Zeytin (Olea europaea L.) Yaprağının Eter Ekstresi: Sıçanlarda Streptozotosin Kaynaklı Oksidatif Stres Üzerine Potansiyel Etkisi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, zengin fenolik içeriği ve sağlığa yararlı etkileri nedeniyle zeytin (Olea europaea L.) yaprağının eter ekstresinin sıçanlarda streptozotosin (STZ) kaynaklı oksidatif stres üzerine koruyucu etkilerini incelemektir.
Sıçanlarda diyabet STZ (40 mg/kg) ile intraperitoneal olarak indüklendi. İndüksiyonu takiben lipit peroksidasyonu, kan glukozu ve karaciğer enzimleri (AST, ALP ve ALT) düzeylerinde belirgin artışlar gözlendi. Ayrıca diyabetik sıçanların GST, GPx ve SOD aktivitelerinde önemli azalmalar oldu. Sıçanlar, 14 gün boyunca oral gavaj ile iki farklı dozdaki eter ekstresi ile tedavi edildi. Tedavinin sonunda, diyabetik sıçanların lipit peroksidasyonunda ve karaciğer enzim seviyelerinde azalma ve antioksidan enzim aktivitelerinde artış gözlendi. Ancak bu değerler sağlıklı sıçanların normal seviyelerine yakın değildi. İlginç bir şekilde, tedavi boyunca tüm gruplarda kan glukoz seviyeleri arasında anlamlı bir fark yoktu.
Sonuç olarak bulgularımız, tedavi süresinin yeterli olmaması nedeniyle sıçanlarda STZ kaynaklı oksidatif hasara karşı zeytin yaprağının eter ekstresinin kısmen koruyucu bir role sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Zeytin yaprağının anti-diyabetik etkisi, içerdiği bazı doğal fenolik bileşiklerin varlığından dolayı olabilir. Ayrıca yaprakların diyabet yönetiminde potansiyel terapötik ilaçlar veya diyet takviyeleri olarak kullanılabileceği kanaatindeyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antioxidant Ether Extract Olive Leaf Oxidative Stress Streptozotocin
Destekleyen Kurum
Atatürk Üniversitesi
Proje Numarası
B.30.2.ATA.0.22.02.00-208
Teşekkür
Atatürk Üniversitesi Bap Birimine desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederiz.
Kaynakça
- 1. Himsworth, H.P. (1939). "The Mechanism of Diabetes Mellitus". The Lancet, 234 (6047), 171-176.
- 2. Wood, M.E. (1998). "New Criteria for the Detection, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus". Nurse Practitioner Forum, 9 (2), 38-41.
- 3. International Diabetes Federation. (2015). "IDF Diabetes Atlas". Retrieved: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/seventh-edition/. (Accessed: March 26, 2021).
- 4. Pham-Huy, L.A, He, H. and Pham-Huy, C. (2008). "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health". International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4 (2), 89-96.
- 5. Alipour, G, Dashti, S. and Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). "Review of Pharmacological Effects of Myrtus Communis L. and Its Active Constituents". Phytotherapy Research, 28 (8), 1125-36.
- 6. Wu, H, Cai, L, de Haan, J.B. and Giacconi, R. (2018). "Targeting Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Complications: New Insights". Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018 1909675.
- 7. Eidi, A, Eidi, M. and Darzi, R. (2009). "Antidiabetic Effect of Olea Europaea L. in Normal and Diabetic Rats". Phytotherapy Research, 23 (3), 347-50.
- 8. Al-Azzawie, H.F. and Alhamdani, M.S. (2006). "Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effect of Oleuropein in Alloxan-Diabetic Rabbits". Life Sciences, 78 (12), 1371-7.
- 9. Davi, G, Falco, A. and Patrono, C. (2005). "Lipid Peroxidation in Diabetes Mellitus". Antioxidant and Redox Signaling, 7 (1-2), 256-68.
- 10. Lutchmansingh, F.K, Hsu, J.W, Bennett, F.I. and Badaloo, A.V. (2018). "Glutathione Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Microvascular Complications and Glycemia". Plos One, 13 (6), e0198626.
- 11. Jemai, H, El Feki, A. and Sayadi, S. (2009). "Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein from Olive Leaves in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (19), 8798-804.
- 12. Raskin, I, Ribnicky, D.M, Komarnytsky, S. and Ilic, N. (2002). "Plants and Human Health in the Twenty-First Century". Trends in Biotechnology, 20 (12), 522-31.
- 13. El, S.N. and Karakaya, S. (2009). "Olive Tree (Olea Europaea) Leaves: Potential Beneficial Effects on Human Health". Nutrition Reviews, 67 (11), 632-8.
- 14. Soni, M, Burdock, G, Christian, M. and Bitler, C. (2006). "Safety Assessment of Aqueous Olive Pulp Extract as an Antioxidant or Antimicrobial Agent in Foods". Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44 (7), 903-15.
- 15. Somova, L.I, Shode, F.O, Ramnanan, P. and Nadar, A. (2003). "Antihypertensive, Antiatherosclerotic and Antioxidant Activity of Triterpenoids Isolated from Olea Europaea, Subspecies Africana Leaves". Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84 (2-3), 299-305.
- 16. Lee, O.H. and Lee, B.Y. (2010). "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual and Combined Phenolics in Olea Europaea Leaf Extract". Bioresource Technology, 101 (10), 3751-4.
- 17. Visioli, F, Bellomo, G. and Galli, C. (1998). "Free Radical-Scavenging Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 247 (1), 60-4.
- 18. Benavente-Garcıa, O, Castillo, J, Lorente, J. and Ortuño, A. (2000). "Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics Extracted from Olea Europaea L. Leaves". Food Chemistry, 68 (4), 457-62.
- 19. Aggul, A.G, Gulaboglu, M, Cetin, M, Ozakar, E, Ozakar Sevinc, R. and Aydin, T. (2020). "Effects of Emulsion Formulations of Oleuropein Isolated from Ethanol Extract of Olive Leaf in Diabetic Rats". Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 92 (4), e20190810. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190 810
- 20. Gur, F, Aggul, A.G. and Gulaboglu, M. (2020). "Su Ile Hazırlanan Zeytin Yaprağı Özütünün Ratlarda Streptozotosin Kaynaklı Oksidatif Stres ve Lipit Peroksidasyonu Üzerine Etkileri". Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (4), 2406-15. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.784425
- 21. Aggul, A.G, Gur, F. and Gulaboglu, M. (2020). "Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats: The Protective Role of Olive Leaf Extract". Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 42 (2), 180-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs. 12157
- 22. El-Amin, M, Virk, P, Elobeid, M. and Almarhoon, Z.M. (2013). "Anti-Diabetic Effect of Murraya Koenigii (L) and Olea Europaea (L) Leaf Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats". Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 26 (2), 359-65.
- 23. Szkudelski, T. (2001). "The Mechanism of Alloxan and Streptozotocin Action in B Cells of the Rat Pancreas". Physiological Research, 50 (6), 537-46.
- 24. Abubakar, A.R. and Haque, M. (2020). "Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes". Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4103 /jpbs.JPBS_175_19
- 25. Sun, Y, Oberley, L.W. and Li, Y. (1988). "A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase". Clinical Chemistry, 34 (3), 497-500.
- 26. Habig, W.H, Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. (1974). "Glutathione S-Transferases: The First Enzymatic Step in Mercapturic Acid Formation". Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249 (22), 7130-39.
- 27. Paglia, D.E. and Valentine, W.N. (1967). "Studies on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase". Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 70 (1), 158-69.
- 28. Jain, S.K, McVie, R, Duett, J. and Herbst, J.J. (1989). "Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Diabetes". Diabetes, 38 (12), 1539-43.
- 29. Bradford, M.M. (1976). "A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding". Analytical Biochemistry, 72 248-54.
- 30. Lobo, V, Patil, A, Phatak, A. and Chandra, N. (2010). "Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Functional Foods: Impact on Human Health". Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4 (8), 118-26.
- 31. Hamden, K, Allouche, N, Damak, M. and Elfeki, A. (2009). "Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effects of Phenolic Extracts and Purified Hydroxytyrosol from Olive Mill Waste in Vitro and in Rats". Chemico-Biological Interactions, 180 (3), 421-32.
- 32. Panjeshahin, M.R, Azadbakht, M. and Akbari, N. (2016). "Antidiabetic Activity of Different Extracts of Myrtus Communis in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats". Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 23 (2), 183-90.
- 33. Ceriello, A. (2000). "Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation". Metabolism, 49 (2 Suppl 1), 27-9.
- 34. Asmat, U, Abad, K. and Ismail, K. (2016). "Diabetes Mellitus and Oxidative Stress-A Concise Review". Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24 (5), 547-53.
- 35. Ghosh, S, Bhattacharyya, S, Rashid, K. and Sil, P.C. (2015). "Curcumin Protects Rat Liver from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Pathophysiology by Counteracting Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting the Activation of P53 and Mapks Mediated Stress Response Pathways". Toxicology Reports, 2 365-76.
- 36. Ito, F, Sono, Y. and Ito, T. (2019). "Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation". Antioxidants, 8 (3), 72.
- 37. Ayala, A, Munoz, M.F. and Arguelles, S. (2014). "Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014 360438.
Ether Extract of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaf: Potential Effect on Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats
Öz
The study’s aim is to investigate the protective effects of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf ether extract, due to its rich phenolic content and beneficial health effects, on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced oxidative stress in rats.
Diabetes in rats was intraperitoneally induced by STZ (40 mg/kg). Following the induction, significant increases in lipid peroxidation, blood glucose, and the levels of the hepatic enzymes (AST, ALP, and ALT) were observed. Moreover, there were significant decreases in GST, GPx, and SOD activities of the diabetic rats. The animals were treated with the ether extracts at two different doses by oral gavage for 14 days. At the end of the treatment, a decrease in lipid peroxidation and the hepatic enzyme levels of the diabetic rats and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities were observed. However, these values were not close to normal levels of the healthy rats. Interestingly, there were no significant differences between the blood glucose levels in all the groups throughout the treatment.
As a result, our findings have shown that the ether extract of olive leaf partially has a protective role on the STZ-induced oxidative damage in the rats due to inadequate treatment period. The antidiabetic effect of olive leaf might be due to some natural phenolic compounds it contains. In addition, we believe that the leaves could be used as potential therapeutic drugs or dietary supplements in diabetes management.
Keywords: Antioxidant, Ether Extract, Olive Leaf, Oxidative Stress, Streptozotocin
Anahtar Kelimeler
Antioxidant Ether Extract Olive Leaf Oxidative Stress Streptozotocin
Proje Numarası
B.30.2.ATA.0.22.02.00-208
Kaynakça
- 1. Himsworth, H.P. (1939). "The Mechanism of Diabetes Mellitus". The Lancet, 234 (6047), 171-176.
- 2. Wood, M.E. (1998). "New Criteria for the Detection, Diagnosis, and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus". Nurse Practitioner Forum, 9 (2), 38-41.
- 3. International Diabetes Federation. (2015). "IDF Diabetes Atlas". Retrieved: https://diabetesatlas.org/atlas/seventh-edition/. (Accessed: March 26, 2021).
- 4. Pham-Huy, L.A, He, H. and Pham-Huy, C. (2008). "Free Radicals, Antioxidants in Disease and Health". International Journal of Biomedical Science, 4 (2), 89-96.
- 5. Alipour, G, Dashti, S. and Hosseinzadeh, H. (2014). "Review of Pharmacological Effects of Myrtus Communis L. and Its Active Constituents". Phytotherapy Research, 28 (8), 1125-36.
- 6. Wu, H, Cai, L, de Haan, J.B. and Giacconi, R. (2018). "Targeting Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Complications: New Insights". Journal of Diabetes Research, 2018 1909675.
- 7. Eidi, A, Eidi, M. and Darzi, R. (2009). "Antidiabetic Effect of Olea Europaea L. in Normal and Diabetic Rats". Phytotherapy Research, 23 (3), 347-50.
- 8. Al-Azzawie, H.F. and Alhamdani, M.S. (2006). "Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effect of Oleuropein in Alloxan-Diabetic Rabbits". Life Sciences, 78 (12), 1371-7.
- 9. Davi, G, Falco, A. and Patrono, C. (2005). "Lipid Peroxidation in Diabetes Mellitus". Antioxidant and Redox Signaling, 7 (1-2), 256-68.
- 10. Lutchmansingh, F.K, Hsu, J.W, Bennett, F.I. and Badaloo, A.V. (2018). "Glutathione Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Relationship with Microvascular Complications and Glycemia". Plos One, 13 (6), e0198626.
- 11. Jemai, H, El Feki, A. and Sayadi, S. (2009). "Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Effects of Hydroxytyrosol and Oleuropein from Olive Leaves in Alloxan-Diabetic Rats". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57 (19), 8798-804.
- 12. Raskin, I, Ribnicky, D.M, Komarnytsky, S. and Ilic, N. (2002). "Plants and Human Health in the Twenty-First Century". Trends in Biotechnology, 20 (12), 522-31.
- 13. El, S.N. and Karakaya, S. (2009). "Olive Tree (Olea Europaea) Leaves: Potential Beneficial Effects on Human Health". Nutrition Reviews, 67 (11), 632-8.
- 14. Soni, M, Burdock, G, Christian, M. and Bitler, C. (2006). "Safety Assessment of Aqueous Olive Pulp Extract as an Antioxidant or Antimicrobial Agent in Foods". Food and Chemical Toxicology, 44 (7), 903-15.
- 15. Somova, L.I, Shode, F.O, Ramnanan, P. and Nadar, A. (2003). "Antihypertensive, Antiatherosclerotic and Antioxidant Activity of Triterpenoids Isolated from Olea Europaea, Subspecies Africana Leaves". Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84 (2-3), 299-305.
- 16. Lee, O.H. and Lee, B.Y. (2010). "Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual and Combined Phenolics in Olea Europaea Leaf Extract". Bioresource Technology, 101 (10), 3751-4.
- 17. Visioli, F, Bellomo, G. and Galli, C. (1998). "Free Radical-Scavenging Properties of Olive Oil Polyphenols". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 247 (1), 60-4.
- 18. Benavente-Garcıa, O, Castillo, J, Lorente, J. and Ortuño, A. (2000). "Antioxidant Activity of Phenolics Extracted from Olea Europaea L. Leaves". Food Chemistry, 68 (4), 457-62.
- 19. Aggul, A.G, Gulaboglu, M, Cetin, M, Ozakar, E, Ozakar Sevinc, R. and Aydin, T. (2020). "Effects of Emulsion Formulations of Oleuropein Isolated from Ethanol Extract of Olive Leaf in Diabetic Rats". Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciencias, 92 (4), e20190810. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202020190 810
- 20. Gur, F, Aggul, A.G. and Gulaboglu, M. (2020). "Su Ile Hazırlanan Zeytin Yaprağı Özütünün Ratlarda Streptozotosin Kaynaklı Oksidatif Stres ve Lipit Peroksidasyonu Üzerine Etkileri". Iğdır Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10 (4), 2406-15. https://doi.org/10.21597/jist.784425
- 21. Aggul, A.G, Gur, F. and Gulaboglu, M. (2020). "Streptozotocin-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats: The Protective Role of Olive Leaf Extract". Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society, 42 (2), 180-87. https://doi.org/10.1002/bkcs. 12157
- 22. El-Amin, M, Virk, P, Elobeid, M. and Almarhoon, Z.M. (2013). "Anti-Diabetic Effect of Murraya Koenigii (L) and Olea Europaea (L) Leaf Extracts on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats". Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 26 (2), 359-65.
- 23. Szkudelski, T. (2001). "The Mechanism of Alloxan and Streptozotocin Action in B Cells of the Rat Pancreas". Physiological Research, 50 (6), 537-46.
- 24. Abubakar, A.R. and Haque, M. (2020). "Preparation of Medicinal Plants: Basic Extraction and Fractionation Procedures for Experimental Purposes". Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences, 12 (1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4103 /jpbs.JPBS_175_19
- 25. Sun, Y, Oberley, L.W. and Li, Y. (1988). "A Simple Method for Clinical Assay of Superoxide Dismutase". Clinical Chemistry, 34 (3), 497-500.
- 26. Habig, W.H, Pabst, M.J. and Jakoby, W.B. (1974). "Glutathione S-Transferases: The First Enzymatic Step in Mercapturic Acid Formation". Journal of Biological Chemistry, 249 (22), 7130-39.
- 27. Paglia, D.E. and Valentine, W.N. (1967). "Studies on the Quantitative and Qualitative Characterization of Erythrocyte Glutathione Peroxidase". Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 70 (1), 158-69.
- 28. Jain, S.K, McVie, R, Duett, J. and Herbst, J.J. (1989). "Erythrocyte Membrane Lipid Peroxidation and Glycosylated Hemoglobin in Diabetes". Diabetes, 38 (12), 1539-43.
- 29. Bradford, M.M. (1976). "A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Protein Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding". Analytical Biochemistry, 72 248-54.
- 30. Lobo, V, Patil, A, Phatak, A. and Chandra, N. (2010). "Free Radicals, Antioxidants and Functional Foods: Impact on Human Health". Pharmacognosy Reviews, 4 (8), 118-26.
- 31. Hamden, K, Allouche, N, Damak, M. and Elfeki, A. (2009). "Hypoglycemic and Antioxidant Effects of Phenolic Extracts and Purified Hydroxytyrosol from Olive Mill Waste in Vitro and in Rats". Chemico-Biological Interactions, 180 (3), 421-32.
- 32. Panjeshahin, M.R, Azadbakht, M. and Akbari, N. (2016). "Antidiabetic Activity of Different Extracts of Myrtus Communis in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats". Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 23 (2), 183-90.
- 33. Ceriello, A. (2000). "Oxidative Stress and Glycemic Regulation". Metabolism, 49 (2 Suppl 1), 27-9.
- 34. Asmat, U, Abad, K. and Ismail, K. (2016). "Diabetes Mellitus and Oxidative Stress-A Concise Review". Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 24 (5), 547-53.
- 35. Ghosh, S, Bhattacharyya, S, Rashid, K. and Sil, P.C. (2015). "Curcumin Protects Rat Liver from Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Pathophysiology by Counteracting Reactive Oxygen Species and Inhibiting the Activation of P53 and Mapks Mediated Stress Response Pathways". Toxicology Reports, 2 365-76.
- 36. Ito, F, Sono, Y. and Ito, T. (2019). "Measurement and Clinical Significance of Lipid Peroxidation as a Biomarker of Oxidative Stress: Oxidative Stress in Diabetes, Atherosclerosis, and Chronic Inflammation". Antioxidants, 8 (3), 72.
- 37. Ayala, A, Munoz, M.F. and Arguelles, S. (2014). "Lipid Peroxidation: Production, Metabolism, and Signaling Mechanisms of Malondialdehyde and 4-Hydroxy-2-Nonenal". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014 360438.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | B.30.2.ATA.0.22.02.00-208 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 19 Mart 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 1 |
