Öz
Amaç: Bu araştırmada, COVİD-19 pandemi sürecinde aktif hizmet veren hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeylerini belirlemek amaçlandı.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırmanın evrenini, İstanbul'da bir şehir hastanesinde görev yapan hemşireler (N:736), örneklemini ise araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 198 hemşire oluşturdu. Araştırma verileri, Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği ile toplandı, frekans, ortalama, bağımsız gruplarda t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve post-hoc testler ile değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Hemşirelerin Maslach Tükenmişlik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 62,33±12,23, alt boyutlarından duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı ortalamaları sırasıyla 29,49±7,63; 13,02±3,98; 19,82±4,19 olarak belirlendi. Erkek hemşireler ile kıyaslandığında kadınların duygusal tükenme düzeyleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksek bulundu (t=2,125; p=,035). Pandemi kliniklerde çalışan hemşireler ile kıyaslandığında diğer kliniklerde çalışan hemşirelerin kişisel başarı düzeyleri anlamlı olarak yüksekti (t=2,147; p=,033). COVİD-19 tanılı hasta ile temas eden hemşirelerin duygusal tükenme düzeyleri de temas etmeyenlere göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti (t=2,040; p=,043).
Uygulamada Kullanım: Hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma ve kişisel başarı alt boyutlarında yüksek bulundu, cinsiyet, klinik ve enfekte hastayla temas durumuna göre ölçek puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edildi. Artan iş yükü, belirsizliğin hakim oluşu, meslektaşların kaybı, aileden uzak yaşam gibi hususlar yüzünden hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyi yüksektir. Salgının ön saflarında mücadele eden sağlık sisteminin bel kemiği olan hemşirelerin desteklenmesi gerektiği söylenebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Acar Sevinç, Sultan, Seyhan Metin, Nermin Balta Basi, Ayşe Surhan Çınar, Melis Türkel Özkan, ve Sibel Oba. 2022. “Anxiety and Burnout in Anesthetists and Intensive Care Unit Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition) 72(2):169-75. doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2021.07.011.
- Aktura, Seher Çevik, Özden, Gürkan. 2020. ''Salgının Psikolojik Etkileri: Covid-19 Hemşireleri''. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 13(72): 1146-1152.
- Bellanti, Francesco, Aurelio Lo Buglio, Erika Capuano, Michał Dobrakowski, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Sławomir Kasperczyk, Antonio Ventriglio, ve Gianluigi Vendemiale. 2021. “Factors Related to Nurses’ Burnout during the First Wave of Coronavirus Disease-19 in a University Hospital in Italy”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(10):5051. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105051.
- Bruyneel, Arnaud, Pierre Smith, Jérôme Tack, ve Magali Pirson. 2021. “Prevalence of Burnout Risk and Factors Associated with Burnout Risk among ICU Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak in French Speaking Belgium”. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 65:103059. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103059.
- Can, Recep, Macit Hisar, Kemal. 2019. ''Hemşirelerin Profesyonellik Davranışları ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri''. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 6(1): 1-9.
- Erdağı, Semra, Özer, Nadiye. 2015. ''Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Çalışma Ortamlarının, Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Algılarının ve Tükenmişlik Durumlarının İncelenmesi''. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 18(2): 94-106.
- Gündüz Hoşgör, Derya, Çatak Tanyel, Tuba, Cin, Saadet, Bozkurt, Serpil. 2021. ''Covıd-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişlik: İstanbul İli Örneği''. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8(2): 372-386.
- Hair, Joseph F, Black, William C, Babin, Barry J, Anderson, Rolph E, Tatham, R L. 2013. Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.
- Houghto, Catherine, Meskell, Pauline, Delaney, Hannah, Smalle, Mike, Glenton, Claire, Booth, Andrew, et al. 2020. ''Barriers and Facilitators to Healthcare Workers’ Adherence with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for Respiratory Infectious Diseases: A Rapid Qualitative Evidence Synthesis''. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4(4):CD013582.
- Hu, Zihan, Haofei, Wang, Jianfeng, Xie, Junwei, Zhang, Hailiang, Li, Songqiao, Liu, Qing, Li, Yi, Yang, ve Yingz, Huang. 2021. “Burnout in ICU Doctors and Nurses in Mainland China–A National Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Critical Care 62:265-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.12.029.
- Jakovljevic, Biljana, Katarina Stojanovic, Tamara Nikolic Turnic, ve Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic. 2021. “Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(16):8728. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168728.
- Jihn, Chang-Ho, Bokyoung Kim, ve Kue Sook Kim. 2021. “Predictors of Burnout in Hospital Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(21):11720. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111720.
- Kayaoğlu, Kübra, ve Eren Aslanoğlu. 2021. “Determining the Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome in Psychiatric Nurses and Compassion Fatigue”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 13(3):676-82. doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-79250.
- Kekeç, Dudu, ve Mehtap Tan. 2021. “Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Tükenmişlik Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi”. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. doi: 10.26453/otjhs.765237.
- Lou, Nigel Mantou, Tina Montreuil, Liane S. Feldman, Gerald M. Fried, Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay, Farhan Bhanji, Heather Kennedy, Pepa Kaneva, ve Jason M. Harley. 2022. “Nurses’ and Physicians’ Distress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies During COVID-19: Stress and Impact on Perceived Performance and Intentions to Quit”. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 42(1):e44-52. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000365.
- Lu, Wen. Wang, Hang. Lin, Yuxing. Li, Li. 2020. ''Psychological Status Of Medical Workforce During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study''. Psychiatry Research 288, 11293.
- Luo, M.; Guo, L.; Yu, M.; Jiang, W.; Wang, H. 2020. ''The Psychological And Mental İmpact Of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) On Medical Staff And General Public—A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis''. Psychiatry Research 291, 113190.
- Maslach, Christina ve Jackson, Susan E. 1981. “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Occupational Behaviour 2: 99-113.
- Matsuo, Takahiro, Kobayashi, Daiki, Taki, Fumika, Sakamoto, Fumie, Uehara, Yuki, Mori, Nobuyoshi, Fukui, Tsuguya. 2020. ''Prevalence of Health Care Worker Burnout During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Japan''. JAMA Network Open 3:e2017271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17271.
- Nishimura, Yoshito, Tomoko Miyoshi, Hideharu Hagiya, Yoshinori Kosaki, ve Fumio Otsuka. 2021. “Burnout of Healthcare Workers amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Survey”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(5):2434. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052434.
- Oğuzberk, Müge, ve Arzu Aydın. t.y. “Ruh Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişlik”. 2009 13.
- Patel, Rikinkumar S, Bachu, Ramya, Adikey, Archana, Malik, Meryem, Shah, Mansi. 2018. ''Factors Related To Physician Burnout And İts Consequences: A Review''. Behavioral Sciences 8, 98.
- Rivas, Noel, María López, María-José Castro, Sofía Luis-Vian, Mercedes Fernández-Castro, María-José Cao, Sara García, Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez, ve José-María Jiménez. 2021. “Analysis of Burnout Syndrome and Resilience in Nurses throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(19):10470. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910470.
- Ruiz-Fernández, Maria Doloros, Pérez-García, Esteban, Ortega-Galán Ángela Maria. 2020. ''Quality of Life in Nursing Professionals: Burnout, Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:4.
- Sinu Jose, Manju Dhandapani, ve Maneesha C Cyriac. 2020. “Burnout and Resilience among Frontline Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center, North India”. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 24(11):1081-88. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23667.
- Şahi̇n, Sevil, Duygu Özgen, Kevser İLçi̇Oğlu, ve Alaettin Ünsal. 2018. “Assessment Of Empathy And Burnout Levels Of Hospıtal Nurses Abstract”. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 318-25. doi: 10.18521/ktd.307194.
- Wan, Zhiying, Lian, Mengfei, Ma, Hui, Xianyu, Yunyan. 2020. Factors Associated with Burnout among Chinese Nurses during COVID-19 Epidemic: A crosssectional study. BMC Nursing 21(51). doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00831-3.
Öz
Aim: In this study, it was aimed to determine the burnout levels of nurses who provide active service during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Method: The universe of this descriptive study consisted of nurses (N:736) working in a city hospital in Istanbul, and the sample consisted of 198 nurses who agreed to participate in the study. Research data were collected with Personal Information Form and Maslach Burnout Scale, and evaluated with frequency, mean, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests.
Results: Nurses' Maslach Burnout Scale mean total score was 62.33±12.23, sub-dimensions emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement mean 29.49±7.63, respectively; 13.02±3.98; It was determined as 19.82±4.19. Emotional exhaustion levels of women were found to be significantly higher when compared to male nurses (t=2.125; p=.035). When compared to nurses working in pandemic clinics, nurses working in other clinics had significantly higher personal achievement levels (t=2.147; p=.033). Emotional exhaustion levels of nurses who came into contact with patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 were also significantly higher than those who did not (t=2.040; p=.043).
Usage in Practice: Nurses' burnout levels were found to be high in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal achievement sub-dimensions, and significant differences were found between the scale mean scores according to gender, clinic and contact status with the infected patient. The burnout level of nurses is high due to issues such as increased workload, uncertainty, loss of colleagues, and life away from family. It can be said that nurses, who are the backbone of the health system struggling at the forefront of the epidemic, should be supported.
Kaynakça
- Acar Sevinç, Sultan, Seyhan Metin, Nermin Balta Basi, Ayşe Surhan Çınar, Melis Türkel Özkan, ve Sibel Oba. 2022. “Anxiety and Burnout in Anesthetists and Intensive Care Unit Nurses during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology (English Edition) 72(2):169-75. doi:10.1016/j.bjane.2021.07.011.
- Aktura, Seher Çevik, Özden, Gürkan. 2020. ''Salgının Psikolojik Etkileri: Covid-19 Hemşireleri''. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi 13(72): 1146-1152.
- Bellanti, Francesco, Aurelio Lo Buglio, Erika Capuano, Michał Dobrakowski, Aleksandra Kasperczyk, Sławomir Kasperczyk, Antonio Ventriglio, ve Gianluigi Vendemiale. 2021. “Factors Related to Nurses’ Burnout during the First Wave of Coronavirus Disease-19 in a University Hospital in Italy”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(10):5051. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105051.
- Bruyneel, Arnaud, Pierre Smith, Jérôme Tack, ve Magali Pirson. 2021. “Prevalence of Burnout Risk and Factors Associated with Burnout Risk among ICU Nurses during the COVID-19 Outbreak in French Speaking Belgium”. Intensive and Critical Care Nursing 65:103059. doi: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103059.
- Can, Recep, Macit Hisar, Kemal. 2019. ''Hemşirelerin Profesyonellik Davranışları ve Tükenmişlik Düzeyleri''. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Dergisi 6(1): 1-9.
- Erdağı, Semra, Özer, Nadiye. 2015. ''Cerrahi Kliniklerde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Çalışma Ortamlarının, Hasta Güvenliği Kültürü Algılarının ve Tükenmişlik Durumlarının İncelenmesi''. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 18(2): 94-106.
- Gündüz Hoşgör, Derya, Çatak Tanyel, Tuba, Cin, Saadet, Bozkurt, Serpil. 2021. ''Covıd-19 Pandemisi Döneminde Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişlik: İstanbul İli Örneği''. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi 8(2): 372-386.
- Hair, Joseph F, Black, William C, Babin, Barry J, Anderson, Rolph E, Tatham, R L. 2013. Multivariate Data Analysis: Pearson Education Limited.
- Houghto, Catherine, Meskell, Pauline, Delaney, Hannah, Smalle, Mike, Glenton, Claire, Booth, Andrew, et al. 2020. ''Barriers and Facilitators to Healthcare Workers’ Adherence with Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Guidelines for Respiratory Infectious Diseases: A Rapid Qualitative Evidence Synthesis''. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 4(4):CD013582.
- Hu, Zihan, Haofei, Wang, Jianfeng, Xie, Junwei, Zhang, Hailiang, Li, Songqiao, Liu, Qing, Li, Yi, Yang, ve Yingz, Huang. 2021. “Burnout in ICU Doctors and Nurses in Mainland China–A National Cross-Sectional Study”. Journal of Critical Care 62:265-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2020.12.029.
- Jakovljevic, Biljana, Katarina Stojanovic, Tamara Nikolic Turnic, ve Vladimir Lj. Jakovljevic. 2021. “Burnout of Physicians, Pharmacists and Nurses in the Course of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Serbian Cross-Sectional Questionnaire Study”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(16):8728. doi:10.3390/ijerph18168728.
- Jihn, Chang-Ho, Bokyoung Kim, ve Kue Sook Kim. 2021. “Predictors of Burnout in Hospital Health Workers during the COVID-19 Outbreak in South Korea”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(21):11720. doi: 10.3390/ijerph182111720.
- Kayaoğlu, Kübra, ve Eren Aslanoğlu. 2021. “Determining the Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome in Psychiatric Nurses and Compassion Fatigue”. Türkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences 13(3):676-82. doi: 10.5336/nurses.2020-79250.
- Kekeç, Dudu, ve Mehtap Tan. 2021. “Yoğun Bakım Ünitelerinde Çalışan Hemşirelerin Tükenmişlik Düzeyinin Belirlenmesi”. Online Türk Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. doi: 10.26453/otjhs.765237.
- Lou, Nigel Mantou, Tina Montreuil, Liane S. Feldman, Gerald M. Fried, Mélanie Lavoie-Tremblay, Farhan Bhanji, Heather Kennedy, Pepa Kaneva, ve Jason M. Harley. 2022. “Nurses’ and Physicians’ Distress, Burnout, and Coping Strategies During COVID-19: Stress and Impact on Perceived Performance and Intentions to Quit”. Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions 42(1):e44-52. doi: 10.1097/CEH.0000000000000365.
- Lu, Wen. Wang, Hang. Lin, Yuxing. Li, Li. 2020. ''Psychological Status Of Medical Workforce During The COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study''. Psychiatry Research 288, 11293.
- Luo, M.; Guo, L.; Yu, M.; Jiang, W.; Wang, H. 2020. ''The Psychological And Mental İmpact Of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) On Medical Staff And General Public—A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis''. Psychiatry Research 291, 113190.
- Maslach, Christina ve Jackson, Susan E. 1981. “The Measurement of Experienced Burnout”, Journal of Occupational Behaviour 2: 99-113.
- Matsuo, Takahiro, Kobayashi, Daiki, Taki, Fumika, Sakamoto, Fumie, Uehara, Yuki, Mori, Nobuyoshi, Fukui, Tsuguya. 2020. ''Prevalence of Health Care Worker Burnout During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in Japan''. JAMA Network Open 3:e2017271. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17271.
- Nishimura, Yoshito, Tomoko Miyoshi, Hideharu Hagiya, Yoshinori Kosaki, ve Fumio Otsuka. 2021. “Burnout of Healthcare Workers amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Japanese Cross-Sectional Survey”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(5):2434. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052434.
- Oğuzberk, Müge, ve Arzu Aydın. t.y. “Ruh Sağlık Çalışanlarında Tükenmişlik”. 2009 13.
- Patel, Rikinkumar S, Bachu, Ramya, Adikey, Archana, Malik, Meryem, Shah, Mansi. 2018. ''Factors Related To Physician Burnout And İts Consequences: A Review''. Behavioral Sciences 8, 98.
- Rivas, Noel, María López, María-José Castro, Sofía Luis-Vian, Mercedes Fernández-Castro, María-José Cao, Sara García, Veronica Velasco-Gonzalez, ve José-María Jiménez. 2021. “Analysis of Burnout Syndrome and Resilience in Nurses throughout the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18(19):10470. doi: 10.3390/ijerph181910470.
- Ruiz-Fernández, Maria Doloros, Pérez-García, Esteban, Ortega-Galán Ángela Maria. 2020. ''Quality of Life in Nursing Professionals: Burnout, Fatigue, and Compassion Satisfaction''. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17:4.
- Sinu Jose, Manju Dhandapani, ve Maneesha C Cyriac. 2020. “Burnout and Resilience among Frontline Nurses during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study in the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Center, North India”. Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine 24(11):1081-88. doi: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23667.
- Şahi̇n, Sevil, Duygu Özgen, Kevser İLçi̇Oğlu, ve Alaettin Ünsal. 2018. “Assessment Of Empathy And Burnout Levels Of Hospıtal Nurses Abstract”. Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 318-25. doi: 10.18521/ktd.307194.
- Wan, Zhiying, Lian, Mengfei, Ma, Hui, Xianyu, Yunyan. 2020. Factors Associated with Burnout among Chinese Nurses during COVID-19 Epidemic: A crosssectional study. BMC Nursing 21(51). doi.org/10.1186/s12912-022-00831-3.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hemşirelik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 29 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 |
Güncel Hemşirelik Araştırmaları Dergisi Creative Commons Atıf-GayriTicari 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı (CC BY NC) ile lisanslanmıştır.