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THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSION LEVELS ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF INTENSIVE CARE STAFF DURING THE COVID-19 PROCESS

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 246 - 257, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33457/ijhsrp.1118873

Öz

This study was conducted to examine the effect of depressive symptoms on quality of life of healthcare staff working in intensive care units during the COVID-19 process. This study was designed as descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational. It was carried out with the participation of 133 healthcare professionals between November and December 2020. The data were collected by face-to-face interviews with the participants in average of 10-15 minutes. Personal Information Form, Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), and Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL R-IV) were used for data collection. Kurtosis, Skewness and Shapiro-Wilk, Student's t, ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. Pearson correlation and regression analysis were performed. Depressive symptoms and low quality of life were detected in healthcare workers working in the Covid-19 pandemic. It was seen that women's ProQOL R-IV total scores were higher than men's and BDI total score averages of associate degree health workers were significantly higher than those of health workers with undergraduate or graduate degrees. It was determined that 39.1% of the participants were considering resigning during the pandemic process. It has been determined that those who do their job reluctantly have higher BDI total scores than those who do it fondly. In addition, it was determined that those who do their job fondly have higher ProQOL R-IV total scores than those who do it reluctantly. It was observed that the total BDI scores of the participants whose family members were diagnosed with COVID-19 were higher than those who did not and those who thought about resigning during the pandemic process were higher than those who did not. As a result, it is thought that the effective and high quality of health services is directly related to the physical and mental well-being of health workers throughout the pandemic process. It is thought that it is extremely important to identify mental disorders that may occur in healthcare workers due to the difficulties brought by the pandemic process at an early stage and to stop their progression.

Proje Numarası

yok

Kaynakça

  • [1]. O'Horo J.C., Raphael Dolin R. Coronavirus: novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/977698/Novel-coronavirus-COVID-19-infection-CO_2020-07-01.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 28.07.2020.
  • [2]. Bhagavathula, A., Aldhaleei, W. A., Rahmani, J. R., Mahabadi, M. A., & Bandari, D. K. (2020). Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.
  • [3]. Moorthy, A., & Sankar, T. K. (2020). Emerging public health challenge in UK: perception and belief on increased COVID19 death among BAME healthcare workers. Journal of Public Health.
  • [4]. Aluko, O. O., Adebayo, A. E., Adebisi, T. F., Ewegbemi, M. K., Abidoye, A. T., & Popoola, B. F. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of occupational hazards and safety practices in Nigerian healthcare workers. BMC research notes, 9(1), 71.
  • [5]. Burrer, S. L., de Perio, M. A., Hughes, M. M., Kuhar, D. T., Luckhaupt, S. E., McDaniel, C. J., ... & Walters, M. (2020). Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19—United States, February 12–April 9, 2020.
  • [6]. Dai, Y., Hu, G., Xiong, H., Qiu, H., & Yuan, X. (2020). Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. MedRxiv.
  • [7]. Yesil, A., Ergün, Ü., Amasyali, C., Er, F., Olgun, N. N., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Çalisanlar Için Yasam Kalitesi Ölçegi Türkçe Uyarlamasi Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalismasi/Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Noro-Psikyatri Arsivi, 47(2), 111.
  • [8]. Çatak, T., & Bahçecik, N. (2015). Hemşirelerin iş yaşamı kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(2), 85-95.
  • [9]. Boylu A.A, Paçacıoğlu B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8:15, 137-150.
  • [10]. Gülmez, H. (2013). Çalışanların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7(4), 1-6.
  • [11]. Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry research, 112936.
  • [12]. Zaka, A., Shamloo, S. E., Fiorente, P., & Tafuri, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic as a watershed moment: A call for systematic psychological health care for frontline medical staff.
  • [13]. Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242.
  • [14]. Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jama, 323(21), 2133-2134.
  • [15]. An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., ... & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 312-315.
  • [16]. Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, M. H., Do, B. N., Tran, C. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, K. M., ... & Duong, T. H. (2020). People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: The potential benefit of health literacy. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(4), 965.
  • [17]. Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2381.
  • [18]. Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliliği üzerine bir çalışma (A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory.). Psikoloji Dergisi., 6, 118-122.
  • [19]. Aydın, Y. ve Kamuk, Y.U. (2021). Hemşirelerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin, yaşam kalitesi ve tükenmişlik düzeylerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 88-105.
  • [20]. Ekinci, İ., & Ekinci, E. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Anksiyete, Depresyon, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü ve Uyku Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi (IKSST), 13(2), 61-68.
  • [21]. Türkili, S., Aslan, E., & Şenel, T. O. T. (2022). Türkiye'de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 74-87.
  • [22]. Du J, Dong L, Wang T et al. Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;67:144–145.
  • [23]. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):1-12.
  • [24]. Suryavanshi, N., Kadam, A., Dhumal, G., Nimkar, S., Mave, V., Gupta, A., ... & Gupte, N. (2020). Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. Brain and behavior, 10(11), e01837.
  • [25]. Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443. doi: 10.1016/j. eclinm.2020.100443.
  • [26]. Elbay RY, Kurtulmuş A, Arpacıoğlu S, et al. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in COVID-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113-30.
  • [27]. Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, et al. Screening for Chinese Medical Staff Mental Health by SDS and SAS During The Outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res.2020;133:1101-2
  • [28]. Zengin, L., & Gümüş, F. (2019). Hemşirelerde anksiyete, depresif belirti ve ilişkili faktörler. Jaren, 5(1), 1-7.
  • [29]. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in january and february 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26:e923549
  • [30]. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom 2020;89:242-50. doi: 10.1159/000507639.
  • [31]. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • [32]. Cai Q, Feng H, Huang J, Wang M, Wang Q, Lu X, et al. The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:210-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031.
  • [33]. Zhu, Z., Xu, S., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Li, G., ... & Wang, W. (2020). COVID-19 in Wuhan: immediate psychological impact on 5062 health workers. MedRxiv.
  • [34]. Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of mental health factors among health professionals depending on their contact with COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5849. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph17165849.
  • [35]. Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín- García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5514. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155514.
  • [36]. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e17-8. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8.
  • [37]. Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. 2020.Perceived social support and its impact on psychological status and quality of life of medical staffs after outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study.
  • [38]. Abdelghani, Mohamed, Rehab Mahdy, and Hayam El-Gohari. "Health anxiety to COVID-19 virus infection and its relationship to quality of life in a sample of health care workers in Egypt: a cross-sectional study." Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 23, no. 1 (2021): 19-28.
  • [39]. Hosseinzadeh-Shanjani, Z., Hajimiri, K., Rostami, B., Ramazani, S., & Dadashi, M. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels among healthcare staff during the COVID-19 epidemic. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(2), 163.
  • [40]. Suryavanshi, N., Kadam, A., Dhumal, G., Nimkar, S., Mave, V., Gupta, A., ... & Gupte, N. (2020). Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. Brain and behavior, 10(11), e01837.
  • [41]. Woon, L. S. C., Mansor, N. S., Mohamad, M. A., Teoh, S. H., & Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I. (2021). Quality of life and its predictive factors among healthcare workers after the end of a movement lockdown: The salient roles of covid-19 stressors, psychological experience, and social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1164.
  • [42]. Özgür, G., Gümüs, A. B., & Gürdag, S. (2011). Investigation of psychiatric symptoms in nurses working in a hospital. Dusunen Adam, 24(4), 296.
  • [43]. Şeremet G, Ekinci N. Sağlık çalışanlarında merhamet yorgunluğu, merhamet memnuniyeti ve merhamet korkusu. Vizyoner Dergisi 2021, 12: 330-44.
Yıl 2022, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 246 - 257, 25.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33457/ijhsrp.1118873

Öz

Destekleyen Kurum

yok

Proje Numarası

yok

Teşekkür

yok

Kaynakça

  • [1]. O'Horo J.C., Raphael Dolin R. Coronavirus: novel coronavirus (COVID-19) infection. https://www.elsevier.com/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/977698/Novel-coronavirus-COVID-19-infection-CO_2020-07-01.pdf. Erişim tarihi: 28.07.2020.
  • [2]. Bhagavathula, A., Aldhaleei, W. A., Rahmani, J. R., Mahabadi, M. A., & Bandari, D. K. (2020). Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Knowledge and Perceptions: A Survey of Healthcare Workers. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance.
  • [3]. Moorthy, A., & Sankar, T. K. (2020). Emerging public health challenge in UK: perception and belief on increased COVID19 death among BAME healthcare workers. Journal of Public Health.
  • [4]. Aluko, O. O., Adebayo, A. E., Adebisi, T. F., Ewegbemi, M. K., Abidoye, A. T., & Popoola, B. F. (2016). Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of occupational hazards and safety practices in Nigerian healthcare workers. BMC research notes, 9(1), 71.
  • [5]. Burrer, S. L., de Perio, M. A., Hughes, M. M., Kuhar, D. T., Luckhaupt, S. E., McDaniel, C. J., ... & Walters, M. (2020). Characteristics of health care personnel with COVID-19—United States, February 12–April 9, 2020.
  • [6]. Dai, Y., Hu, G., Xiong, H., Qiu, H., & Yuan, X. (2020). Psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on healthcare workers in China. MedRxiv.
  • [7]. Yesil, A., Ergün, Ü., Amasyali, C., Er, F., Olgun, N. N., & Aker, A. T. (2010). Çalisanlar Için Yasam Kalitesi Ölçegi Türkçe Uyarlamasi Geçerlik ve Güvenilirlik Çalismasi/Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Professional Quality of Life Scale. Noro-Psikyatri Arsivi, 47(2), 111.
  • [8]. Çatak, T., & Bahçecik, N. (2015). Hemşirelerin iş yaşamı kalitesi ve etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences, 5(2), 85-95.
  • [9]. Boylu A.A, Paçacıoğlu B. (2016). Yaşam kalitesi ve göstergeleri. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8:15, 137-150.
  • [10]. Gülmez, H. (2013). Çalışanların yaşam kalitesini etkileyen faktörler. Turkish Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7(4), 1-6.
  • [11]. Lu, W., Wang, H., Lin, Y., & Li, L. (2020). Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry research, 112936.
  • [12]. Zaka, A., Shamloo, S. E., Fiorente, P., & Tafuri, A. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic as a watershed moment: A call for systematic psychological health care for frontline medical staff.
  • [13]. Wu, Z., & McGoogan, J. M. (2020). Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama, 323(13), 1239-1242.
  • [14]. Shanafelt, T., Ripp, J., & Trockel, M. (2020). Understanding and addressing sources of anxiety among health care professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Jama, 323(21), 2133-2134.
  • [15]. An, Y., Yang, Y., Wang, A., Li, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheung, T., ... & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its impact on quality of life among frontline nurses in emergency departments during the COVID-19 outbreak. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 312-315.
  • [16]. Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, M. H., Do, B. N., Tran, C. Q., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, K. M., ... & Duong, T. H. (2020). People with suspected COVID-19 symptoms were more likely depressed and had lower health-related quality of life: The potential benefit of health literacy. Journal of clinical medicine, 9(4), 965.
  • [17]. Zhang, Y., & Ma, Z. F. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health and quality of life among local residents in Liaoning Province, China: A cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(7), 2381.
  • [18]. Hisli, N. (1988). Beck Depresyon Envanterinin geçerliliği üzerine bir çalışma (A study on the validity of Beck Depression Inventory.). Psikoloji Dergisi., 6, 118-122.
  • [19]. Aydın, Y. ve Kamuk, Y.U. (2021). Hemşirelerin fiziksel aktivite düzeylerinin, yaşam kalitesi ve tükenmişlik düzeylerine etkisi. Spor Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 88-105.
  • [20]. Ekinci, İ., & Ekinci, E. (2021). Covid-19 Pandemi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Anksiyete, Depresyon, Duygu Düzenleme Güçlüğü ve Uyku Kalitesinin İncelenmesi. İstanbul Kanuni Sultan Süleyman Tıp Dergisi (IKSST), 13(2), 61-68.
  • [21]. Türkili, S., Aslan, E., & Şenel, T. O. T. (2022). Türkiye'de sağlık çalışanları arasında koronavirüs salgını nedeniyle yaşanılan zorluklar, kaygı, depresyon ve tükenmişlik sendromunun incelenmesi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(1), 74-87.
  • [22]. Du J, Dong L, Wang T et al. Psychological symptoms among frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2020;67:144–145.
  • [23]. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open. 2020;3(3):1-12.
  • [24]. Suryavanshi, N., Kadam, A., Dhumal, G., Nimkar, S., Mave, V., Gupta, A., ... & Gupte, N. (2020). Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. Brain and behavior, 10(11), e01837.
  • [25]. Zhu Z, Xu S, Wang H, Liu Z, Wu J, Li G, et al. COVID-19 in Wuhan: Sociodemographic characteristics and hospital support measures associated with the immediate psychological impact on healthcare workers. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100443. doi: 10.1016/j. eclinm.2020.100443.
  • [26]. Elbay RY, Kurtulmuş A, Arpacıoğlu S, et al. Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in COVID-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113-30.
  • [27]. Liang Y, Chen M, Zheng X, et al. Screening for Chinese Medical Staff Mental Health by SDS and SAS During The Outbreak of COVID-19. J Psychosom Res.2020;133:1101-2
  • [28]. Zengin, L., & Gümüş, F. (2019). Hemşirelerde anksiyete, depresif belirti ve ilişkili faktörler. Jaren, 5(1), 1-7.
  • [29]. Xiao H, Zhang Y, Kong D, et al. The effects of social support on sleep quality of medical staff treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in january and february 2020 in China. Med Sci Monit. 2020; 26:e923549
  • [30]. Zhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M, et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom 2020;89:242-50. doi: 10.1159/000507639.
  • [31]. Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N, et al. Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open 2020;3:e203976. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976.
  • [32]. Cai Q, Feng H, Huang J, Wang M, Wang Q, Lu X, et al. The mental health of frontline and non-frontline medical workers during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: A case-control study. J Affect Disord. 2020;275:210-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.031.
  • [33]. Zhu, Z., Xu, S., Wang, H., Liu, Z., Wu, J., Li, G., ... & Wang, W. (2020). COVID-19 in Wuhan: immediate psychological impact on 5062 health workers. MedRxiv.
  • [34]. Wańkowicz P, Szylińska A, Rotter I. Assessment of mental health factors among health professionals depending on their contact with COVID-19 patients. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5849. doi: 10.3390/ ijerph17165849.
  • [35]. Luceño-Moreno L, Talavera-Velasco B, García-Albuerne Y, Martín- García J. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress, anxiety, depression, levels of resilience and burnout in spanish health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:5514. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17155514.
  • [36]. Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, Xiang YT, Liu Z, Hu S, et al. Zhang B. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:e17-8. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30077-8.
  • [37]. Liu X, Shao L, Zhang R, Wei Y, Li J, Wang C, et al. 2020.Perceived social support and its impact on psychological status and quality of life of medical staffs after outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia: a cross-sectional study.
  • [38]. Abdelghani, Mohamed, Rehab Mahdy, and Hayam El-Gohari. "Health anxiety to COVID-19 virus infection and its relationship to quality of life in a sample of health care workers in Egypt: a cross-sectional study." Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 23, no. 1 (2021): 19-28.
  • [39]. Hosseinzadeh-Shanjani, Z., Hajimiri, K., Rostami, B., Ramazani, S., & Dadashi, M. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels among healthcare staff during the COVID-19 epidemic. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(2), 163.
  • [40]. Suryavanshi, N., Kadam, A., Dhumal, G., Nimkar, S., Mave, V., Gupta, A., ... & Gupte, N. (2020). Mental health and quality of life among healthcare professionals during the COVID‐19 pandemic in India. Brain and behavior, 10(11), e01837.
  • [41]. Woon, L. S. C., Mansor, N. S., Mohamad, M. A., Teoh, S. H., & Leong Bin Abdullah, M. F. I. (2021). Quality of life and its predictive factors among healthcare workers after the end of a movement lockdown: The salient roles of covid-19 stressors, psychological experience, and social support. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1164.
  • [42]. Özgür, G., Gümüs, A. B., & Gürdag, S. (2011). Investigation of psychiatric symptoms in nurses working in a hospital. Dusunen Adam, 24(4), 296.
  • [43]. Şeremet G, Ekinci N. Sağlık çalışanlarında merhamet yorgunluğu, merhamet memnuniyeti ve merhamet korkusu. Vizyoner Dergisi 2021, 12: 330-44.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Article
Yazarlar

Reşit Saruhan 0000-0002-2277-1020

Funda Gümüş 0000-0002-3827-0909

Çiçek Saruhan 0000-0002-3934-501X

Proje Numarası yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 19 Mayıs 2022
Kabul Tarihi 31 Ekim 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

IEEE R. Saruhan, F. Gümüş, ve Ç. Saruhan, “THE EFFECT OF DEPRESSION LEVELS ON QUALITY OF LIFE OF INTENSIVE CARE STAFF DURING THE COVID-19 PROCESS”, IJHSRP, c. 7, sy. 3, ss. 246–257, 2022, doi: 10.33457/ijhsrp.1118873.

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