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Sedentary behavior and cognitive function

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 74 - 81, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2021.52

Öz

Sedentary behavior/ sedentary life is one of the risk factors that negatively affect a healthy and high-quality life. Another health-threatening risk factor is cognitive impairment. These dysfunctions can manifest as dementia, alzheimer's, mild cognitive impairment that are common in people's lives. With the increase in the number of people with cognitive impairment in the world and in our country, it has become very important to study these two concepts together. High levels of sedentary behavior are associated with decreased overall cognitive function and cognitive attenuation, especially in the elderly. Neuropsychological assessments performed for due diligence can be categorized according to the field of thought being tested. These areas include holistic cognition (e.g., the Mini-Mental State Examination), concentration (ability to process information quickly), executive function (a collection of cognitive mechanisms responsible for goal-directed initiation and monitoring), memory (ability to store and retrieve goal-directed behaviors) and working memory (short-term manipulation of encountered information). Factors such as depression, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, social distance, occupation, sleep disorder and history of illness may reveal sedentary behavior. All these factors lead to cognitive impairment. Although current evidence shows that cognitive function is associated with sedentary activity, the extent of this relationship remains unclear.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)–terminology consensus project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2017;14(1):1-17.
  • 2.Graf DL, Pratt LV, Hester CN, Short KR. Playing active video games increases energy expenditure in children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):534-40.
  • 3.Mansoubi M, Pearson N, Clemes SA, Biddle SJ, Bodicoat DH, Tolfrey K, et al. Energy expenditure during common sitting and standing tasks: examining the 1.5 MET definition of sedentary behaviour. BMC public health. 2015;15(1):1-8.
  • 4.Organization WH. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 5.Yang L, Cao C, Kantor ED, Nguyen LH, Zheng X, Park Y, et al. Trends in sedentary behavior among the US population, 2001-2016. Jama. 2019;321(16):1587-97.
  • 6.Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Juolevi A, Jousilahti P. Thirty-year trends of physical activity in relation to age, calendar time and birth cohort in Finnish adults. European Journal of Public Health. 2008;18(3):339-44.
  • 7.Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P. Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns are associated with selected adolescent health risk behaviors. Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):1281-90.
  • 8.Young DR, Hivert M-F, Alhassan S, Camhi SM, Ferguson JF, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(13):e262-e79.
  • 9.Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. European journal of epidemiology. 2018;33(9):811-29.
  • 10.Hadgraft NT, Winkler E, Climie RE, Grace MS, Romero L, Owen N, et al. Effects of sedentary behaviour interventions on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in adults: systematic review with meta-analyses. British journal of sports medicine. 2021;55(3):144-54.
  • 11.Jiang T, Luo J, Pan X, Zheng H, Yang H, Zhang L, et al. Physical exercise modulates the astrocytes polarization, promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Life Sciences. 2021;278:119526.
  • 12.Huang Y, Li L, Gan Y, Wang C, Jiang H, Cao S, et al. Sedentary behaviors and risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):26.
  • 13.Vergoossen LW, Jansen J, de Jong J, Stehouwer C, Schaper N, Savelberg H, et al. Association of physical activity and sedentary time with structural brain networks—The Maastricht Study. GeroScience. 2021;43(1):239-52.
  • 14.Shah H, Albanese E, Duggan C, Rudan I, Langa KM, Carrillo MC, et al. Research priorities to reduce the global burden of dementia by 2025. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(12):1285-94.
  • 15.Kazi A, Haslam C, Duncan M, Clemes S, Twumasi R. Sedentary behaviour and health at work: an investigation of industrial sector, job role, gender and geographical differences. Ergonomics. 2019;62(1):21-30.
  • 16.Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Prospective study of sedentary behavior, risk of depression, and cognitive impairment. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2014;46(4):718.
  • 17.Steinberg SI, Sammel MD, Harel BT, Schembri A, Policastro C, Bogner HR, et al. Exercise, sedentary pastimes, and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®. 2015;30(3):290-8.
  • 18.Vance DE, Wadley VG, Ball KK, Roenker DL, Rizzo M. The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on cognitive health in older adults. Journal of aging and physical activity. 2005;13(3):294-313.
  • 19.Wheeler MJ, Dempsey PC, Grace MS, Ellis KA, Gardiner PA, Green DJ, et al. Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for cognitive decline? A focus on the influence of glycemic control in brain health. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 2017;3(3):291-300.
  • 20.Falck RS, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T. What is the association between sedentary behaviour and cognitive function? A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine. 2017;51(10):800-11.
  • 21.Hidding LM, Altenburg TM, Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Chinapaw MJ. Systematic review of childhood sedentary behavior questionnaires: what do we know and what is next? Sports Medicine. 2017;47(4):677-99.
  • 22.Nam S, Jeon S, Ash G, Whittemore R, Vlahov D. Racial Discrimination, Sedentary Time, and Physical Activity in African Americans: Quantitative Study Combining Ecological Momentary Assessment and Accelerometers. JMIR Formative Research. 2021;5(6):e25687.
  • 23.Holtermann A, Schellewald V, Mathiassen SE, Gupta N, Pinder A, Punakallio A, et al. A practical guidance for assessments of sedentary behavior at work: A PEROSH initiative. Appl Ergon. 2017;63:41-52.
  • 24.Compernolle S, DeSmet A, Poppe L, Crombez G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G, et al. Effectiveness of interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):63.
  • 25.Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Hoffman BM, Cooper H, Strauman TA, Welsh-Bohmer K, et al. Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(3):23952.
  • 26.Monroe T, Carter M. Using the Folstein Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to explore methodological issues in cognitive aging research. European Journal of Ageing. 2012;9(3):265-74.
  • 27.Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A. The mini‐cog: a cognitive ‘vital signs’ measure for dementia screening in multi‐lingual elderly. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2000;15(11):1021-7.
  • 28.Ryan J, Woods RL, Murray AM, Shah RC, Britt CJ, Reid CM, et al. Normative performance of older individuals on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) according to ethno-racial group, gender, age and education level. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2020:1-17.
  • 29.Yilmaz A, Gokcen C, Fettahoglu EC, Ozatalay E. The effect of methylphenidate on executive functions in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013;23(2):162-70.
  • 30.Schneider JJ, Gouvier WD. Utility of the UFOV test with mild traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology. 2005;12(3):138-42.
  • 31.Weeks BK, Beck BR. The BPAQ: a bone-specific physical activity assessment instrument. Osteoporosis international. 2008;19(11):1567-77.
  • 32.Matthews CE, Keadle SK, Sampson J, Lyden K, Bowles HR, Moore SC, et al. Validation of a previous-day recall measure of active and sedentary behaviors. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013;45(8):1629.
  • 33.Hagströmer M, Oja P, Sjöström M. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity. Public health nutrition. 2006;9(6):755-62.
  • 34.Marshall AL, Miller YD, Burton NW, Brown WJ. Measuring total and domain-specific sitting: a study of reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2010;42(6):1094-102.
  • 35.Chau JY, Van Der Ploeg HP, Dunn S, Kurko J, Bauman AE. A tool for measuring workers' sitting time by domain: the Workforce Sitting Questionnaire. British journal of sports medicine. 2011;45(15):1216-22.
  • 36.Wijndaele K, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Godino JG, Lynch BM, Griffin SJ, Westgate K, et al. Reliability and validity of a domain-specific last 7-d sedentary time questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2014;46(6):1248.
  • 37.Rosenberg DE, Norman GJ, Wagner N, Patrick K, Calfas KJ, Sallis JF. Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2010;7(6):697-705.
  • 38.Hardy LL, Booth ML, Okely AD. The reliability of the adolescent sedentary activity questionnaire (ASAQ). Preventive medicine. 2007;45(1):71-4.
  • 39.Shuval K, Kohl HW, Bernstein I, Cheng D, Gabriel KP, Barlow CE, et al. Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity assessment in primary care: the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) study. British journal of sports medicine. 2014;48(3):250-5.
  • 40.Gardiner PA, Clark BK, Healy GN, Eakin EG, Winkler EA, Owen N. Measuring older adults' sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(11):2127-33.
  • 41.Clark BK, Winkler E, Healy GN, Gardiner PG, Dunstan DW, Owen N, et al. Adults' past-day recall of sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013;45(6):1198-207.
  • 42.Visser M, Koster A. LASA Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (appears in: Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Sedentary Time in Older Persons--A Comparative Study Using Accelerometry.). Copyright: Creative Commons License. 2013.
  • 43.Jancey J, Tye M, McGann S, Blackford K, Lee AH. Application of the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) to office based workers. BMC public health. 2014;14(1):1-6.
  • 44.Moulin MS, Prapavessis H, Tucker P, Irwin JD. Using mixed-method feasibility studies to examine the impact of a mobile standing desk on undergraduates’ sedentary time. Journal of American College Health. 2020:1-10.
  • 45.CBT BPO. Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy: Definition and scientific foundations. Handbook of brief cognitive behaviour therapy. 2002:1.
  • 46.Loef M, Walach H. Fruit, vegetables and prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review of cohort studies. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2012;16(7):626-30.
  • 47.Devore EE, Grodstein F, van Rooij FJ, Hofman A, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009;90(1):170-6.
  • 48.Chang Y-K, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research. 2012;1453:87-101.
  • 49.Biddle SJ, Mutrie N, Gorely T, Faulkner G. Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being and interventions: Routledge; 2021.
  • 50.Faieta JM, Devos H, Vaduvathiriyan P, York MK, Erickson KI, Hirsch MA, et al. Exercise interventions for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic Reviews. 2021;10(1):1-8.

Sedanter davranış ve bilişsel fonksiyon

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2, 74 - 81, 31.08.2021
https://doi.org/10.35514/mtd.2021.52

Öz

Sağlıklı ve kaliteli bir yaşamı olumsuz etkileyen risk faktörlerinin başında sedanter davranış/ sedanter yaşam gelmektedir. Sağlığı tehdit eden bir diğer risk faktörü de bilişsel bozukluklardır. Bu işlev bozuklukları kişilerin hayatında sıkça rastlanan demans, alzheimer, hafif kognitif bozukluk olarak kendini gösterebilir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde bilişsel bozukluğu olan kişilerin sayısının artması ile bu iki kavramı birlikte incelemek oldukça önem kazanmıştır. Yüksek sedanter davranış seviyeleri, özellikle yaşlılarda, genel bilişsel işlevlerin azalması ve bilişsel zayıflama ile ilişkilidir. Durum tespiti için gerçekleştirilen nöropsikolojik değerlendirmeler, test edilen düşünce alanına göre kategorize edilebilir. Bu alanlar, bütüncül biliş (örneğin, Mini-Zihinsel Durum Muayenesi), konsantrasyon (bilgiyi hızlı bir şekilde işleme yeteneği), yürütme işlevi (hedefe yönelik başlatma ve izlemeden sorumlu bilişsel mekanizmalar topluluğu), bellek (hedefe yönelik davranışları depolama ve geri getirme yeteneği) ve çalışma belleği (karşılaşılan bilgilerin kısa süreli manipülasyonu) olarak ifade edilebilir. Depresyon, alkol tüketimi, sigara içme alışkanlığı, sosyal mesafe, meslek, uyku bozukluğu ve hastalık öyküsü gibi faktörler sedanter davranışı ortaya çıkarabilir. Tüm bu faktörler bilişsel bozulmaya yol açmaktadır. Mevcut kanıtlar, bilişsel işlevin sedanter aktivite ile ilişkili olduğunu gösterse de bu ilişkinin boyutu hala belirsizliğini korumaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • 1.Tremblay MS, Aubert S, Barnes JD, Saunders TJ, Carson V, Latimer-Cheung AE, et al. Sedentary behavior research network (SBRN)–terminology consensus project process and outcome. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2017;14(1):1-17.
  • 2.Graf DL, Pratt LV, Hester CN, Short KR. Playing active video games increases energy expenditure in children. Pediatrics. 2009;124(2):534-40.
  • 3.Mansoubi M, Pearson N, Clemes SA, Biddle SJ, Bodicoat DH, Tolfrey K, et al. Energy expenditure during common sitting and standing tasks: examining the 1.5 MET definition of sedentary behaviour. BMC public health. 2015;15(1):1-8.
  • 4.Organization WH. Global action plan on physical activity 2018-2030: more active people for a healthier world: World Health Organization; 2019.
  • 5.Yang L, Cao C, Kantor ED, Nguyen LH, Zheng X, Park Y, et al. Trends in sedentary behavior among the US population, 2001-2016. Jama. 2019;321(16):1587-97.
  • 6.Borodulin K, Laatikainen T, Juolevi A, Jousilahti P. Thirty-year trends of physical activity in relation to age, calendar time and birth cohort in Finnish adults. European Journal of Public Health. 2008;18(3):339-44.
  • 7.Nelson MC, Gordon-Larsen P. Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns are associated with selected adolescent health risk behaviors. Pediatrics. 2006;117(4):1281-90.
  • 8.Young DR, Hivert M-F, Alhassan S, Camhi SM, Ferguson JF, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Sedentary behavior and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;134(13):e262-e79.
  • 9.Patterson R, McNamara E, Tainio M, de Sá TH, Smith AD, Sharp SJ, et al. Sedentary behaviour and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality, and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and dose response meta-analysis. European journal of epidemiology. 2018;33(9):811-29.
  • 10.Hadgraft NT, Winkler E, Climie RE, Grace MS, Romero L, Owen N, et al. Effects of sedentary behaviour interventions on biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in adults: systematic review with meta-analyses. British journal of sports medicine. 2021;55(3):144-54.
  • 11.Jiang T, Luo J, Pan X, Zheng H, Yang H, Zhang L, et al. Physical exercise modulates the astrocytes polarization, promotes myelin debris clearance and remyelination in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats. Life Sciences. 2021;278:119526.
  • 12.Huang Y, Li L, Gan Y, Wang C, Jiang H, Cao S, et al. Sedentary behaviors and risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):26.
  • 13.Vergoossen LW, Jansen J, de Jong J, Stehouwer C, Schaper N, Savelberg H, et al. Association of physical activity and sedentary time with structural brain networks—The Maastricht Study. GeroScience. 2021;43(1):239-52.
  • 14.Shah H, Albanese E, Duggan C, Rudan I, Langa KM, Carrillo MC, et al. Research priorities to reduce the global burden of dementia by 2025. The Lancet Neurology. 2016;15(12):1285-94.
  • 15.Kazi A, Haslam C, Duncan M, Clemes S, Twumasi R. Sedentary behaviour and health at work: an investigation of industrial sector, job role, gender and geographical differences. Ergonomics. 2019;62(1):21-30.
  • 16.Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Prospective study of sedentary behavior, risk of depression, and cognitive impairment. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2014;46(4):718.
  • 17.Steinberg SI, Sammel MD, Harel BT, Schembri A, Policastro C, Bogner HR, et al. Exercise, sedentary pastimes, and cognitive performance in healthy older adults. American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias®. 2015;30(3):290-8.
  • 18.Vance DE, Wadley VG, Ball KK, Roenker DL, Rizzo M. The effects of physical activity and sedentary behavior on cognitive health in older adults. Journal of aging and physical activity. 2005;13(3):294-313.
  • 19.Wheeler MJ, Dempsey PC, Grace MS, Ellis KA, Gardiner PA, Green DJ, et al. Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for cognitive decline? A focus on the influence of glycemic control in brain health. Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions. 2017;3(3):291-300.
  • 20.Falck RS, Davis JC, Liu-Ambrose T. What is the association between sedentary behaviour and cognitive function? A systematic review. British journal of sports medicine. 2017;51(10):800-11.
  • 21.Hidding LM, Altenburg TM, Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Chinapaw MJ. Systematic review of childhood sedentary behavior questionnaires: what do we know and what is next? Sports Medicine. 2017;47(4):677-99.
  • 22.Nam S, Jeon S, Ash G, Whittemore R, Vlahov D. Racial Discrimination, Sedentary Time, and Physical Activity in African Americans: Quantitative Study Combining Ecological Momentary Assessment and Accelerometers. JMIR Formative Research. 2021;5(6):e25687.
  • 23.Holtermann A, Schellewald V, Mathiassen SE, Gupta N, Pinder A, Punakallio A, et al. A practical guidance for assessments of sedentary behavior at work: A PEROSH initiative. Appl Ergon. 2017;63:41-52.
  • 24.Compernolle S, DeSmet A, Poppe L, Crombez G, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Cardon G, et al. Effectiveness of interventions using self-monitoring to reduce sedentary behavior in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2019;16(1):63.
  • 25.Smith PJ, Blumenthal JA, Hoffman BM, Cooper H, Strauman TA, Welsh-Bohmer K, et al. Aerobic exercise and neurocognitive performance: a meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(3):23952.
  • 26.Monroe T, Carter M. Using the Folstein Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) to explore methodological issues in cognitive aging research. European Journal of Ageing. 2012;9(3):265-74.
  • 27.Borson S, Scanlan J, Brush M, Vitaliano P, Dokmak A. The mini‐cog: a cognitive ‘vital signs’ measure for dementia screening in multi‐lingual elderly. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 2000;15(11):1021-7.
  • 28.Ryan J, Woods RL, Murray AM, Shah RC, Britt CJ, Reid CM, et al. Normative performance of older individuals on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) according to ethno-racial group, gender, age and education level. The Clinical Neuropsychologist. 2020:1-17.
  • 29.Yilmaz A, Gokcen C, Fettahoglu EC, Ozatalay E. The effect of methylphenidate on executive functions in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2013;23(2):162-70.
  • 30.Schneider JJ, Gouvier WD. Utility of the UFOV test with mild traumatic brain injury. Applied Neuropsychology. 2005;12(3):138-42.
  • 31.Weeks BK, Beck BR. The BPAQ: a bone-specific physical activity assessment instrument. Osteoporosis international. 2008;19(11):1567-77.
  • 32.Matthews CE, Keadle SK, Sampson J, Lyden K, Bowles HR, Moore SC, et al. Validation of a previous-day recall measure of active and sedentary behaviors. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013;45(8):1629.
  • 33.Hagströmer M, Oja P, Sjöström M. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ): a study of concurrent and construct validity. Public health nutrition. 2006;9(6):755-62.
  • 34.Marshall AL, Miller YD, Burton NW, Brown WJ. Measuring total and domain-specific sitting: a study of reliability and validity. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2010;42(6):1094-102.
  • 35.Chau JY, Van Der Ploeg HP, Dunn S, Kurko J, Bauman AE. A tool for measuring workers' sitting time by domain: the Workforce Sitting Questionnaire. British journal of sports medicine. 2011;45(15):1216-22.
  • 36.Wijndaele K, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Godino JG, Lynch BM, Griffin SJ, Westgate K, et al. Reliability and validity of a domain-specific last 7-d sedentary time questionnaire. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2014;46(6):1248.
  • 37.Rosenberg DE, Norman GJ, Wagner N, Patrick K, Calfas KJ, Sallis JF. Reliability and validity of the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ) for adults. Journal of Physical Activity and Health. 2010;7(6):697-705.
  • 38.Hardy LL, Booth ML, Okely AD. The reliability of the adolescent sedentary activity questionnaire (ASAQ). Preventive medicine. 2007;45(1):71-4.
  • 39.Shuval K, Kohl HW, Bernstein I, Cheng D, Gabriel KP, Barlow CE, et al. Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity assessment in primary care: the Rapid Assessment Disuse Index (RADI) study. British journal of sports medicine. 2014;48(3):250-5.
  • 40.Gardiner PA, Clark BK, Healy GN, Eakin EG, Winkler EA, Owen N. Measuring older adults' sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2011;43(11):2127-33.
  • 41.Clark BK, Winkler E, Healy GN, Gardiner PG, Dunstan DW, Owen N, et al. Adults' past-day recall of sedentary time: reliability, validity, and responsiveness. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2013;45(6):1198-207.
  • 42.Visser M, Koster A. LASA Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (appears in: Development of a Questionnaire to Assess Sedentary Time in Older Persons--A Comparative Study Using Accelerometry.). Copyright: Creative Commons License. 2013.
  • 43.Jancey J, Tye M, McGann S, Blackford K, Lee AH. Application of the Occupational Sitting and Physical Activity Questionnaire (OSPAQ) to office based workers. BMC public health. 2014;14(1):1-6.
  • 44.Moulin MS, Prapavessis H, Tucker P, Irwin JD. Using mixed-method feasibility studies to examine the impact of a mobile standing desk on undergraduates’ sedentary time. Journal of American College Health. 2020:1-10.
  • 45.CBT BPO. Brief cognitive-behavioral therapy: Definition and scientific foundations. Handbook of brief cognitive behaviour therapy. 2002:1.
  • 46.Loef M, Walach H. Fruit, vegetables and prevention of cognitive decline or dementia: a systematic review of cohort studies. The journal of nutrition, health & aging. 2012;16(7):626-30.
  • 47.Devore EE, Grodstein F, van Rooij FJ, Hofman A, Rosner B, Stampfer MJ, et al. Dietary intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids in relation to long-term dementia risk. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2009;90(1):170-6.
  • 48.Chang Y-K, Labban JD, Gapin JI, Etnier JL. The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research. 2012;1453:87-101.
  • 49.Biddle SJ, Mutrie N, Gorely T, Faulkner G. Psychology of physical activity: Determinants, well-being and interventions: Routledge; 2021.
  • 50.Faieta JM, Devos H, Vaduvathiriyan P, York MK, Erickson KI, Hirsch MA, et al. Exercise interventions for older adults with Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Systematic Reviews. 2021;10(1):1-8.
Toplam 50 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Klinik Tıp Bilimleri
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Dursun Alper Yılmaz 0000-0001-8096-5504

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 13 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Yılmaz DA. Sedanter davranış ve bilişsel fonksiyon. Maltepe tıp derg. 2021;13(2):74-81.