011. Mevcut Link: https://docplayer.biz.tr/20216324-Aile-ve-tuketici-hizmetleri.html Erişim Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2022.
  • Roberts V, Maddison R, Simpson C, Bullen C, Prapavessis H. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect, and smoking behaviour: systematic review update and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2012;222(1):1–15. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2731-z.
  • Goldfarb AH, Jamurtas AZ. Beta-endorphin response to exercise. An update. Sports Med. 1997;24(1):8–16.
  • Arent S, Landers M, Etnier JL. The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: a meta-analytic. J Aging Phys Act. 2000;8:407–30.
  • McKay, H. G., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Lichtenstein, E., & Gau, J. M. Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2008;10(5):e40. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.993.
  • Hassandra, M., Lintunen, T., Hagger, M. S., Heikkinen, R., Vanhala, M., & Kettunen, T. An mHealth App for Supporting Quitters to Manage Cigarette Cravings With Short Bouts of Physical Activity: A Randomized Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2017;5(5):e74. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.6252.
  • Ussher MH, Taylor AH, Faulkner GEJ. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2014;8:CD002295. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002295.pub5.
  • Allen, A. M., Abdelwahab, N. M., Carlson, S., Bosch, T. A., Eberly, L. E., & Okuyemi, K. Effect of brief exercise on urges to smoke in men and women smokers. Addictive behaviors. 2018;77:34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.009.
  • Whiteley, J. A., Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Jennings, E. G., Ciccolo, J. T., Bock, B. C., et al. YMCA commit to quit: randomized trial outcomes. American journal of preventive medicine. 2012;43(3): 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.025.
  • Patten, C. A., Bronars, C. A., Vickers Douglas, K. S., Ussher, M. H., Levine, J. A., Tye, S. J., et al. Supervised, Vigorous Intensity Exercise Intervention for Depressed Female Smokers: A Pilot Study. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2017;19(1):77–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw208.
  • Hassandra, M., Kofou, G., Zourbanos, N., Gratsani, S., Zisi, V., & Theodorakis, Y. Initial evaluation of a smoking cessation program incorporating physical activity promotion to Greek adults in antismoking clinics. Evaluation & the health professions. 2012;35(3):323–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278712445202. Martin JE, Calfas KJ, Patten CA. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one‐year results of project SCRAP‐Tobacco. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997;65(1):190‐4.
  • Ussher M, West R, Doshi R, Sampuran AK. Acute effect of isometric exercise on desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental. 2006;21(1):39‐46.
  • Al‐Chalabi L, Prasad N, Steed L, Stenner S, Aveyard P, Beach J, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of the feasibility of using body scan and isometric exercises for reducing urge to smoke in a smoking cessation clinic. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:349.
  • Prapavessis H, De Jesus S, Fitzgeorge L, Faulkner G, Maddison R, Batten S. Exercise to enhance smoking cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarettes randomized control trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2016;50(3):358-69.
  • Maddison R, Roberts V, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Prapavessis H, Glover M, et al. Exercise counseling to enhance smoking cessation outcomes: the Fit2Quit randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;48(2):194-204.
  • Marcus BH, Lewis BA, Hogan J, King TK, Albrecht AE, Bock B, et al. The eCicacy of moderate-intensity exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: a randomized controlled trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2005;7(6):871-80.
  • Hassandra M, Lintunen T, Hagger MS, Heikkinen R, Vanhala M, Kettunen T. An mHealth app for supporting quitters to manage cigarette cravings with short bouts of physical activity: a randomized pilot feasibility and acceptability study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;26:e74.
  • Bock, B. C., Fava, J. L., Gaskins, R., Morrow, K. M., Williams, D. M., Jennings, E., et al. Yoga as a complementary treatment for smoking cessation in women. Journal of Women's Health. 2012; 21(2):240-248.
  • Bock, B. C., Dunsiger, S. I., Rosen, R. K., Thind, H., Jennings, E., Fava, J. L., et al. Yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation: results from BreathEasy, a randomized clinical trial. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2019; 21(11):1517-1523.

SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 52 - 61, 24.03.2023

Gökçe Kartal Ebru Sever Ufuk Yurdalan

https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387

Öz

SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ
ÖZET
Tütün kullanımının, dünya çapında halk sağlığını tehdit eden sorunlardan biri olduğu ve önlenebilir erken ölümlerin en önemli nedenleri arasında olduğu bilinmektedir. Ayrıca her yaştan bireyin birçok organ ve fizyolojik sisteminin etkilenmesine sebebiyet vermektedir. Sigaranın birçok olumsuz etkisinin olması sağlık profesyonellerinin sigara bırakma konusunda çeşitli tedavi yaklaşımları üzerinde yoğunlaşmasına neden olmuştur. Fizyoterapistlerin hastalar ile daha uzun süreli iletişimde olmaları onların desteklerini önemli kılmaktadır. Fizyoterapistler sigara bırakmada farklı yöntemler kullanmaktadırlar. Rehabilitasyon programlarında genellikle; sağlık profesyonellerinin kullandığı 5A yönergesi ve 3 aşamalı müdahale stratejileri ile fizyoterapistlerin uyguladığı klinik egzersiz programları tercih edilmektedir. Bu klinik egzersiz programlarına aerobik ve izometrik egzersizler ile anksiyeteyi azaltan ve farkındalığı artıran yoga gibi egzersiz çeşitleri dahil edilmektedir. Sigara bırakma amacıyla uygulanan egzersiz programlarının kişiye özgü olması gerektiği ve takip sürecinin kişinin yaşam tarzına göre seçilmesinin sigarayı bırakmada etkili olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Egzersiz, fizyoterapi yaklaşımları, sigara bırakma, tütün kullanımı

Anahtar Kelimeler

egzersiz fizyoterapi yaklaşımları sigara bırakma tütün kullanımı

Kaynakça

  • Ending the Tobacco Epidemic: A Tobacco Control Strategic Action Plan for US Department of Health and Human Services Washington, DC: US Dept of Health and Human Services; 2010. Available at: https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ash/initiatives/tobacco/tobaccostrategicplan2010.pdf Accessed on July 18, 2022.
  • Drope J, Schluger N, Cahn Z, Drope J, Hamill S, Islami F. et al. The Tobacco Atlas. Atlanta: American Cancer Society and Vital Strategies. In the American Cancer Society. Inc. www. tobaccoatlas. org. 2018.
  • Caba J. Each time you smoke, here’s what you're consuming. Healthy Living. [Online] Medical Daily; 2014. Available at: http://www.medicaldaily.com/what-cigarette-chemicals-and-ingredient-list-confirm-how-dangerous-smoking-really-279718 Accessed on July 18, 2022.
  • Leone A. Interactive effect of combined exposure to active and passive smoking on cardiovascular system. Recent Pat Cardiovasc Drug Discov. 2011;6:61–69.
  • Sherwood L. Essentials of physiology: A human perspective. 4th ed. Boston, MA, United States: Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning. 2011.
  • Tobacco. The Clinical Practice Guideline Treating. A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. A US public health service report. Am J Prev Med. 2008;35(2):158–76. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.04.009.
  • Sutherland G. Current approaches to the management of smoking cessation. Drugs. 2002;62(Suppl 2):53-61.
  • Lancaster T, Stead LF. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;18(4):CD000165.
  • Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counseling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2005;18(2):CD001292.
  • Schlam TR, Baker TB. Interventions for tobacco smoking. Annu Rev Clin Psychol. 2013;9:675-702. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185602.
  • Panel TU, Dependence Guideline. Treating Tobacco Use and Dependence: 2008 Update. PsycEXTRA Dataset. 2009. doi:10.1037/e566222009-001.
  • Reid RD, Pritchard G, Walker K, Aitken D, Mullen KA, Pipe AL. Managing smoking cessation. CMAJ. 2016;188(17-18):E484-92. doi:10.1503/cmaj.151510.
  • T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Halk Sağlığı Genel Müdürlüğü. Sigara Bırakma Hizmetleri. Mevcut Link: https://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr/bagimliliklamucadele-haberler/sigara-birakma-hizmetleri.html. Erişim Tarihi: 4 Haziran 2022.
  • Raw M, McNeill A, Murray R. Case studies of tobacco dependence treatment in Brazil, England, ENdia, South Africa and Uruguay. Addiction 2010;105(10):1721−1728.
  • Stead LF, Hartmann‐Boyce J, Perera R, Lancaster T. Telephone counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;(8). doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002850.pub3.
  • Yeşilay. Tütün Bağımlılığı. Mevcut Link: https://www.yesilay.org.tr/tr/yayinlar/afisler. Erişim Tarihi: 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Türkiye Solunum Araştırmaları Derneği. 31 Mayıs Dünya Tütünsüz Günü Basın Bildirisi. Mevcut Link: https://www.solunum.org.tr/birim/18/tutun-kontrolu-calisma-grubu/haber/1354/31-mayis-dunya-tutunsuz-gunu-basin-bildirisi.html. Erişim Tarihi 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Türk Toraks Derneği. Tütün Kontrolü Çalışma Grubu. Mevcut Link: https://toraks.org.tr/site/community/workingGroups/p/V0dfVEJDQ0NP. Erişim Tarihi 17 Haziran 2022.
  • Dean E. Physical therapy in the 21st century (Part I): toward practice informed by epidemiology and the crisis of lifestyle conditions. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009;25(5–6):330–53.
  • Health Disparities Persist Among People With Disabilities. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, US Dept of Health and Human Services. 2007.
  • Bodner ME , Miller WC, Rhodes RE, Dean E. Smoking cessation and counseling: knowledge and views of Canadian physical therapists. Phys Ther. 2011;91:1051–1062.
  • Fiore MC, Jaen CR, Baker TB, Bailey WC, Benowitz LN, Curry SJ, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Rockville MD: Department of Health and Human Services. 2008.
  • Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists, Canadian Association of Social Workers, Canadian Dental Association, Canadian Medical Association, Canadian Nurses Association, Canadian Pharmacists Association, Canadian Physiotherapy Association, Canadian Psychological Association, & Canadian Society of Respiratory Therapists. Tobacco: the role of health professionals in smoking cessation. Joint statement. Journal (Canadian Dental Association). 2001;67(3):134–135.
  • Mills E, Eyawo O, Lockhart I, Kelly S, Wu P, Ebbert JO. Smoking cessation reduces postoperative complications: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med. 2011;124(2):144–54.
  • Lincoln AE, Smith GS, Amoroso PJ, Bell NS. The effect of cigarette smoking on musculoskeletal-related disability. Am J Ind Med. 2003;43(4):337–49.
  • Fruth SJ, Ryan JJ, Gahimer JA. The prevalence of health promotion and disease prevention education within physical therapy treatment sessions. J Phys Ther Educ. 1998;12(1):10–6.
  • National Centre for Smoking Cessation and Training. Local Stop Smoking Services: Service and delivery guidance 2014. Available at: http://www.ncsct.co.uk/publication_service_and_delivery_guidance_2014.php Accessed on Jan 9, 2017.
  • T.C. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. Aile ve Tüketici Hizmetleri Tütün ve Sigara Bağımlılığından Korunma. Ankara. 2011. Mevcut Link: https://docplayer.biz.tr/20216324-Aile-ve-tuketici-hizmetleri.html Erişim Tarihi 18 Temmuz 2022.
  • Roberts V, Maddison R, Simpson C, Bullen C, Prapavessis H. The acute effects of exercise on cigarette cravings, withdrawal symptoms, affect, and smoking behaviour: systematic review update and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology. 2012;222(1):1–15. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2731-z.
  • Goldfarb AH, Jamurtas AZ. Beta-endorphin response to exercise. An update. Sports Med. 1997;24(1):8–16.
  • Arent S, Landers M, Etnier JL. The effects of exercise on mood in older adults: a meta-analytic. J Aging Phys Act. 2000;8:407–30.
  • McKay, H. G., Danaher, B. G., Seeley, J. R., Lichtenstein, E., & Gau, J. M. Comparing two web-based smoking cessation programs: randomized controlled trial. Journal of medical Internet research. 2008;10(5):e40. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.993.
  • Hassandra, M., Lintunen, T., Hagger, M. S., Heikkinen, R., Vanhala, M., & Kettunen, T. An mHealth App for Supporting Quitters to Manage Cigarette Cravings With Short Bouts of Physical Activity: A Randomized Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study. JMIR mHealth and uHealth. 2017;5(5):e74. https://doi.org/10.2196/mhealth.6252.
  • Ussher MH, Taylor AH, Faulkner GEJ. Exercise interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2014;8:CD002295. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD002295.pub5.
  • Allen, A. M., Abdelwahab, N. M., Carlson, S., Bosch, T. A., Eberly, L. E., & Okuyemi, K. Effect of brief exercise on urges to smoke in men and women smokers. Addictive behaviors. 2018;77:34–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.009.
  • Whiteley, J. A., Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Jennings, E. G., Ciccolo, J. T., Bock, B. C., et al. YMCA commit to quit: randomized trial outcomes. American journal of preventive medicine. 2012;43(3): 256–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.05.025.
  • Patten, C. A., Bronars, C. A., Vickers Douglas, K. S., Ussher, M. H., Levine, J. A., Tye, S. J., et al. Supervised, Vigorous Intensity Exercise Intervention for Depressed Female Smokers: A Pilot Study. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. 2017;19(1):77–86. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw208.
  • Hassandra, M., Kofou, G., Zourbanos, N., Gratsani, S., Zisi, V., & Theodorakis, Y. Initial evaluation of a smoking cessation program incorporating physical activity promotion to Greek adults in antismoking clinics. Evaluation & the health professions. 2012;35(3):323–330. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163278712445202. Martin JE, Calfas KJ, Patten CA. Prospective evaluation of three smoking interventions in 205 recovering alcoholics: one‐year results of project SCRAP‐Tobacco. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1997;65(1):190‐4.
  • Ussher M, West R, Doshi R, Sampuran AK. Acute effect of isometric exercise on desire to smoke and tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical & Experimental. 2006;21(1):39‐46.
  • Al‐Chalabi L, Prasad N, Steed L, Stenner S, Aveyard P, Beach J, et al. A pilot randomised controlled trial of the feasibility of using body scan and isometric exercises for reducing urge to smoke in a smoking cessation clinic. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:349.
  • Prapavessis H, De Jesus S, Fitzgeorge L, Faulkner G, Maddison R, Batten S. Exercise to enhance smoking cessation: the Getting Physical on Cigarettes randomized control trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2016;50(3):358-69.
  • Maddison R, Roberts V, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Prapavessis H, Glover M, et al. Exercise counseling to enhance smoking cessation outcomes: the Fit2Quit randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2014;48(2):194-204.
  • Marcus BH, Lewis BA, Hogan J, King TK, Albrecht AE, Bock B, et al. The eCicacy of moderate-intensity exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: a randomized controlled trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 2005;7(6):871-80.
  • Hassandra M, Lintunen T, Hagger MS, Heikkinen R, Vanhala M, Kettunen T. An mHealth app for supporting quitters to manage cigarette cravings with short bouts of physical activity: a randomized pilot feasibility and acceptability study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2017;26:e74.
  • Bock, B. C., Fava, J. L., Gaskins, R., Morrow, K. M., Williams, D. M., Jennings, E., et al. Yoga as a complementary treatment for smoking cessation in women. Journal of Women's Health. 2012; 21(2):240-248.
  • Bock, B. C., Dunsiger, S. I., Rosen, R. K., Thind, H., Jennings, E., Fava, J. L., et al. Yoga as a complementary therapy for smoking cessation: results from BreathEasy, a randomized clinical trial. Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 2019; 21(11):1517-1523.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Gökçe Kartal 0000-0002-2024-4104

Ebru Sever 0000-0002-9974-8718

Ufuk Yurdalan 0000-0003-0985-0100

Yayımlanma Tarihi 24 Mart 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Ağustos 2022
Kabul Tarihi 19 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kartal, G., Sever, E., & Yurdalan, U. (2023). SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 8(1), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387
AMA Kartal G, Sever E, Yurdalan U. SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. Mart 2023;8(1):52-61. doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387
Chicago Kartal, Gökçe, Ebru Sever, ve Ufuk Yurdalan. “SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Mart 2023): 52-61. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387.
EndNote Kartal G, Sever E, Yurdalan U (01 Mart 2023) SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8 1 52–61.
IEEE G. Kartal, E. Sever, ve U. Yurdalan, “SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ”, Gazi sağlık bilim. derg, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 52–61, 2023, doi: 10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387.
ISNAD Kartal, Gökçe vd. “SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 8/1 (Mart 2023), 52-61. https://doi.org/10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387.
JAMA Kartal G, Sever E, Yurdalan U. SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. 2023;8:52–61.
MLA Kartal, Gökçe vd. “SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ”. Gazi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2023, ss. 52-61, doi:10.52881/gsbdergi.1167387.
Vancouver Kartal G, Sever E, Yurdalan U. SİGARA BIRAKMADA FİZYOTERAPİ PERSPEKTİFİ. Gazi sağlık bilim. derg. 2023;8(1):52-61.
 Kapak Resmi İndir