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Physiological Effects of Rumination Accompanying Post-Natural Disaster Stress Disorder and Exercise Approaches in Intervention: A Traditional Review

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 699 - 703, 21.06.2023

Orhan Öztürk Umut Ziya Koçak Merve Kurt Derya Özer Kaya

Öz

Natural disasters have significant psychological and physical effects on people, but natural disasters, which can affect millions of people at the same time, do not cause the same reactions in everyone. Rumination and post-traumatic stress disorder, which are frequently seen after disasters, have many physiological effects ranging from increased cortisol levels to impaired endothelial function, release of inflammatory markers and increased blood pressure. Physical activity plays an important role in preventing the negative effects of rumination and posttraumatic stress disorder. Although the type or dose of exercise required for optimal results has not been established in the literature, it is emphasized that there should be continuity in order to maintain the positive results achieved with structured physical activity. Aerobic exercises (cycling, walking, swimming, etc.), yoga, stretching and strengthening exercises are among the most frequently used structured physical activities in the literature to reduce the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder and rumination. The duration of the exercises varies between 2-12 weeks. In the context of increasing of evidence, this review presents recommendations for structured physical activity that can be applied in the post-disaster period.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Natural disasters rumination post-traumatic stress disorder physical activity

Kaynakça

  • Hoyois P, Below R, Scheuren JM, Guha-sapir D. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2006: Numbers and Trends. 2006;1:1–55.
  • Öcal A. Natural Disasters in Turkey: Social and Economic Perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management. 2019;1(1):51-61.
  • EM-DAT | The international disasters database. Vol. 13. [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.emdat.be/classification.
  • World Health Organization. Health response to the earthquakes in Van Province, Turkey, 2011. 2012;1–23. [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Available from: https:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/181960/e96760.pdf.
  • Bayrak OF, Bikçe M, Erdem MM. Failures of structures during the January 24, 2020, Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake in Turkey. Natural Hazards. 2021;108(2).
  • AFAD. Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Depremler Hk Basın Bülteni-35. Available from: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmarasta-meydana-gelen-depremler-hk-basin-bulteni-35.
  • García FE, Cova F, Rincón P, Vázquez C, Páez D. Coping, rumination and posttraumatic growth in people affected by an earthquake. Psicothema. 2016;28(1):59–65.
  • Felix ED, Afifi TD, Horan SM, Meskunas H, Garber A. Why Family Communication Matters: the Role of Co-rumination and Topic Avoidance in Understanding Post-Disaster Mental Health. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2020;48(11):1511–24.
  • Rubens SL, Felix ED, Hambrick EP. A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Natural Disasters on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Youth. J Trauma Stress. 2018;31(3):332–41.
  • Furr JM, Comer JS, Edmunds JM, Kendall PC. Disasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010;78(6):765–80.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Internet]. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association; 2013. Available from: https:// psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
  • Turan N, Yılmaz DY, Ertekin K. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and rumination in adolescents after earthquake: A systematic review. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2022;35(3):267–76.
  • Merriam-Webster online dictionary website, [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 26]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ rumination.
  • Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Rumination: Relationships with physical health. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012;9(2):29-34.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking Rumination. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2008;3(5):400–24.
  • Conway M, Mendelson M, Giannopoulos C, Csank PAR, Holm SL. Childhood and adult sexual abuse, rumination on sadness, and dysphoria. Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28(4):393–410.
  • Watkins E, Moberly NJ, Moulds ML. Processing Mode Causally Influences Emotional Reactivity: Distinct Effects of Abstract Versus Concrete Construal on Emotional Response. Emotion. 2008;8(3):364–78.
  • Wu X, Zhou X, Wu Y, An Y. The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the wenchuan earthquake. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1335.
  • Park CL, Fenster JR. Stress-Related Growth: Predictors of Occurrence and Correlates with Psychological Adjustment. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23(2):195–215.
  • Paunovic N, Öst LG. Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(10):1183- 97.
  • Taft CT, Vogt DS, Mechanic MB, Resick PA. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physical Health Symptoms Among Women Seeking Help for Relationship Aggression. Journal of Family Psychology. 2007;21(3):354–62.
  • Barskova T, Oesterreich R. Post-traumatic growth in people living with a serious medical condition and its relations to physical and mental health: A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(21):1709–33.
  • Dirkzwager AJE, Van Der Velden PG, Grievink L, Yzermans CJ. Disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(5):435-40.
  • D’Andrea W, Sharma R, Zelechoski AD, Spinazzola J. Physical health problems after single trauma exposure: When stress takes root in the body. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2011;17(6):378–92.
  • Leal-Soto F, Carmona-Halty M, Ferrer-Urbina R. Rumination in posttraumatic stress and growth after a natural disaster: A model from northern Chile 2014 earthquakes. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016;28(7):31638.
  • Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524–32.
  • Thomsen DK, Mehlsen MY, Olesen F, Hokland M, Viidik A, Avlund K, et al. Is there an association between rumination and self-reported physical health?: A one-year follow-up in a young and an elderly sample. J Behav Med. 2004;27(3):215–31.
  • Zoccola PM, Figueroa WS, Rabideau EM, Woody A, Benencia F. Differential effects of poststressor rumination and distraction on cortisol and C-reactive protein. Health Psychol. 2014;33(12):1606–9. Gerin W, Zawadzki MJ, Brosschot JF, Thayer JF, Christenfeld NJS, Campbell TS, et al. Rumination as a mediator of chronic stress effects on hypertension: A causal model. Int J Hypertens. 2012;2012:453465.
  • Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:1–72.
  • Kagawa F, Yokoyama S, Takamura M, Takagaki K, Mitsuyama Y, Shimizu A, et al. Decreased physical activity with subjective pleasure is associated with avoidance behaviors. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2832.
  • Alderman BL, Olson RL, Brush CJ, Shors TJ. MAP training: Combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6(2):e726.
  • Brand S, Colledge F, Ludyga S, Emmenegger R, Kalak N, Bahmani DS, et al. Acute bouts of exercising improved mood, rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders. Front Psychol. 2018;9:249.
  • Carletto S, Horovitz O, College TH, Carlos Eduardo Norte I, Falla D, Jadhakhan F, et al. Is exercise/physical activity effective at reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults — A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022;13:943479.
  • Oppizzi LM, Umberger R. The Effect of Physical Activity on PTSD. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2018 Feb;39(2):179-187.
  • Van Der Kolk BA, Stone L, West J, Rhodes A, Emerson D, Suvak M, et al. Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;75(6):e559-65.
  • LeBouthillier DM, Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with greater reduction in PTSD symptoms and anxiety sensitivity following aerobic exercise. Ment Health Phys Act. 2016;10.
  • Sumner JA, Chen Q, Roberts AL, Winning A, Rimm EB, Gilsanz P, et al. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Inflammatory and Endothelial Function Markers in Women. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82(12):875-884.
  • Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, et al. Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1270-1281.
  • Hall KS, Morey MC, Beckham JC, Bosworth HB, Sloane R, Pieper CF, et al. Warrior Wellness: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of the Effects of Exercise on Physical Function and Clinical Health Risk Factors in Older Military Veterans with PTSD. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(11):2130-2138.
  • Beserra AHN, Kameda P, Deslandes AC, Schuch FB, Laks J, de Moraes HS. Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2018;40(4):360-368.
  • Newman CL, Motta RW. The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007 9(2):133- 58.
  • Babson KA, Heinz AJ, Ramirez G, Puckett M, Irons JG, Bonn-Miller MO, et al. The interactive role of exercise and sleep on veteran recovery from symptoms of PTSD. Ment Health Phys Act. 2015;8(1):15-20.
  • Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015 ;44(4):301-13.
  • Rosenbaum S, Vancampfort D, Steel Z, Newby J, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Physical activity in the treatment of Post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 230, Psychiatry Research. 2015 ;230(2):130-6. Diaz AB, Motta R. The effects of an aerobic exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in adolescents. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2008;10(1) :49-59. Rosenbaum S, Sherrington C, Tiedemann A. Exercise augmentation compared with usual care for post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015;131(5) :350-9.
  • Rosenbaum S, Vancampfort D, Steel Z, Newby J, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Physical activity in the treatment of Post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research. 2015;230(2):130-6.
  • Mitchell KS, Dick AM, Dimartino DM, Smith BN, Niles B, Koenen KC, et al. A Pilot Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga as an Intervention for PTSD Symptoms in Women. J Trauma Stress. 2014; 27(2):121-8.
  • Newman CL, Motta RW. The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007 Spring;9(2):133-58.
  • Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015 ;44(4):301-13.
  • Moriyama N, Omata J, Sato R, Okazaki K, Yasumura S. Effectiveness of group exercise intervention on subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of older residents in restoration public housing after the great East Japan earthquake: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriatrics. 2019 May;19(3):246-254.
  • Kuroda Y, Iwasa H, Orui M, Moriyama N, Suemoto CK, Yashiro C, et al. Risk factor for incident functional disability and the effect of a preventive exercise program: A 4-year prospective cohort study of older survivors from the great east Japan earthquake and nuclear disaster. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7):1430-8.
  • Greiner C, Ono K, Otoguro C, Chiba K, Ota N. Intervention for the maintenance and improvement of physical function and quality of life among elderly disaster victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;31:154-9.

Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 699 - 703, 21.06.2023

Orhan Öztürk Umut Ziya Koçak Merve Kurt Derya Özer Kaya

Öz

Doğal afetlerin insanlar üzerinde oldukça önemli psikolojik ve fiziksel etkileri vardır, ancak milyonlarca insanı aynı anda etkileyebilen doğal afetler, herkeste aynı tepkilere yol açmamaktadır. Afetler sonrasında sıklıkla görülen ruminasyon ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun kortizol seviyesindeki artıştan bozulmuş endotel fonksiyona, inflamatuar belirteçlerin salınımından kan basıncı artışına kadar birçok fizyolojik etkisi mevcuttur. Ruminasyon ve travma sonrası stres bozukluğunun olumsuz etkilerinin önlenmesi konusunda fiziksel aktivitenin önemli bir rolü bulunmaktadır. Literatürde optimal sonuçlar için ne tür ya da dozda egzersizin gerekli olduğu konusunda belirlenmiş bir konsensus olmasa da, yapılandırılmış fiziksel aktivite ile elde edilen olumlu sonuçları korumak için sürekliliğin olması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Aerobik egzersizler (bisiklet binmek, yürümek, yüzmek vb.), yoga, germe ve kuvvetlendirme egzersizleri travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ve ruminasyon etkilerinin azaltılması konusunda literatürde en sık kullanılan yapılandırılmış fiziksel aktiviteler arasında yer almaktadır. Uygulanan egzersizlerin süresi ise 2-12 hafta arasında değişmektedir. Artan kanıtlar çerçevesinde bu derleme ile afetler sonrası sürece yönelik uygulanabilecek yapılandırılmış fiziksel aktivite önerileri sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Doğal afetler ruminasyon post travmatik stres bozukluğu fiziksel aktivite

Kaynakça

  • Hoyois P, Below R, Scheuren JM, Guha-sapir D. Annual Disaster Statistical Review 2006: Numbers and Trends. 2006;1:1–55.
  • Öcal A. Natural Disasters in Turkey: Social and Economic Perspective. International Journal of Disaster Risk Management. 2019;1(1):51-61.
  • EM-DAT | The international disasters database. Vol. 13. [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Available from: https://www.emdat.be/classification.
  • World Health Organization. Health response to the earthquakes in Van Province, Turkey, 2011. 2012;1–23. [cited 2023 Mar 1]. Available from: https:// www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/181960/e96760.pdf.
  • Bayrak OF, Bikçe M, Erdem MM. Failures of structures during the January 24, 2020, Sivrice (Elazığ) Earthquake in Turkey. Natural Hazards. 2021;108(2).
  • AFAD. Kahramanmaraş’ta Meydana Gelen Depremler Hk Basın Bülteni-35. Available from: https://www.afad.gov.tr/kahramanmarasta-meydana-gelen-depremler-hk-basin-bulteni-35.
  • García FE, Cova F, Rincón P, Vázquez C, Páez D. Coping, rumination and posttraumatic growth in people affected by an earthquake. Psicothema. 2016;28(1):59–65.
  • Felix ED, Afifi TD, Horan SM, Meskunas H, Garber A. Why Family Communication Matters: the Role of Co-rumination and Topic Avoidance in Understanding Post-Disaster Mental Health. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2020;48(11):1511–24.
  • Rubens SL, Felix ED, Hambrick EP. A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Natural Disasters on Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Youth. J Trauma Stress. 2018;31(3):332–41.
  • Furr JM, Comer JS, Edmunds JM, Kendall PC. Disasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2010;78(6):765–80.
  • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Internet]. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association; 2013. Available from: https:// psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
  • Turan N, Yılmaz DY, Ertekin K. The relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder, posttraumatic growth, and rumination in adolescents after earthquake: A systematic review. J Child Adolesc Psychiatr Nurs. 2022;35(3):267–76.
  • Merriam-Webster online dictionary website, [Internet]. [cited 2023 Feb 26]. Available from: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/ rumination.
  • Sansone RA, Sansone LA. Rumination: Relationships with physical health. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2012;9(2):29-34.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema S, Wisco BE, Lyubomirsky S. Rethinking Rumination. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2008;3(5):400–24.
  • Conway M, Mendelson M, Giannopoulos C, Csank PAR, Holm SL. Childhood and adult sexual abuse, rumination on sadness, and dysphoria. Child Abuse Negl. 2004;28(4):393–410.
  • Watkins E, Moberly NJ, Moulds ML. Processing Mode Causally Influences Emotional Reactivity: Distinct Effects of Abstract Versus Concrete Construal on Emotional Response. Emotion. 2008;8(3):364–78.
  • Wu X, Zhou X, Wu Y, An Y. The role of rumination in posttraumatic stress disorder and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the wenchuan earthquake. Front Psychol. 2015;6:1335.
  • Park CL, Fenster JR. Stress-Related Growth: Predictors of Occurrence and Correlates with Psychological Adjustment. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2004;23(2):195–215.
  • Paunovic N, Öst LG. Cognitive-behavior therapy vs exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD in refugees. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39(10):1183- 97.
  • Taft CT, Vogt DS, Mechanic MB, Resick PA. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Physical Health Symptoms Among Women Seeking Help for Relationship Aggression. Journal of Family Psychology. 2007;21(3):354–62.
  • Barskova T, Oesterreich R. Post-traumatic growth in people living with a serious medical condition and its relations to physical and mental health: A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2009;31(21):1709–33.
  • Dirkzwager AJE, Van Der Velden PG, Grievink L, Yzermans CJ. Disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health. Psychosom Med. 2007;69(5):435-40.
  • D’Andrea W, Sharma R, Zelechoski AD, Spinazzola J. Physical health problems after single trauma exposure: When stress takes root in the body. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc. 2011;17(6):378–92.
  • Leal-Soto F, Carmona-Halty M, Ferrer-Urbina R. Rumination in posttraumatic stress and growth after a natural disaster: A model from northern Chile 2014 earthquakes. Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2016;28(7):31638.
  • Sullivan MJL, Bishop SR, Pivik J. The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychol Assess. 1995;7(4):524–32.
  • Thomsen DK, Mehlsen MY, Olesen F, Hokland M, Viidik A, Avlund K, et al. Is there an association between rumination and self-reported physical health?: A one-year follow-up in a young and an elderly sample. J Behav Med. 2004;27(3):215–31.
  • Zoccola PM, Figueroa WS, Rabideau EM, Woody A, Benencia F. Differential effects of poststressor rumination and distraction on cortisol and C-reactive protein. Health Psychol. 2014;33(12):1606–9. Gerin W, Zawadzki MJ, Brosschot JF, Thayer JF, Christenfeld NJS, Campbell TS, et al. Rumination as a mediator of chronic stress effects on hypertension: A causal model. Int J Hypertens. 2012;2012:453465.
  • Pedersen BK, Saltin B. Exercise as medicine - Evidence for prescribing exercise as therapy in 26 different chronic diseases. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2015;25:1–72.
  • Kagawa F, Yokoyama S, Takamura M, Takagaki K, Mitsuyama Y, Shimizu A, et al. Decreased physical activity with subjective pleasure is associated with avoidance behaviors. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):2832.
  • Alderman BL, Olson RL, Brush CJ, Shors TJ. MAP training: Combining meditation and aerobic exercise reduces depression and rumination while enhancing synchronized brain activity. Transl Psychiatry. 2016;6(2):e726.
  • Brand S, Colledge F, Ludyga S, Emmenegger R, Kalak N, Bahmani DS, et al. Acute bouts of exercising improved mood, rumination and social interaction in inpatients with mental disorders. Front Psychol. 2018;9:249.
  • Carletto S, Horovitz O, College TH, Carlos Eduardo Norte I, Falla D, Jadhakhan F, et al. Is exercise/physical activity effective at reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in adults — A systematic review. Front Psychol. 2022;13:943479.
  • Oppizzi LM, Umberger R. The Effect of Physical Activity on PTSD. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2018 Feb;39(2):179-187.
  • Van Der Kolk BA, Stone L, West J, Rhodes A, Emerson D, Suvak M, et al. Yoga as an adjunctive treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Jun;75(6):e559-65.
  • LeBouthillier DM, Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with greater reduction in PTSD symptoms and anxiety sensitivity following aerobic exercise. Ment Health Phys Act. 2016;10.
  • Sumner JA, Chen Q, Roberts AL, Winning A, Rimm EB, Gilsanz P, et al. Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Associations of Chronic Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Inflammatory and Endothelial Function Markers in Women. Biol Psychiatry. 2017;82(12):875-884.
  • Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Campbell WW, Jakicic JM, et al. Physical Activity, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality, and Cardiovascular Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019;51(6):1270-1281.
  • Hall KS, Morey MC, Beckham JC, Bosworth HB, Sloane R, Pieper CF, et al. Warrior Wellness: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of the Effects of Exercise on Physical Function and Clinical Health Risk Factors in Older Military Veterans with PTSD. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2020;75(11):2130-2138.
  • Beserra AHN, Kameda P, Deslandes AC, Schuch FB, Laks J, de Moraes HS. Can physical exercise modulate cortisol level in subjects with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2018;40(4):360-368.
  • Newman CL, Motta RW. The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007 9(2):133- 58.
  • Babson KA, Heinz AJ, Ramirez G, Puckett M, Irons JG, Bonn-Miller MO, et al. The interactive role of exercise and sleep on veteran recovery from symptoms of PTSD. Ment Health Phys Act. 2015;8(1):15-20.
  • Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015 ;44(4):301-13.
  • Rosenbaum S, Vancampfort D, Steel Z, Newby J, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Physical activity in the treatment of Post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vol. 230, Psychiatry Research. 2015 ;230(2):130-6. Diaz AB, Motta R. The effects of an aerobic exercise program on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity in adolescents. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2008;10(1) :49-59. Rosenbaum S, Sherrington C, Tiedemann A. Exercise augmentation compared with usual care for post-traumatic stress disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2015;131(5) :350-9.
  • Rosenbaum S, Vancampfort D, Steel Z, Newby J, Ward PB, Stubbs B. Physical activity in the treatment of Post-traumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research. 2015;230(2):130-6.
  • Mitchell KS, Dick AM, Dimartino DM, Smith BN, Niles B, Koenen KC, et al. A Pilot Study of a Randomized Controlled Trial of Yoga as an Intervention for PTSD Symptoms in Women. J Trauma Stress. 2014; 27(2):121-8.
  • Newman CL, Motta RW. The effects of aerobic exercise on childhood PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Int J Emerg Ment Health. 2007 Spring;9(2):133-58.
  • Fetzner MG, Asmundson GJG. Aerobic Exercise Reduces Symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cogn Behav Ther. 2015 ;44(4):301-13.
  • Moriyama N, Omata J, Sato R, Okazaki K, Yasumura S. Effectiveness of group exercise intervention on subjective well-being and health-related quality of life of older residents in restoration public housing after the great East Japan earthquake: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Psychogeriatrics. 2019 May;19(3):246-254.
  • Kuroda Y, Iwasa H, Orui M, Moriyama N, Suemoto CK, Yashiro C, et al. Risk factor for incident functional disability and the effect of a preventive exercise program: A 4-year prospective cohort study of older survivors from the great east Japan earthquake and nuclear disaster. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018;15(7):1430-8.
  • Greiner C, Ono K, Otoguro C, Chiba K, Ota N. Intervention for the maintenance and improvement of physical function and quality of life among elderly disaster victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. Appl Nurs Res. 2016;31:154-9.
Toplam 51 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Orhan Öztürk 0000-0003-1924-1413

Umut Ziya Koçak 0000-0002-4884-6799

Merve Kurt 0000-0002-8353-1338

Derya Özer Kaya 0000-0002-6899-852X

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 13 Temmuz 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 21 Haziran 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Mart 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Öztürk, O., Koçak, U. Z., Kurt, M., Özer Kaya, D. (2023). Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 699-703.
AMA Öztürk O, Koçak UZ, Kurt M, Özer Kaya D. Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme. İKÇÜSBFD. Haziran 2023;8(2):699-703.
Chicago Öztürk, Orhan, Umut Ziya Koçak, Merve Kurt, ve Derya Özer Kaya. “Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri Ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8, sy. 2 (Haziran 2023): 699-703.
EndNote Öztürk O, Koçak UZ, Kurt M, Özer Kaya D (01 Haziran 2023) Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8 2 699–703.
IEEE O. Öztürk, U. Z. Koçak, M. Kurt, ve D. Özer Kaya, “Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme”, İKÇÜSBFD, c. 8, sy. 2, ss. 699–703, 2023.
ISNAD Öztürk, Orhan vd. “Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri Ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (Haziran 2023), 699-703.
JAMA Öztürk O, Koçak UZ, Kurt M, Özer Kaya D. Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8:699–703.
MLA Öztürk, Orhan vd. “Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri Ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 8, sy. 2, 2023, ss. 699-03.
Vancouver Öztürk O, Koçak UZ, Kurt M, Özer Kaya D. Doğal Afetler Sonrası Stres Bozukluğuna Eşlik Eden Ruminasyonun Fizyolojik Etkileri ve Mücadelede Egzersiz Yaklaşımları: Geleneksel Derleme. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8(2):699-703.
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