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The Relationship Between Nurses’ Perceived Risk of COVID-19, Knowledge, Use and Attitudes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices During The Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 158 - 168, 21.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54189/hbd.1193952

Öz

Background: The study aimed to determine the relationship between nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19, knowledge, use and attitudes of complementary and alternative medicine practices during the pandemic.
Methods: The cross-sectional research was conducted between February 2021 and March 2021 in a training and research hospital in Turkey. The sample consisted of 250 nurses who volunteered to participate in the study and met the inclusion criteria. The data were collected with the Personal Information Form, the Attitudes Towards Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire, and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale. The Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis test and Spearman’s correlation test were used for data analysis.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 31.17±7.65. The mean scores of Holistic Complementary Alternative Medicine Questionnaire of the participants who used complementary and alternative medicine practices to protect themselves against COVID-19 were significantly lower than the mean scores of the participants who did not use (Z=3851; p=0.018). No statistically significant correlation was found between the mean scores of Holistic Complementary Alternative Medicine Questionnaire of the participants and the COVID-19 Perceived Risk Scale (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the perceived COVID-19 risk level of the nurses was above the average and the level of knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine practices was low. It also determined that the nurses’ perceived risk of COVID-19 and their attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine practices were not related to each other.

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

We would like to thank the nurses who participated in this study.

Kaynakça

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  • 4. Ahmed I., Hasan M., Akter R., Sarkar B.K., Rahman M. & Sarker M.S. (2020). Behavioral preventive measures and the use of medicines and herbal products among the public in response to Covid-19 in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243706.
  • 5. Aktas B. (2017). Attitudes of nursing students toward holistic complemantary and alternative medicine. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing. 3(2), 55-59. doi:10.5222/jaren.2017.055.
  • 6. Alyami H.S., Orabi M.A.A., Aldhabbah F.M., Alturki H.N., Aburas W.I. & Alfayez A.I. (2020). Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal products during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(11), 1326-1332. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.023.
  • 7. Balouchi A., Mahmoudirad G., Hastings-Tolsma M., Shorofi S.A., Shahdadi H. & Abdollahimohammad A. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and use of complementary and alternative medicine among nurses: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31(2), 146-157. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.02.008.
  • 8. Benzeval M. & Judge K. (2001). Income and health : the time dimension. Social Science & Medicine, 52(9), 1371-1390. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00244-6.
  • 9. Brooks S.K., Webster R.K., Smith L.E., Woodland L., Wessely S., Greenberg N. & Rubin G.J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • 10. Brug J., Aro A.R., Oenema A., Zwart O.D., Richardus J.H. & Bishop G.D. (2004). SARS risk perception, knowledge, precautions, and information sources, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(8), 1486-1489. doi:10.3201/eid1008.040283.
  • 11. Contreras-Yanez I., Cabrera-Vanegas A., Robledo-Torres A., Caceres-Giles C., Valverde-Hernandez S., Dadilla-Ortiz D.P., Guaracha-Basanez G.A. & Pascual-Ramos V. (2020). Association of significant risk perception with the use of complementary and alternative medicine: A cross-sectional study in Hispanic patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One, 15(8): e0237504. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237504.
  • 12. Cutshall S., Derscheid D., Miers A.G., Ruegg S., Schroeder B.J. & Tucker S. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes, and use of complementary and alternative therapies among clinical nurse specialists in an academic medical center. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 24(3), 125-131. doi:10.1097/NUR.0b013e3181d86cd1.
  • 13. Demirbag B.C., Kurtuncu M. & Erkaya R. (2015). Attitudes towards the holistic complementary and alternative medicine: midwives working in the family health care in Turkey. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 3(1D), 261-266.
  • 14. Erci B. (2007). Attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine: A sample of healthy people in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(4), 761-768. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01655.x.
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  • 16. Fox P., Coughlan B., Butler M. & Kelleher C. (2010). Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) use in Ireland: A secondary analysis of SLAN data. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(2), 95-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2010.02.001.
  • 17. Günalan E., Kaya Cebioglu İ. & Çonak Ö. (2021). The popularity of the biologically-based therapies during coronavirus pandemic among the google users in the USA, UK, Germany, Italy and France. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 58(3), 102682. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102682.
  • 18. Gyasi R.M., Abass K., Adu-Gyamfi S. & Accam B.T. (2017). Nurses' knowledge, clinical practice and attitude towards unconventional medicine: Implications for intercultural healthcare. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 29(4), 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.07.001.
  • 19. Hamulka J., Jeruszka-Bielak M., Zielinska-Pukos M.A., Magdalena G. & Drywie M.E. (2021). Dietary supplements during COVID-19 Outbreak. Results of google trends analysis supported by PLife COVID-19 online studies. Nutrients, 13(1), 54. doi:10.3390/nu13010054.
  • 20. Harapan H., Anwar S., Nainu F., Setiawan A.M., Yufika A. & Winardi W. (2020). Perceived risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2: A perspective from Indonesia. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 16(2), 55-59. doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.351.
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  • 24. Hyland M.E., Lewith G.T. & Westoby C. (2003) . Developing a measure of attitudes : the holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 11(1), 33-38. doi:10.1016/s0965-2299(02)00113-9.
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Pandemi Sürecinde, Hemşirelerin Algılanan COVID-19 Riski ile Geleneksel ve Tamamlayıcı Tıp Uygulamaları Bilgisi, Kullanımı ve Tutumları Arasındaki İlişki: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3, 158 - 168, 21.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.54189/hbd.1193952

Öz

Giriş: Bu çalışmada pandemi sürecinde, hemşirelerin algılanan COVID-19 riski ile geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamaları bilgisi, kullanımı ve tutumları arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: Çalışma, Şubat 2021 - Mart 2021 tarihleri arasında bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde ve kesitsel araştırma tasarımında yürütülmüştür. Örneklemi, araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü ve çalışmaya dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan 250 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma verileri Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Bütüncül Tamamlayıcı ve Alternatif Tıbba Karşı Tutum Ölçeği ile Algılanan COVID-19 Riski Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler Mann Whitney U testi, Kruskal Wallis testi, ve Spearman’s korelasyon testi ile analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 31.17±7.65’tir. COVID-19’dan korunmak için geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarını kullanan katılımcıların Bütüncül Alternatif ve Tamamlayıcı Tıbba Karşı Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının, kullanmayanların puan ortalamalarından anlamlı ölçüde düşük olduğu saptanmıştır (Z=3851; p=0.018). Katılımcıların Bütüncül Alternatif ve Tamamlayıcı Tıbba Karşı Tutum Ölçeği puan ortalamaları ile Algılanan COVID-19 Riski Ölçeği puanı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı saptanmıştır (p >0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmada hemşirelerin algılanan COVID-19 riski düzeyinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu ve geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarına ilişkin bilgi düzeyinin düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir. Algılanan COVID-19 riski ile geleneksel ve tamamlayıcı tıp uygulamalarına ilişkin tutumlarının birbiri ile ilişkili olmadığı ortaya konulmuştur.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • 1. Abdel Wahed W.Y., Hefzy E.M., Ahmed M.I. & Hamed N.S. (2020). Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and perception of health care workers regarding COVID-19, a cross-sectional study from Egypt. Journal of Community Health, 45(6), 1242-1251. doi:10.1007/s10900-020-00882-0.
  • 2. Abun D., Magallanes T. & Incarnacion M.J. (2019). College students’ cognitive and affective attitude toward higher education and their academic engagement. International Journal of English, Literature and Social Science, 4(5), 1494–1507.
  • 3. Adams K.K., Baker W.L. & Sobieraj D.M. (2020). Myth Busters: Dietary supplements and COVID-19. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 54(8), 820-826. doi:10.1177/1060028020928052.
  • 4. Ahmed I., Hasan M., Akter R., Sarkar B.K., Rahman M. & Sarker M.S. (2020). Behavioral preventive measures and the use of medicines and herbal products among the public in response to Covid-19 in Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 15(12), e0243706. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243706.
  • 5. Aktas B. (2017). Attitudes of nursing students toward holistic complemantary and alternative medicine. Journal of Academic Research in Nursing. 3(2), 55-59. doi:10.5222/jaren.2017.055.
  • 6. Alyami H.S., Orabi M.A.A., Aldhabbah F.M., Alturki H.N., Aburas W.I. & Alfayez A.I. (2020). Knowledge about COVID-19 and beliefs about and use of herbal products during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 28(11), 1326-1332. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.023.
  • 7. Balouchi A., Mahmoudirad G., Hastings-Tolsma M., Shorofi S.A., Shahdadi H. & Abdollahimohammad A. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and use of complementary and alternative medicine among nurses: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 31(2), 146-157. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.02.008.
  • 8. Benzeval M. & Judge K. (2001). Income and health : the time dimension. Social Science & Medicine, 52(9), 1371-1390. doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00244-6.
  • 9. Brooks S.K., Webster R.K., Smith L.E., Woodland L., Wessely S., Greenberg N. & Rubin G.J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.
  • 10. Brug J., Aro A.R., Oenema A., Zwart O.D., Richardus J.H. & Bishop G.D. (2004). SARS risk perception, knowledge, precautions, and information sources, the Netherlands. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10(8), 1486-1489. doi:10.3201/eid1008.040283.
  • 11. Contreras-Yanez I., Cabrera-Vanegas A., Robledo-Torres A., Caceres-Giles C., Valverde-Hernandez S., Dadilla-Ortiz D.P., Guaracha-Basanez G.A. & Pascual-Ramos V. (2020). Association of significant risk perception with the use of complementary and alternative medicine: A cross-sectional study in Hispanic patients with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One, 15(8): e0237504. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0237504.
  • 12. Cutshall S., Derscheid D., Miers A.G., Ruegg S., Schroeder B.J. & Tucker S. (2010). Knowledge, attitudes, and use of complementary and alternative therapies among clinical nurse specialists in an academic medical center. Clinical Nurse Specialist, 24(3), 125-131. doi:10.1097/NUR.0b013e3181d86cd1.
  • 13. Demirbag B.C., Kurtuncu M. & Erkaya R. (2015). Attitudes towards the holistic complementary and alternative medicine: midwives working in the family health care in Turkey. Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences, 3(1D), 261-266.
  • 14. Erci B. (2007). Attitudes towards holistic complementary and alternative medicine: A sample of healthy people in Turkey. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16(4), 761-768. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01655.x.
  • 15. Fouladbakhsh J.M. & Stommel M. (2007). Using the behavioral model for complementary and alternative medicine : The CAM healthcare model. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, 4(1), 11. doi:10.2202/1553-3840.1035.
  • 16. Fox P., Coughlan B., Butler M. & Kelleher C. (2010). Complementary alternative medicine (CAM) use in Ireland: A secondary analysis of SLAN data. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 18(2), 95-103. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2010.02.001.
  • 17. Günalan E., Kaya Cebioglu İ. & Çonak Ö. (2021). The popularity of the biologically-based therapies during coronavirus pandemic among the google users in the USA, UK, Germany, Italy and France. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 58(3), 102682. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102682.
  • 18. Gyasi R.M., Abass K., Adu-Gyamfi S. & Accam B.T. (2017). Nurses' knowledge, clinical practice and attitude towards unconventional medicine: Implications for intercultural healthcare. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 29(4), 1–8. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.07.001.
  • 19. Hamulka J., Jeruszka-Bielak M., Zielinska-Pukos M.A., Magdalena G. & Drywie M.E. (2021). Dietary supplements during COVID-19 Outbreak. Results of google trends analysis supported by PLife COVID-19 online studies. Nutrients, 13(1), 54. doi:10.3390/nu13010054.
  • 20. Harapan H., Anwar S., Nainu F., Setiawan A.M., Yufika A. & Winardi W. (2020). Perceived risk of being infected with SARS-CoV-2: A perspective from Indonesia. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 16(2), 55-59. doi:10.1017/dmp.2020.351.
  • 21. Hassan Z., Ullah A.R., Ali I., Aqeel S., Khan J.Z., Shah S.Z.A., Zeb A. & Hussain A. (2020). Knowledge, risk perception and information sources regarding Covid-19 among allied healthcare workers in Peshawar. Annals of King Edward Medical University, 26(special issue), 269-275.
  • 22. Hinkle D., Wiersma W. & Jurs S. (2003). Applied Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences 5th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
  • 23. Hwang J.H., Cho H.J., Bin I.H., Jung Y.S., Choi S.J. & Han D. (2020). Complementary and alternative medicine use among outpatients during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea: a cross-sectional study. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20(1), 1-10. doi:10.1186/s12906-020-02945-0.
  • 24. Hyland M.E., Lewith G.T. & Westoby C. (2003) . Developing a measure of attitudes : the holistic complementary and alternative medicine questionnaire. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 11(1), 33-38. doi:10.1016/s0965-2299(02)00113-9.
  • 25. Isik K., Ünver H. & Yildirim H. (2020). The relationship between the attitudes of individuals towards traditional and complementary alternative treatment and their health perceptions. Journal of Public Health, 28(6), 745-750. doi:10.1007/s10389-020-01233-y.
  • 26. Kang L., Ma S., Chen M., Yang J., Wang Y. & Li R. (2020). Impact on mental health and perceptions of psychological care among medical and nursing staff in Wuhan during the 2019 novel coronavirus disease outbreak: A cross-sectional study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87(5), 11-17. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.028.
  • 27. Koç E. & Baltacı N. (2018). Knowledge, use and attitude of intern nursing/midwifery students with regard to complementary and alternative medicine. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(1), 10-16.
  • 28. Labrague L.J. & De Los Santos J.A.A. (2020). COVID-19 anxiety among front-line nurses : Predictive role of organisational support, personal resilience and social support. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(7), 1653-1661. doi:10.1111/jonm.13121.
  • 29. Mo Y., Deng L., Zhang L., Lang Q., Liao C. & Wang N. (2020). Work stress among Chinese nurses to support Wuhan in fighting against COVID-19 epidemic. Journal of Nursing Management, 28(5), 1002-1009. doi:10.1111/jonm.13014.
  • 30. Mukaka M.M. (2012). Statistics corner: A guide to appropriate use of correlation coefficient in medical research. Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69-71.
  • 31. Nejatian M., Alami A., Tehrani H., Lael-Monfared E., & A. Jafari. (2018). Perceptions and personal use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) by Iranian health care providers. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 32(3), 145-150. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2018.06.002.
  • 32. Nilashi M., Samad S., Yusuf S.Y.M. & Akbari E. (2020). Can complementary and alternative medicines be beneficial in the treatment of COVID-19 through improving immune system function? Journal of Infection and Public Health, 13(6), 893-896. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.05.009.
  • 33. Ozdemir D. & Arpacıoglu S. (2020). The effect of social media use, health perception and health-seeking behavior on fear of coronavirus. Current Approaches in Psychiatry, 12(Suppl 1), 364-381. doi:10.18863/pgy.803145.
  • 34. Shahrajabian M.H., Sun W., Shen H. & Cheng Q. (2020). Chinese herbal medicine for SARS and SARS-CoV-2 treatment and prevention, encouraging using herbal medicine for COVID-19 outbreak. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B Soil & Plant Science, 70(5), 437-443. doi:10.1080/09064710.2020.1763448.
  • 35. Shorofi S.A. & Arbon P. (2010). Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and professional use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM): A survey at five metropolitan hospitals in Adelaide. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 16(4), 229-234. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2010.05.008.
  • 36. Shorofi S.A. & Arbon P. (2017). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among Australian hospital-based nurses: knowledge, attitude, personal and professional use, reasons for use, CAM referrals, and socio-demographic predictors of CAM users. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 27(2), 37-45. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.03.001.
  • 37. Shorofi S.A. (2011). Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among hospitalised patients: Reported use of CAM and reasons for use, CAM preferred during hospitalisation, and the socio-demographic determinants of CAM users. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice, 17(4), 199-205. doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2011.05.001.
  • 38. Silva E., Ono B. & Souza J. (2020). Sleep and immunity in times of COVID-19. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 66(Suppl 2), 143-147. doi:10.1590/18069282.66.S2.143.
  • 39. Simsek B., Aksoy D.Y., Basaran N.C., Tas D., Albasan D. & Kalayci M.Z. (2017). Mapping traditional complementary medicine in Turkey. European Journal of Integrative Medicine, 15(7), 68-72. doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2017.09.006.
  • 40. Stawicki S., Jeanmonod R., Miller A., Paladino L., Gaieski D. & Yaffee A. (2020). The 2019-2020 novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic: A joint american college of academic international medicine-world academic council of emergency medicine multidisciplinary COVID-19 working group consensus paper. Journal of Global Infectious Diseases, 12(2), 47-93. doi:10.4103/jgid.jgid_86_20.
  • 41. Teke N., Özer Z. & Bahçecioǧlu Turan G. (2021). Analysis of health care personnel’s attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine and life satisfaction due to COVID-19 pandemic. Holistic Nursing Practice, 35(2), 98-107. doi:10.1097/HNP.0000000000000431.
  • 42. To K.K.W., Hung I.F.N., Ip J.D., Chu A.W.H., Chan W.M., Tam A.R., Fong C.H.Y., Yuan S., Tsoi H.W., Ng A.C.K., Lee L.L.Y., Wan P., Tso E.Y.K., To W.K., Tsang D.N.C., Chan K.H., Huang J.D., Kok K.H., Cheng V.C.C., Yuen K.Y. (2021). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reinfection by a phylogenetically distinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 strain confirmed by whole genome sequencing. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 73(9), e2946-e2951. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1275.
  • 43. Toprak F.U., Uysal N., Erenel A.S. & Kutluturkan S. (2019). Determination of practices and attitudes of oncology nurses, cancer patients and patient relatives about complementary - Alternative medicine applications. Gazi Medical Journal, 30(3), 258-262. doi:10.12996/gmj.2019.65.
  • 44. Trail-Mahan T., Mao C.L & Bawel-Brinkley K. (2013). Complementary and alternative medicine: nurses’ attitudes and knowledge. Pain Management Nursing, 14(4), 277-286. doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2011.06.001.
  • 45. Utlu Z., Turan Ç. & Metin N. (2021). Supportive product use in healthcare professionals during the Covid-19 pandemic: survey report. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 4(1), 27-32. doi:10.5336/jtracom.2020-77905.
  • 46. Uzun O. & Tan M. (2004). Nursing students’ opinions and knowledge about complementary and alternative medicine therapies. Complementary Therapies in Nursing and Midwifery, 10(4), 239-244. doi:10.1016/j.ctnm.2004.06.004.
  • 47. Ventegodt S. (2013). How should medicine develop? A comparative analysis of cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness of all types of evidence-based medicine for all clinical conditions (report from work-in-progress). Alternative & Integrative Medicine, 2(8),1000e108. doi:10.4172/2327-5162.1000e108.
  • 48. Waters E.A., Klein W.M.P., Moser R.P., Yu M., Waldron W.R., McNeel T.S. & Freedman A.N. (2011). Correlates of unrealistic risk beliefs in a nationally representative sample. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 34(3), 225-235. doi:10.1007/s10865-010-9303-7.
  • 49. WHO Report, WHO Global report on traditional and complementary medicine 2019, https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/312342/9789241515436-eng.pdf?ua=1 (Accessed: 18 December 2020).
  • 50. Yildirim M. & Guler A. (2020). Factor analysis of the Covid-19 perceived risk scale: a preliminary study. Death Studies, 46(5), 1065-1072. doi:10.1080/07481187.2020.1784311.
  • 51. Zeighami M., Soltani-Nejad S. (2020). Knowledge, attitude, and practice of complementary and alternative medicine: a survey of Iranian nurses. Journal of Research in Nursing, 25(4), 380-388. doi:10.1177/1744987120925852.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Hemşirelik
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Leyla Yaman Üzümcü 0000-0002-5926-3986

Serpil Özdemir 0000-0003-0952-3337

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Yaman Üzümcü, L., & Özdemir, S. (2022). The Relationship Between Nurses’ Perceived Risk of COVID-19, Knowledge, Use and Attitudes of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Practices During The Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi, 5(3), 158-168. https://doi.org/10.54189/hbd.1193952