18-25 Yaş Aralığındaki Sedanter Bireylerde Reaksiyon Zamanı Ve El Beceri Düzeyine Orta Şiddetteki Aerobik Egzersizin Akut Etkisi
Öz
Bu çalışmanın amacı, 18-25 yaş aralığındaki sedanter bireylerde orta şiddetteki aerobik egzersizin, reaksiyon zamanı ve el beceri düzeyine akut etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada sağlıklı 40 gönüllünün katılımı ile randomize iki grup oluşturuldu: Kontrol (n=20) ve Egzersiz (n=20). Egzersiz grubuna 5 dk ısınma, 20 dk tempolu yürüyüş ve 5 dk soğuma periyodlarından oluşan toplamda 30 dk’lık eğimsiz düz zeminde yürüme egzersizi yaptırıldı. Kontrol grubu ise bu süreci istirahat halinde geçirdi. Egzersiz şiddetinin belirlenmesinde “kalp hızı rezervi” (HRR) metodu kullanıldı ve bireye özel hedef kalp hızlarının hesaplaması [HKH=(KHmax–KHistirahat)×%şiddet+KHistirahat] formülü ile yapıldı. Isınma ve soğuma periyodları düşük şiddette (HRR %30-40), tempolu yürüyüş periyodu ise orta şiddette (HRR %40-60) olacak şekilde belirlendi ve egzersiz süresince “Polar FT7” ile katılımcıların kalp hızı takibi yapıldı. Reaksiyon zamanının ölçümünde Ruler-Drop (RD) testi, el becerisinin değerlendirilmesinde ise Purdue-Pegboard (PP) testi kullanıldı. RD ve PP testleri egzersiz ya da istirahatten hemen-önce (ÖT), hemen-sonra (ST) ve 30 dk sonra (ST30) olmak üzere 3 farklı zaman diliminde yinelendi. Egzersiz grubunda ST’deki reaksiyon zamanının ÖT’ye ve kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı düzeyde kısaldığı bulundu (p<0,05). Egzersiz grubunun ST30’daki PP-çift el beceri puanının ÖT’ ye ve kontrol grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak arttığı görüldü (p<0,05). PP-sağ el, PP-sol el, PP-toplam ve PP-birleştirme puanlarında ise gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılaşma bulunmadı. Ayrıca, reaksiyon zamanı ile PP-çift el, PP-toplam ve PP-birleştirme puanları arasında negatif yönde korelasyon saptantı (p<0,05). Çalışma bulgularımız orta şiddette yapılan akut aerobik egzersizin reaksiyon zamanında kısalma sağlayarak, el-göz koordinasyonu gerektiren bilateral el aktivitesinde performans artışına katkı sağlayabileceğini göstermektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aerobik egzersiz El becerisi Purdue-Pegboard Reaksiyon zamanı
Kaynakça
- Bellis CJ (1933) Reaction time and chronological age. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 30(6):801-803.
- Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, Elavsky S, Marquez DX, Hu L, Kramer AF (2006) Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology 61(11):1166-1170.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve U, Sallis JF, Oja P (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise 35:1381-1395.
- Dane S, Erzurumluoglu A (2003) Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players. International Journal of Neuroscience 113(7):923-929.
- Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, Kim JS, Heo S, Alves H, White SM, Wojcicki TR, Mailey E, Vieira VJ, Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA, McAuley E, Kramer AF (2011) Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. PNAS 108(7):3017-3022.
- Frolov NS, Pitsik EN, Maksimenko VA, Grubov VV, Kiselev AR, Wang Z, Hramov AE (2020) Age-related slowing down in the motor initiation in elderly adults. PLoS One 15(9):e0233942.
- Gardner RA, Broman M (1979) The purdue pegboard: normative data on 1334 school children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 8(3):156-162.
- Garg M, Lata H, Walia L, Goyal O (2013) Effect of aerobic exercise on auditory and visual reaction times: a prospective study. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57(2):138-145.
- Golding LA (2000) YMCA fitness testing and assessment manual. 4th edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Jankovic J, Ben‐Arie L, Schwartz K, Chen K, Khan M, Lai EC, Krauss JK, Grossman R (1999) Movement and reaction times and fine coordination tasks following pallidotomy. Movement Disorders 14(1):57-62.
- Lipošek S, planınšec J, leskošek B, Pajtler A (2018) Physical activity of university students and its relation to physical fitness and academic success. Annales Kinesiologiae 9(2):89-104.
- Mathiowetz V, Rogers SL, Dowe-Keval M, Donahoe L, Rennells C (1986) The purdue pegboard: norms for 14- to 19-year-olds. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 40: 174-179.
- Netz Y, Abu-Rukun M, Tsuk S, Dwolatzky T, Carasso R, Levin O, Dunsky A (2016) Acute aerobic activity enhances response inhibition for less than 30 min. Brain and Cognition 109:59-65.
- Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD (2014) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Planinsec J, Pisot R (2006) Motor coordination and intelligence level in adolescents. Adolescence 41(164):1-11.
- Postuma RB, Lang AE, Massicotte-Marquez J, Montplaisir J (2006) Potential early markers of parkinson disease in idiopathic rem sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 66:845-851.
- Reigali RE, Barrero S, Martin I, Morales-Sanchez V, Mier RJR, Hernandez-Mendo A (2019) Relationships between reaction time, selective attention, physical activity, and physical fitness in children. Frontiers in Psychology 10(2278): 1-8.
- Rivera-Brown AM, Frontera WR (2012) Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. PM&R 4(11):797-804.
- Rossi GD, Malaguti A, Rossi DS (2014) Practice effects associated with repeated assessment of a clinical test of reaction time. Journal of Athletic Training 49(3):356-359.
- Silverman IW (2006) Sex differences in simple visual reaction time: a historical meta-analysis. Sex Roles 54: 57-69.
- Weinstein AM (2010) Computer and video game addiction-a comparison between game users and non-game users. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36:268–276.
- Wilmore J, Knuttgen H (2003) Aerobic exercise and endurance improving fitness for health benefits. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 31(5):45-51.
The Acute Effect Of Moderate Aerobic Exercise On Reaction Time And Hand Skill Level In Sedentary Individuals Aged Between 18-25 Years Old
Öz
This study aims to investigate the acute effect of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on reaction time and dexterity in sedentary individuals aged 18-25 years. In the study, two randomized groups were formed with 40 healthy participants: Control (n=20) and Exercise (n=20). In the exercise group, a total of 30 minutes of walking exercise on flat ground without slope, consisting of 5 minutes of warm-up, 20 minutes of brisk walking, and 5 minutes of cool-down, was performed. The control group spent this time at rest. The "heart rate reserve" method (HRR) was used to determine the exercise intensity, and the calculation of individual target heart rates was made using the formula [THR=(HRmax-HRrest)×% intensity+HRrest]. Warm-up and cool-down periods were determined to be at low intensity (HRR 30-40%) and brisk walking period at medium-intensity (HRR 40-60%), and during the exercise process, the heart rate of the participants was monitored with “Polar FT7”. The Ruler-Drop (RD) test was used to measure the reaction time, and the Purdue-Pegboard (PP) test was used to evaluate manual dexterity. RD and PP tests were repeated in 3 different periods: just before exercise (BE), immediately after (AE), and 30 minutes after (AE30). The reaction time in AE was significantly shortened in the exercise group compared to the BE and control group (p<0.05). It was observed that the PP-both hands skill score in the AE30 of the exercise group increased significantly compared to the BE and the control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in PP-right hand, PP-left hand, PP-sum, and PP-assembly scores. Also, a negative correlation was found between reaction time and PP-both hands, PP-sum, and PP-assembly scores (p<0.05). Our study findings show that acute aerobic exercise performed at moderate-intensity can increase bilateral hand skill performance that requires hand-eye coordination by providing shortening of reaction time.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aerobic exercise Hand dexterity Purdue-Pegboard Reaction time
Kaynakça
- Bellis CJ (1933) Reaction time and chronological age. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 30(6):801-803.
- Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Scalf PE, Kim JS, Prakash R, McAuley E, Elavsky S, Marquez DX, Hu L, Kramer AF (2006) Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology 61(11):1166-1170.
- Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, Pratt M, Ekelund U, Yngve U, Sallis JF, Oja P (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine Science and Sports Exercise 35:1381-1395.
- Dane S, Erzurumluoglu A (2003) Sex and handedness differences in eye-hand visual reaction times in handball players. International Journal of Neuroscience 113(7):923-929.
- Erickson KI, Voss MW, Prakash RS, Basak C, Szabo A, Chaddock L, Kim JS, Heo S, Alves H, White SM, Wojcicki TR, Mailey E, Vieira VJ, Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods JA, McAuley E, Kramer AF (2011) Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. PNAS 108(7):3017-3022.
- Frolov NS, Pitsik EN, Maksimenko VA, Grubov VV, Kiselev AR, Wang Z, Hramov AE (2020) Age-related slowing down in the motor initiation in elderly adults. PLoS One 15(9):e0233942.
- Gardner RA, Broman M (1979) The purdue pegboard: normative data on 1334 school children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 8(3):156-162.
- Garg M, Lata H, Walia L, Goyal O (2013) Effect of aerobic exercise on auditory and visual reaction times: a prospective study. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 57(2):138-145.
- Golding LA (2000) YMCA fitness testing and assessment manual. 4th edition. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
- Jankovic J, Ben‐Arie L, Schwartz K, Chen K, Khan M, Lai EC, Krauss JK, Grossman R (1999) Movement and reaction times and fine coordination tasks following pallidotomy. Movement Disorders 14(1):57-62.
- Lipošek S, planınšec J, leskošek B, Pajtler A (2018) Physical activity of university students and its relation to physical fitness and academic success. Annales Kinesiologiae 9(2):89-104.
- Mathiowetz V, Rogers SL, Dowe-Keval M, Donahoe L, Rennells C (1986) The purdue pegboard: norms for 14- to 19-year-olds. American Journal of Occupational Therapy 40: 174-179.
- Netz Y, Abu-Rukun M, Tsuk S, Dwolatzky T, Carasso R, Levin O, Dunsky A (2016) Acute aerobic activity enhances response inhibition for less than 30 min. Brain and Cognition 109:59-65.
- Pescatello LS, Arena R, Riebe D, Thompson PD (2014) ACSM’s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. 9th edition. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Planinsec J, Pisot R (2006) Motor coordination and intelligence level in adolescents. Adolescence 41(164):1-11.
- Postuma RB, Lang AE, Massicotte-Marquez J, Montplaisir J (2006) Potential early markers of parkinson disease in idiopathic rem sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 66:845-851.
- Reigali RE, Barrero S, Martin I, Morales-Sanchez V, Mier RJR, Hernandez-Mendo A (2019) Relationships between reaction time, selective attention, physical activity, and physical fitness in children. Frontiers in Psychology 10(2278): 1-8.
- Rivera-Brown AM, Frontera WR (2012) Principles of exercise physiology: responses to acute exercise and long-term adaptations to training. PM&R 4(11):797-804.
- Rossi GD, Malaguti A, Rossi DS (2014) Practice effects associated with repeated assessment of a clinical test of reaction time. Journal of Athletic Training 49(3):356-359.
- Silverman IW (2006) Sex differences in simple visual reaction time: a historical meta-analysis. Sex Roles 54: 57-69.
- Weinstein AM (2010) Computer and video game addiction-a comparison between game users and non-game users. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 36:268–276.
- Wilmore J, Knuttgen H (2003) Aerobic exercise and endurance improving fitness for health benefits. The Physician and Sportsmedicine 31(5):45-51.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020Cilt: 5 Sayı: 3 |
