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Nijerya’nın Kwara Eyaletindeki İki Toprak Barajından (Asa ve Ilorin Üniversitesi Barajları) Elde Edilen Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Dokularında Ağır Metal Kirliliği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 26 - 32, 01.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.590900

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Nijeryanın
Kwara Eyaletindeki iki barajdan (Asa ve Ilorin Üniversitesi), elde edilen Clarias gariepinus türü balıkların
dokularındaki ağır metal kirlenme seviyeleri belirledi. Ortalama 149-154 g
ağırlık ile toplam uzunluk 28-34 cm arasındaki erkek ve dişi balık örnekleri
Eylül-Aralık 2018 ayları arasında toplanmıştır. İki barajdan elde edilen
örneklerin et, kalp, böbrek ve karaciğerlerindeki bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn),
kadmiyum (Cd), krom (Cr) ve kurşun (Pb) düzeyleri Atomik Absorpsiyon Spektrofotometresi
(AAS) kullanılarak belirlendi. Sonuçlar, Asa ve Unilorin barajlarından
örneklenen dokulardaki ağır metal kontaminasyonunun, Çinko> Bakır> Krom
şeklinde olduğunu gösterdi. Kadmiyum ve kurşun tespit edilmedi. Ayrıca, Asa
barajından elde edilen C. gariepinus örneklerindeki
ağır metal konsantrasyonlarının, Unilorin barajından alınan örneklerden daha
yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Vücut ağırlığı, toplam uzunluk ve yaş daha yüksek
ağır metal düzeyine yatkınlığa neden olurken, cinsiyet ağır metal düzeyini
etkilememiştir. İki barajdan alınan C.
gariepinus
örneklerinde tespit edilen ağır metal konsantrasyonu, WHO ve FAO
tarafından belirlenen sınırları aşmamıştır. Bu nedenle bu barajlardan elde
edilen balıkların insan tüketimi için sağlıklı olduğu kanaatine varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Tawwab M, Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Emikpe BO, 2018: Growth, physiological, antioxidants, and immune response of Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (B.), to dietary clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, leaf extract and its susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Fish Shellfish Immun. 78, 346-354. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.057
  • Addision RF, Hausen PD, Wright EC, 1991: Hepatic Mon-Oxygenase activities in American Pliace from the Miramichi Estuary, N.B. Canadian Technican Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science No. 1800 Fisheries and Oceans. Http://www.amonline. net –au/factsheet/tourismeffects.httm.
  • Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Adewale YA, 2016: Natural occurrence of Diplostomum spp. In farm-raised Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Oyo state, Nigeria. Intl. J. Vet. Sci. Med. 4, 41–45.
  • Amiard JC, 1975: Interpretation d’une etude experimentale du metabolism du radiostrontium chez la pie (Pleuronectes platessa) a vaide des analysis factorielles. Rev Intern Oceanoger Med, 40, 177-217.
  • Araoye PA, 2009: The seasonal variation of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO2) concentration in Asa lake Ilorin, Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci, 4, 5, 271–274.
  • Ayanshola AM, 2013: Evaluation of supply reliability and sustainability of household water use in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, pp. 125.
  • Bruins MR, Kapil S, Oehme FW, 2000: Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 45, 3, 198–207.
  • Dahunsi SO, Oranusi SU, Ishola RO, 2012: Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) exposed to chemical additives effluent. J Res Envir Sci Toxic, 1, 5, 100-106.
  • DuPreez H, Health GM, Sandham L, Ganthe B, 2003: Methodology for the assessment of human health risks Associated with the consumption of chemical contaminated freshwater fish in south Africa. J SA 29, 69-90
  • El-Sherif SA, 2017: Determination of Some Contaminants in Silver Carp and Catfish Flesh from Wadi El-Rayan Lake and the Effect of Traditional Cooking Methods on Their Concentrations. , Intl J ChemTech Res 10,12, 143-154.
  • Eric OH, Rasaq I, Muhammad IF, Muhammad MA, 2017: concentration and risk evaluation of selected heavy metals in water and African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in river Kaduna, Nigeria, Green J of Eco & Ecosol 1, 1-9.
  • Evans DW, Doodo DK, Hanson PJ, 1993: Trace elements concentrations in fish livers. Implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar Pol Bull, 26:329-334.
  • FAO, 2003: The heavy metals Regulations Legal Notice,No. 66/2003.
  • Forstner U, Wittmann GTW, 1981: Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Spring-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. New York. pp, 486.
  • Forstner VF, Prosi F, 1979, Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Biological aspects of freshwater pollution. In: Proceedings of Joint Research Committee of Environmental Community Ispia , Italy, pp, 169.
  • Fowler SW, Readman JW, Oreioni B, Villeneure JP, Mackay K, 1993: Petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals in near shore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 war: An assessment of temporal and spatial trends.Ma Pol Bull,27,171-182.
  • Goher ME, Farhat HI, Abdo MH, Salem SG, 2014b: Metalpollution assessment in the surface sediment of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res, 40, 213–224.
  • Goher ME, Hassan AM, Abdel-Moniem IA, Fahmy AH, El-Sayed SM, 2014a: Evaluation of surface water quality and heavymetal indices of Ismailia Canal, Nile River, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res, 40, 225–233.
  • Henry EO, 2006: Assessment of heavy metals in wild and farmed African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in selected rivers and fish farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria, MSc. Dissertation submitted to school of postgraduate studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 177.
  • Idodo-Umeh G, Oronsaye JAO, 2006: Heavy metals pollution of Areba River in Olomoro,Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nig J Fish, 3, 2, 267-279.
  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H, 1992: Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, second ed. CRC Press, Boca Rato´ n, Florida. pp. 315.
  • Kalay M, Canli M, 2000: Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and Non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from Tissues of a freshwater Fish Tilipia Zilli. Turk J Zoo, 24, 429- 436.
  • Lohani MB, Singh S, Rupainwa D, Dhar DN, 2008: Seasonal variations of heavy metal contamination in river Gomti of Lucknow city region. Environ Monit Assess, 147, 1, 253–263.
  • Mance G, 1987: Pollution Threat of Heavy metals in aquatic environment. Elsevier, London. pp. 336.
  • Mansour SA, Sidky MM, 2002: Ecotoxicologcal Studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate. Egypt. Food Chem. 78, 15-22.
  • Mansour SA, Sidky MM, 2002: Eco-toxicological Studies: 3 Heavy metals Contaminating water and fish from Fayoun Governorate, Egypt Food Chem, 78,1, 15-22.
  • Marzolf RC, 1955: Use of pectoral spines and vertebrae for determining age and rate of growth of channel catfish. Wildl Mgt, 19, 234-249.
  • Meadows DH, Meadow DL, Randers L, 1992: Beyond the limits. Earthscan Publication London, pp. 812.
  • Murphy PJ, 1978: A report to cockbum sound study. Technical report on Industrial effluents, Department of Conservation and Environment, Western Australia, Report No.6.
  • Nahle BN, 2003: Biodiversity Documentation. http://www/ext.VE.edu/department/ environment/ factsheet/biodiversity/ian.2003p.6.html.
  • Nauen CE, 1983: Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fish Circ, 764, 5-91.
  • Ndiokwere CL, 1984: An investigation of heavy metal content of sediments and algae from the River Niger and Nigerian Atlantic Coastal Water. Environ Pollut, 7, 247-254.
  • Nzeve JK, Njuguna SG, Kitur EC, 2014: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis spirulus Niger from Masinga Reservoir, Kenya. IOSR J Envir Sc, Toxic & Food Tech 8, 10, 58-63.
  • Obasohan EE, 2007: Heavy metal concentrations in the offal, gill, carcass and wholefish of Parachana obscura from Ogba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Afri J Biot, 6, 4, 470-474.
  • Olaifa FE, Olaifa AK, Adelaja AA, Owolabi AG, 2004: Heavy metal contamination of Clarias gariepinus from a lake and fish farm in Ibadan, Nigeria., Afri J Biomed Res 7, 145 – 148.
  • Olaifa FG, Olaifa AK, Onwude TE, 2004: Lethal and sub lethal effects of copper to the African Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus). Afri J Biomed Res, 7, 65-70.
  • Omoregie E, Okoronkwo MO, Eziashi AC, Zoakah AI, 2002: Metal concentrations in water column, benthic macro invertebrates and tilapia from Delimit River, . Nig J Aqu. Sci, 17, 1, 55-59.
  • Papagiannus I, Kagalon I, Leonardos J, Petridis D, Kalfakakou V, 2004: Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from lake Pamrotis (Greece). Envir Intl, 30, 357-362.
  • Phillips DJH, Rainbow PS, 1994: Biomonitoring of trace aquatic contaminants. London. Chapman and Hall.
  • Pivnicka K, 1974: Age and growth studies 34. The Zambezi barbel Clarias gariepinus. In: Lake Kariba: a man-made tropical ecosystem in central Africa. (eds Balon EK and Coche AG,), Monographi Biolog 24, 318-325.
  • Rainbow PS, Phillips DJ, Depledge M, 1990: The significance of trace metal concentrations in marine invertebrate: a need for laboratory investigation of accumulation strategies. Mar Pollut, 21, 7, 321-324.
  • Reinfelder JR, Fisher NS, Luoma SN, Nichols JW, Wang XW, 1998: Trace element trophic transfer in aquatic organisms: A critique of the Kinetic Model Approach. Sci Tot Envir, 219, 117-135.
  • Rosli MNR, Samat SB, Yasir MS, 2018: Analysis of heavy metal accumulation in fish from the coastal waters of Terengganu, Malaysia, . AIP conference proceedings 12, 12-17.
  • Senthil M, Karuppasamy S, Poongodi K, Puranesurin S, 2008: Bioaccumulation Pattern of Zinc in Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) after chronic exposure. Turk J Fish Aqua Sci, 8, 55–59.
  • Smith DG, 1985: Sources of heavy metals input of the New Zealand Aquatic Environment. J Roy Soc N Zeal, 15, 371-384.
  • Sreeder PA, Suresh B, Surarami Krishna B, Prebhararhi B, Radhakrishnaiah K, 1992: Bioaccumulation of Nickel in organs of Lamethdens marginals under lethal and Sub-Lethal Nickel stress. Chemosp., 24, 1, 29-36.
  • Targuma S, Eneji IS, Sha’Ato R, 2018: Comparative Analysis of Metal Levels in Clarias gariepinus and Water from River Benue and Commercial Fish Ponds in Makurdi, Chem Sci Intl J 23,1: 1-8.
  • Titilayo AO, Olufemi AO, 2014: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Organs from Selected Streams in South Western Nigeria ,. International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture 76,10, 47-50.
  • Unger A, 2002: Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology. Second Edition. pp. 27.
  • WHO, 1985: Guidelines for drinking-water quality.Health Criteria and supporting information. WHO, Geneva. pp307-433.

Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1, 26 - 32, 01.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.590900

Öz

This study determined the levels of heavy
metals contamination in the tissues of 400
Clarias gariepinus obtained from two dams (Asa and University of
Ilorin) in Kwara State of Nigeria. C.
gariepinus
, (both male and female) between the mean weight of 149-154g and
total length of between 28-34cm were investigated between the month of
September and December, 2018.  C
opper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr)
and lead (Pb) in flesh, heart, kidney and livers of species from the two dams
were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS).
The results showed that heavy metals contamination in
the tissues sampled from Asa and Unilorin dams were in order of Zinc >
Copper > Chromium. Cadmium and lead were not detected. Furthermore,
C. gariepinus from Asa dam bioaccumulated heavy metals at higher
concentrations than samples from Unilorin dam. Body weight, total length and
age were found to be predisposing factors to heavy metals concentrations in the
body of fish while sexes had no effect.
The heavy metals concentration detected in C. gariepinus sampled from the two dams
did not exceed the limits set by WHO and FAO suggesting that the fishes
wholesome for human consumption.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Tawwab M, Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Emikpe BO, 2018: Growth, physiological, antioxidants, and immune response of Common carp, Cyprinus carpio (B.), to dietary clove basil, Ocimum gratissimum, leaf extract and its susceptibility to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Fish Shellfish Immun. 78, 346-354. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.057
  • Addision RF, Hausen PD, Wright EC, 1991: Hepatic Mon-Oxygenase activities in American Pliace from the Miramichi Estuary, N.B. Canadian Technican Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Science No. 1800 Fisheries and Oceans. Http://www.amonline. net –au/factsheet/tourismeffects.httm.
  • Adeshina I, Jenyo-Oni A, Ajani EK, Adewale YA, 2016: Natural occurrence of Diplostomum spp. In farm-raised Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Oyo state, Nigeria. Intl. J. Vet. Sci. Med. 4, 41–45.
  • Amiard JC, 1975: Interpretation d’une etude experimentale du metabolism du radiostrontium chez la pie (Pleuronectes platessa) a vaide des analysis factorielles. Rev Intern Oceanoger Med, 40, 177-217.
  • Araoye PA, 2009: The seasonal variation of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO2) concentration in Asa lake Ilorin, Nigeria. Int J Phys Sci, 4, 5, 271–274.
  • Ayanshola AM, 2013: Evaluation of supply reliability and sustainability of household water use in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. Unpublished PhD Thesis submitted to the Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, pp. 125.
  • Bruins MR, Kapil S, Oehme FW, 2000: Microbial resistance to metals in the environment. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf, 45, 3, 198–207.
  • Dahunsi SO, Oranusi SU, Ishola RO, 2012: Differential bioaccumulation of heavy metals in selected biomarkers of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822) exposed to chemical additives effluent. J Res Envir Sci Toxic, 1, 5, 100-106.
  • DuPreez H, Health GM, Sandham L, Ganthe B, 2003: Methodology for the assessment of human health risks Associated with the consumption of chemical contaminated freshwater fish in south Africa. J SA 29, 69-90
  • El-Sherif SA, 2017: Determination of Some Contaminants in Silver Carp and Catfish Flesh from Wadi El-Rayan Lake and the Effect of Traditional Cooking Methods on Their Concentrations. , Intl J ChemTech Res 10,12, 143-154.
  • Eric OH, Rasaq I, Muhammad IF, Muhammad MA, 2017: concentration and risk evaluation of selected heavy metals in water and African catfish, Clarias gariepinus in river Kaduna, Nigeria, Green J of Eco & Ecosol 1, 1-9.
  • Evans DW, Doodo DK, Hanson PJ, 1993: Trace elements concentrations in fish livers. Implications of variations with fish size in pollution monitoring. Mar Pol Bull, 26:329-334.
  • FAO, 2003: The heavy metals Regulations Legal Notice,No. 66/2003.
  • Forstner U, Wittmann GTW, 1981: Metal pollution in the aquatic environment. Spring-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg. New York. pp, 486.
  • Forstner VF, Prosi F, 1979, Heavy metal pollution in freshwater ecosystems. Biological aspects of freshwater pollution. In: Proceedings of Joint Research Committee of Environmental Community Ispia , Italy, pp, 169.
  • Fowler SW, Readman JW, Oreioni B, Villeneure JP, Mackay K, 1993: Petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals in near shore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 war: An assessment of temporal and spatial trends.Ma Pol Bull,27,171-182.
  • Goher ME, Farhat HI, Abdo MH, Salem SG, 2014b: Metalpollution assessment in the surface sediment of Lake Nasser, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res, 40, 213–224.
  • Goher ME, Hassan AM, Abdel-Moniem IA, Fahmy AH, El-Sayed SM, 2014a: Evaluation of surface water quality and heavymetal indices of Ismailia Canal, Nile River, Egypt. Egypt J Aquat Res, 40, 225–233.
  • Henry EO, 2006: Assessment of heavy metals in wild and farmed African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) in selected rivers and fish farms in Kaduna State, Nigeria, MSc. Dissertation submitted to school of postgraduate studies, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria, 177.
  • Idodo-Umeh G, Oronsaye JAO, 2006: Heavy metals pollution of Areba River in Olomoro,Niger Delta, Nigeria. Nig J Fish, 3, 2, 267-279.
  • Kabata-Pendias A, Pendias H, 1992: Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, second ed. CRC Press, Boca Rato´ n, Florida. pp. 315.
  • Kalay M, Canli M, 2000: Elimination of essential (Cu, Zn) and Non-essential (Cd, Pb) metals from Tissues of a freshwater Fish Tilipia Zilli. Turk J Zoo, 24, 429- 436.
  • Lohani MB, Singh S, Rupainwa D, Dhar DN, 2008: Seasonal variations of heavy metal contamination in river Gomti of Lucknow city region. Environ Monit Assess, 147, 1, 253–263.
  • Mance G, 1987: Pollution Threat of Heavy metals in aquatic environment. Elsevier, London. pp. 336.
  • Mansour SA, Sidky MM, 2002: Ecotoxicologcal Studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate. Egypt. Food Chem. 78, 15-22.
  • Mansour SA, Sidky MM, 2002: Eco-toxicological Studies: 3 Heavy metals Contaminating water and fish from Fayoun Governorate, Egypt Food Chem, 78,1, 15-22.
  • Marzolf RC, 1955: Use of pectoral spines and vertebrae for determining age and rate of growth of channel catfish. Wildl Mgt, 19, 234-249.
  • Meadows DH, Meadow DL, Randers L, 1992: Beyond the limits. Earthscan Publication London, pp. 812.
  • Murphy PJ, 1978: A report to cockbum sound study. Technical report on Industrial effluents, Department of Conservation and Environment, Western Australia, Report No.6.
  • Nahle BN, 2003: Biodiversity Documentation. http://www/ext.VE.edu/department/ environment/ factsheet/biodiversity/ian.2003p.6.html.
  • Nauen CE, 1983: Compilation of legal limits for hazardous substances in fish and fishery products. FAO Fish Circ, 764, 5-91.
  • Ndiokwere CL, 1984: An investigation of heavy metal content of sediments and algae from the River Niger and Nigerian Atlantic Coastal Water. Environ Pollut, 7, 247-254.
  • Nzeve JK, Njuguna SG, Kitur EC, 2014: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis spirulus Niger from Masinga Reservoir, Kenya. IOSR J Envir Sc, Toxic & Food Tech 8, 10, 58-63.
  • Obasohan EE, 2007: Heavy metal concentrations in the offal, gill, carcass and wholefish of Parachana obscura from Ogba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Afri J Biot, 6, 4, 470-474.
  • Olaifa FE, Olaifa AK, Adelaja AA, Owolabi AG, 2004: Heavy metal contamination of Clarias gariepinus from a lake and fish farm in Ibadan, Nigeria., Afri J Biomed Res 7, 145 – 148.
  • Olaifa FG, Olaifa AK, Onwude TE, 2004: Lethal and sub lethal effects of copper to the African Cat fish (Clarias gariepinus). Afri J Biomed Res, 7, 65-70.
  • Omoregie E, Okoronkwo MO, Eziashi AC, Zoakah AI, 2002: Metal concentrations in water column, benthic macro invertebrates and tilapia from Delimit River, . Nig J Aqu. Sci, 17, 1, 55-59.
  • Papagiannus I, Kagalon I, Leonardos J, Petridis D, Kalfakakou V, 2004: Copper and zinc in four freshwater fish species from lake Pamrotis (Greece). Envir Intl, 30, 357-362.
  • Phillips DJH, Rainbow PS, 1994: Biomonitoring of trace aquatic contaminants. London. Chapman and Hall.
  • Pivnicka K, 1974: Age and growth studies 34. The Zambezi barbel Clarias gariepinus. In: Lake Kariba: a man-made tropical ecosystem in central Africa. (eds Balon EK and Coche AG,), Monographi Biolog 24, 318-325.
  • Rainbow PS, Phillips DJ, Depledge M, 1990: The significance of trace metal concentrations in marine invertebrate: a need for laboratory investigation of accumulation strategies. Mar Pollut, 21, 7, 321-324.
  • Reinfelder JR, Fisher NS, Luoma SN, Nichols JW, Wang XW, 1998: Trace element trophic transfer in aquatic organisms: A critique of the Kinetic Model Approach. Sci Tot Envir, 219, 117-135.
  • Rosli MNR, Samat SB, Yasir MS, 2018: Analysis of heavy metal accumulation in fish from the coastal waters of Terengganu, Malaysia, . AIP conference proceedings 12, 12-17.
  • Senthil M, Karuppasamy S, Poongodi K, Puranesurin S, 2008: Bioaccumulation Pattern of Zinc in Freshwater Fish Channa punctatus (Bloch) after chronic exposure. Turk J Fish Aqua Sci, 8, 55–59.
  • Smith DG, 1985: Sources of heavy metals input of the New Zealand Aquatic Environment. J Roy Soc N Zeal, 15, 371-384.
  • Sreeder PA, Suresh B, Surarami Krishna B, Prebhararhi B, Radhakrishnaiah K, 1992: Bioaccumulation of Nickel in organs of Lamethdens marginals under lethal and Sub-Lethal Nickel stress. Chemosp., 24, 1, 29-36.
  • Targuma S, Eneji IS, Sha’Ato R, 2018: Comparative Analysis of Metal Levels in Clarias gariepinus and Water from River Benue and Commercial Fish Ponds in Makurdi, Chem Sci Intl J 23,1: 1-8.
  • Titilayo AO, Olufemi AO, 2014: Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Fish (Clarias gariepinus) Organs from Selected Streams in South Western Nigeria ,. International Conference on Sustainable Environment and Agriculture 76,10, 47-50.
  • Unger A, 2002: Fundamentals of Ecotoxicology. Second Edition. pp. 27.
  • WHO, 1985: Guidelines for drinking-water quality.Health Criteria and supporting information. WHO, Geneva. pp307-433.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Veteriner Cerrahi
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Musa İdi-ogede Abubakar Bu kişi benim

İbrahim Adeshına

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 2 Ocak 2019
Kabul Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Abubakar, M. İ.-o., & Adeshına, İ. (2019). Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.590900
AMA Abubakar Mİo, Adeshına İ. Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. Temmuz 2019;8(1):26-32. doi:10.31196/huvfd.590900
Chicago Abubakar, Musa İdi-ogede, ve İbrahim Adeshına. “Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 8, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2019): 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.590900.
EndNote Abubakar Mİ-o, Adeshına İ (01 Temmuz 2019) Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 8 1 26–32.
IEEE M. İ.-o. Abubakar ve İ. Adeshına, “Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria”, Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, c. 8, sy. 1, ss. 26–32, 2019, doi: 10.31196/huvfd.590900.
ISNAD Abubakar, Musa İdi-ogede - Adeshına, İbrahim. “Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 8/1 (Temmuz 2019), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.590900.
JAMA Abubakar Mİ-o, Adeshına İ. Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2019;8:26–32.
MLA Abubakar, Musa İdi-ogede ve İbrahim Adeshına. “Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 1, 2019, ss. 26-32, doi:10.31196/huvfd.590900.
Vancouver Abubakar Mİ-o, Adeshına İ. Heavy Metals Contamination in the Tissues of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Obtained from Two Earthen Dams (Asa and University of Ilorin Dams) in Kwara State of Nigeria. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2019;8(1):26-32.