Derleme
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Bipolar Bozuklukta Uyku

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 255 - 265, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238187

Öz

Bipolar bozuklukta hastalığın kendisiyle, kullanılan ilaçlarla, ek tıbbi durumlarla ilişkili olarak ortaya çıkan ya da birincil olarak görülen uyku bozuklukları, yineleme ve depreşmelere yol açmakta, artmış tedavi direnci ile ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bipolar bozuklukta uyku kalitesi ötimik dönemler de dahil hastalığın her döneminde etkilenmiştir. Bipolar bozuklukta yapılan uyku çalışmalarında, diğer ruhsal bozukluklarda olduğu gibi özgül bir bulgu saptanmamıştır. Bipolar hastalarda uyku bozuklukları kötü hastalık gidişi, azalmış işlevsellik ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir


Kaynakça

  • Aggarwal R, Baweja R, Saunders EF, Singareddy R (2013) CPAP-induced mania in bipolar disorder: a case report. Bipolar Disord, 15:803-807.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM 5). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Aşkan Parlakoğlu B, Bilici M, Yenel Özbay S (2013) Psikotrop ilaçların uyku üzerine etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics, 6:46-52.
  • Aydın H (2007) Uyku ve Bozuklukları. Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Aydın H, Özgen F (2001) Uyku, yapısı ve işlevi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 2:79-85.
  • Baskaran A, Summers D, Willing SL, Jokic R, Milev R (2013) Sleep architecture in ziprasidone-treated bipolar depression: a pilot study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol, 3:139-149.
  • Bastiampillai T, Khor LJ, Dhillon R (2011) Complicated management of mania in the setting of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea. J ECT, 27:15-16.
  • Bauer M, Pfennig A (2005) Epidemiology of bipolar disorders. Epilepsia, 46:8-13.
  • Beauchemin KM, Hays P (1995) Prevailing mood, mood changes and dreams in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord, 35:41-49.
  • Bellivier F, Geoffroy PA, Etain B, Scott J (2015) Sleep- and circadian rhythm-associated pathways as therapeutic targets in bipolar disorder. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 19:747-763.
  • Billiard M (1987) Lithium carbonate: effects on sleep patterns of normal and depressed subjects and its use in sleep-wake pathology. Pharmacopsychiatry, 20:195-196.
  • Brill S, Penagaluri P, Roberts RJ, Gao Y, El-Mallakh RS (2011) Sleep disturbances in euthymic bipolar patients. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 23:113-116.
  • Brissos S, Dias VV, Kapczinski F (2008) Cognitive performance and quality of life in bipolar disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 53:517-524.
  • Cuellar AK, Johnson SL, Winters R (2005) Distinctions between bipolar and unipolar depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 25:307-339.
  • Duncan WC, Pettigrew KD, Gillin JC (1979) REM architecture changes in bipolar and unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry, 136:1424-1427.
  • Feinberg M, Gillin JC, Carroll BJ, Greden JF, Zis AP (1982) EEG studies of sleep in the diagnosis of depression. Biol Psychiatry, 17:305-316.
  • Fleming JA, Fleetham JA, Taylor DR, Remick RA (1985) A case report of obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with bipolar affective disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 30:437-439.
  • Fossion P, Staner L, Dramaix M, Kempenaers C, Kerkhofs M, Hubain P et al (1998) Does sleep EEG data distinguish between UP, BPI or BPII major depressions? an age and gender controlled study. J Affect Disord, 49:181-187.
  • Fulton MK, Armitage R, Rush AJ (2000) Sleep electroencephalographic coherence abnormalities in individuals at high risk for depression: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry, 47:618-625.
  • Giglio LM, Andreazza AC, Andersen M, Ceresér KM, Walz JC, Sterz L et al (2009) Sleep in bipolar patients. Sleep Breath, 13:169- 173.
  • Goetz RR, Puig-Antich J, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Asnis GM, Rabinovich H et al (1991) EEG sleep of young adults with major depression: a controlled study. J Affect Disord, 22:91-100.
  • Harvey AG, Talbot LS, Gershon A (2009) Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder across the lifespan. Clin Psychol, 16:256-277.
  • Harvey AG, Soehner AM, Kaplan KA, Hein K, Lee J, Kanady J et al (2015) Treating insomnia improves mood state, sleep, and functioning in bipolar disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 83:564-577.
  • Hoffmann G, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, Desmedt D, Mendlewicz J (1985) Effects of ECT on sleep and CSF biogenic amines in affective illness. Psychiatry Res, 16:199-206.
  • Hubain P, Van Veeren C, Staner L, Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P (1996) Neuroendocrine and sleep variables in major depressed inpatients: role of severity. Psychiatry Res, 63:83-92.
  • Hudson JI, Lipinski JF, Frankenburg FR, Grochocinski VJ, Kupfer DJ (1988) Electroencephalographic sleep in mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45:267-273.
  • Hudson JI, Lipinski JF, Keck PE, Aizley HG, Lukas SE, Rothschild AJ et al (1992) Polysomnographic characteristics of young manic patients. Comparison with unipolar depressed patients and normal control subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49:378-383.
  • Işık E, Işık U (2013). Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkin ve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. Ankara, Rotatıp Kitapevi.
  • Jackson A, Cavanagh J, Scott J (2003) A systematic review of manic and depressive prodromes. J Affect Disord, 74:209–217.
  • Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ, Grebb JA (1994) Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychiatry Seventh Edition. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
  • Kaplan KA, McGlinchey EL, Soehner A, Gershon A, Talbot LS, Eidelman P et al (2015) Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder. Psychol Med, 45:1751-1763.
  • Knowles JB, Cairns J, MacLean AW, Delva N, Prowse A, Waldron J et al (1986) The sleep of remitted bipolar depressives: comparison with sex and age-matched controls. Can J Psychiatry, 31:295-298.
  • Latalova K, Prasko J, Kamaradova D, Grambal A, Havlikova P, Jelenova D et al (2013) Bipolar disorder and sleep problems. Act Nerv Super Rediviva, 55:173–183.
  • Lauer CJ, Wiegand M, Krieg JC (1992) All-night electroencephalographic sleep and cranial computed tomography in depression. a study of unipolar and bipolar patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 242:59-68.
  • Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Holsboer F, Krieg JC (1995) In quest of identifying vulnerability markers for psychiatric disorders by all- night polysomnography. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52:145-153.
  • Legros B, Bazil CW (2003) Effects of antiepileptic drugs on sleep architecture: a pilot study. Sleep Med, 4:51-55.
  • Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, Rielaert C, Mendlewicz J (1986) Sleep during mania in manic-depressive males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 235:339-341.
  • Mayers AG, Baldwin DS (2005) Antidepressants and their effect on sleep. Hum Psychopharmacol, 20:533-559.
  • Miller DD (2004) Atypical antipsychotics: sleep, sedation, and efficacy. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 6:3–7.
  • Monti JM, Monti D (2004) Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Sleep Med Rev, 8:133-148.
  • Nofzinger EA, Thase ME, Reynolds CF 3rd, Himmelhoch JM, Mallinger A, Houck P et al (1991) Hypersomnia in bipolar depression: a comparison with narcolepsy using the multiple sleep latency test. Am J Psychiatry, 148:1177-1181.
  • Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, Priest RG (1999) Night terrors, sleepwalking, and confusional arousals in the general population: their frequency and relationship to other sleep and mental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry, 60:268-276.
  • Ohayon MM, Zulley J, Guilleminault C, Smirne S (1999) Prevalence and pathologic associations of sleep paralysis in the general population. Neurology, 52:1194-1200.
  • Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, Smirne S (2000) The place of confusional arousals in sleep and mental disorders: findings in a general population sample of 13,057 subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis, 188:340-348.
  • Plante DT, Winkelman JW (2008) Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder: therapeutic implications. Am J Psychiatry, 165:830-843.
  • Rao U, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Williamson DE, Rao R, Kaufman J (2002) Heterogeneity in EEG sleep findings in adolescent depression: unipolar versus bipolar clinical course. J Affect Disord, 70:273-280.
  • Riemann D, Voderholzer U, Berger M (2002) Sleep and sleep-wake manipulations in bipolar depression. Neuropsychobiology, 45:7-12.
  • Riemann D, Schnitzler M, Hohagen F, Berger M (1994) Depression and sleep--the status of current research. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 62:458-478.
  • Riemann D, Gann H, Hohagen F, Bahro M, Müller WE, Berger M (1993) The effect of carbamazepine on endocrine and sleep EEG variables in a patient with 48-hour rapid cycling, and healthy controls. Neuropsychobiology, 27:163-170.
  • Ritter PS, Marx C, Lewtschenko N, Pfeiffer S, Leopold K, Bauer M et al (2012) The characteristics of sleep in patients with manifest bipolar disorder, subjects at high risk of developing the disease and healthy controls. J Neural Transm, 119:1173-1184.
  • Ritter PS, Höfler M, Wittchen HU, Lieb R, Bauer M, Pfennig A et al (2015) Disturbed sleep as risk factor for the subsequent onset of bipolar disorder--Data from a 10-year prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults. J Psychiatr Res, 68:76-82.
  • Robillard R, Naismith SL, Rogers NL, Ip TK, Hermens DF, Scott EM et al (2013) Delayed sleep phase in young people with unipolar or bipolar affective disorders. J Affect Disord, 145:260-263.
  • Rosa AR, Comes M, Torrent C, Solè B, Reinares M, Pachiarotti I et al (2013) Biological rhythm disturbance in remitted bipolar patients. Int J Bipolar Disord, 13:1-6.
  • Salvatore P, Ghidini S, Zita G, De Panfilis C, Lambertino S, Maggini C et al (2008) Circadian activity rhythm abnormalities in ill and recovered bipolar I disorder patients. Bipolar Disord, 10:256-265.
  • Saunders EF, Novick DM, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Kamali M, Ryan KA, Langenecker SA et al (2013) Sleep quality during euthymia in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical features, personality traits, and stressful life events. Int J Bipolar Disord, 13;1:16.
  • Stefos G, Staner L, Kerkhofs M, Hubain P, Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P (1998) Shortened REM latency as a psychobiological marker for psychotic depression? An age-, gender-, and polarity-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry, 44:1314-1320.
  • Thase ME, Himmelhoch JM, Mallinger AG, Jarrett DB, Kupfer DJ (1989) Sleep EEG and DST findings in anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry, 146:329-333.
  • Thase ME, Buysse DJ, Frank E, Cherry CR, Cornes CL, Mallinger AG et al (1997) Which depressed patients will respond to interpersonal psychotherapy? The role of abnormal EEG sleep profiles. Am J Psychiatry, 154:502-509.
  • Yazla E, Bilici M (2013) Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromlu hastalarda psikiyatrik bulgular, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 6:19-24.
  • Yüksel N (2010). Temel Psikofarmakoloji. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
  • Necla Keskin, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana; Lut Tamam, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.

Sleep in Bipolar Disorder

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 255 - 265, 30.09.2016
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.238187

Öz

Sleep disorders can be seen in bipolar disorder primarily or due to bipolar disorder itself, medications used in treatment, comorbid medical illnesses. They cause relapses and recurrences and also are related with treatment resistance. Sleep quality is affected in bipolar disorder even in euthymic episodes. There are no specific findings in sleep studies in bipolar disorder as in other psychiatric disorders. Sleep disorders is associated with poor prognosis, decreased functionality and life quality in bipolar patients.


Kaynakça

  • Aggarwal R, Baweja R, Saunders EF, Singareddy R (2013) CPAP-induced mania in bipolar disorder: a case report. Bipolar Disord, 15:803-807.
  • APA (2013) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM 5). Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Association.
  • Aşkan Parlakoğlu B, Bilici M, Yenel Özbay S (2013) Psikotrop ilaçların uyku üzerine etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Psychiatry-Special Topics, 6:46-52.
  • Aydın H (2007) Uyku ve Bozuklukları. Ankara, Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
  • Aydın H, Özgen F (2001) Uyku, yapısı ve işlevi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 2:79-85.
  • Baskaran A, Summers D, Willing SL, Jokic R, Milev R (2013) Sleep architecture in ziprasidone-treated bipolar depression: a pilot study. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol, 3:139-149.
  • Bastiampillai T, Khor LJ, Dhillon R (2011) Complicated management of mania in the setting of undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea. J ECT, 27:15-16.
  • Bauer M, Pfennig A (2005) Epidemiology of bipolar disorders. Epilepsia, 46:8-13.
  • Beauchemin KM, Hays P (1995) Prevailing mood, mood changes and dreams in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord, 35:41-49.
  • Bellivier F, Geoffroy PA, Etain B, Scott J (2015) Sleep- and circadian rhythm-associated pathways as therapeutic targets in bipolar disorder. Expert Opin Ther Targets, 19:747-763.
  • Billiard M (1987) Lithium carbonate: effects on sleep patterns of normal and depressed subjects and its use in sleep-wake pathology. Pharmacopsychiatry, 20:195-196.
  • Brill S, Penagaluri P, Roberts RJ, Gao Y, El-Mallakh RS (2011) Sleep disturbances in euthymic bipolar patients. Ann Clin Psychiatry, 23:113-116.
  • Brissos S, Dias VV, Kapczinski F (2008) Cognitive performance and quality of life in bipolar disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 53:517-524.
  • Cuellar AK, Johnson SL, Winters R (2005) Distinctions between bipolar and unipolar depression. Clin Psychol Rev, 25:307-339.
  • Duncan WC, Pettigrew KD, Gillin JC (1979) REM architecture changes in bipolar and unipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry, 136:1424-1427.
  • Feinberg M, Gillin JC, Carroll BJ, Greden JF, Zis AP (1982) EEG studies of sleep in the diagnosis of depression. Biol Psychiatry, 17:305-316.
  • Fleming JA, Fleetham JA, Taylor DR, Remick RA (1985) A case report of obstructive sleep apnea in a patient with bipolar affective disorder. Can J Psychiatry, 30:437-439.
  • Fossion P, Staner L, Dramaix M, Kempenaers C, Kerkhofs M, Hubain P et al (1998) Does sleep EEG data distinguish between UP, BPI or BPII major depressions? an age and gender controlled study. J Affect Disord, 49:181-187.
  • Fulton MK, Armitage R, Rush AJ (2000) Sleep electroencephalographic coherence abnormalities in individuals at high risk for depression: a pilot study. Biol Psychiatry, 47:618-625.
  • Giglio LM, Andreazza AC, Andersen M, Ceresér KM, Walz JC, Sterz L et al (2009) Sleep in bipolar patients. Sleep Breath, 13:169- 173.
  • Goetz RR, Puig-Antich J, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Asnis GM, Rabinovich H et al (1991) EEG sleep of young adults with major depression: a controlled study. J Affect Disord, 22:91-100.
  • Harvey AG, Talbot LS, Gershon A (2009) Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder across the lifespan. Clin Psychol, 16:256-277.
  • Harvey AG, Soehner AM, Kaplan KA, Hein K, Lee J, Kanady J et al (2015) Treating insomnia improves mood state, sleep, and functioning in bipolar disorder: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol, 83:564-577.
  • Hoffmann G, Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, Desmedt D, Mendlewicz J (1985) Effects of ECT on sleep and CSF biogenic amines in affective illness. Psychiatry Res, 16:199-206.
  • Hubain P, Van Veeren C, Staner L, Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P (1996) Neuroendocrine and sleep variables in major depressed inpatients: role of severity. Psychiatry Res, 63:83-92.
  • Hudson JI, Lipinski JF, Frankenburg FR, Grochocinski VJ, Kupfer DJ (1988) Electroencephalographic sleep in mania. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 45:267-273.
  • Hudson JI, Lipinski JF, Keck PE, Aizley HG, Lukas SE, Rothschild AJ et al (1992) Polysomnographic characteristics of young manic patients. Comparison with unipolar depressed patients and normal control subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 49:378-383.
  • Işık E, Işık U (2013). Çocuk, Ergen, Erişkin ve Yaşlılarda Depresif ve Bipolar Bozukluklar. Ankara, Rotatıp Kitapevi.
  • Jackson A, Cavanagh J, Scott J (2003) A systematic review of manic and depressive prodromes. J Affect Disord, 74:209–217.
  • Kaplan HI, Sadock BJ, Grebb JA (1994) Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences, Clinical Psychiatry Seventh Edition. Baltimore, Lippincott Williams Wilkins.
  • Kaplan KA, McGlinchey EL, Soehner A, Gershon A, Talbot LS, Eidelman P et al (2015) Hypersomnia subtypes, sleep and relapse in bipolar disorder. Psychol Med, 45:1751-1763.
  • Knowles JB, Cairns J, MacLean AW, Delva N, Prowse A, Waldron J et al (1986) The sleep of remitted bipolar depressives: comparison with sex and age-matched controls. Can J Psychiatry, 31:295-298.
  • Latalova K, Prasko J, Kamaradova D, Grambal A, Havlikova P, Jelenova D et al (2013) Bipolar disorder and sleep problems. Act Nerv Super Rediviva, 55:173–183.
  • Lauer CJ, Wiegand M, Krieg JC (1992) All-night electroencephalographic sleep and cranial computed tomography in depression. a study of unipolar and bipolar patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci, 242:59-68.
  • Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Holsboer F, Krieg JC (1995) In quest of identifying vulnerability markers for psychiatric disorders by all- night polysomnography. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 52:145-153.
  • Legros B, Bazil CW (2003) Effects of antiepileptic drugs on sleep architecture: a pilot study. Sleep Med, 4:51-55.
  • Linkowski P, Kerkhofs M, Rielaert C, Mendlewicz J (1986) Sleep during mania in manic-depressive males. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci, 235:339-341.
  • Mayers AG, Baldwin DS (2005) Antidepressants and their effect on sleep. Hum Psychopharmacol, 20:533-559.
  • Miller DD (2004) Atypical antipsychotics: sleep, sedation, and efficacy. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry, 6:3–7.
  • Monti JM, Monti D (2004) Sleep in schizophrenia patients and the effects of antipsychotic drugs. Sleep Med Rev, 8:133-148.
  • Nofzinger EA, Thase ME, Reynolds CF 3rd, Himmelhoch JM, Mallinger A, Houck P et al (1991) Hypersomnia in bipolar depression: a comparison with narcolepsy using the multiple sleep latency test. Am J Psychiatry, 148:1177-1181.
  • Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C, Priest RG (1999) Night terrors, sleepwalking, and confusional arousals in the general population: their frequency and relationship to other sleep and mental disorders. J Clin Psychiatry, 60:268-276.
  • Ohayon MM, Zulley J, Guilleminault C, Smirne S (1999) Prevalence and pathologic associations of sleep paralysis in the general population. Neurology, 52:1194-1200.
  • Ohayon MM, Priest RG, Zulley J, Smirne S (2000) The place of confusional arousals in sleep and mental disorders: findings in a general population sample of 13,057 subjects. J Nerv Ment Dis, 188:340-348.
  • Plante DT, Winkelman JW (2008) Sleep disturbance in bipolar disorder: therapeutic implications. Am J Psychiatry, 165:830-843.
  • Rao U, Dahl RE, Ryan ND, Birmaher B, Williamson DE, Rao R, Kaufman J (2002) Heterogeneity in EEG sleep findings in adolescent depression: unipolar versus bipolar clinical course. J Affect Disord, 70:273-280.
  • Riemann D, Voderholzer U, Berger M (2002) Sleep and sleep-wake manipulations in bipolar depression. Neuropsychobiology, 45:7-12.
  • Riemann D, Schnitzler M, Hohagen F, Berger M (1994) Depression and sleep--the status of current research. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr, 62:458-478.
  • Riemann D, Gann H, Hohagen F, Bahro M, Müller WE, Berger M (1993) The effect of carbamazepine on endocrine and sleep EEG variables in a patient with 48-hour rapid cycling, and healthy controls. Neuropsychobiology, 27:163-170.
  • Ritter PS, Marx C, Lewtschenko N, Pfeiffer S, Leopold K, Bauer M et al (2012) The characteristics of sleep in patients with manifest bipolar disorder, subjects at high risk of developing the disease and healthy controls. J Neural Transm, 119:1173-1184.
  • Ritter PS, Höfler M, Wittchen HU, Lieb R, Bauer M, Pfennig A et al (2015) Disturbed sleep as risk factor for the subsequent onset of bipolar disorder--Data from a 10-year prospective-longitudinal study among adolescents and young adults. J Psychiatr Res, 68:76-82.
  • Robillard R, Naismith SL, Rogers NL, Ip TK, Hermens DF, Scott EM et al (2013) Delayed sleep phase in young people with unipolar or bipolar affective disorders. J Affect Disord, 145:260-263.
  • Rosa AR, Comes M, Torrent C, Solè B, Reinares M, Pachiarotti I et al (2013) Biological rhythm disturbance in remitted bipolar patients. Int J Bipolar Disord, 13:1-6.
  • Salvatore P, Ghidini S, Zita G, De Panfilis C, Lambertino S, Maggini C et al (2008) Circadian activity rhythm abnormalities in ill and recovered bipolar I disorder patients. Bipolar Disord, 10:256-265.
  • Saunders EF, Novick DM, Fernandez-Mendoza J, Kamali M, Ryan KA, Langenecker SA et al (2013) Sleep quality during euthymia in bipolar disorder: the role of clinical features, personality traits, and stressful life events. Int J Bipolar Disord, 13;1:16.
  • Stefos G, Staner L, Kerkhofs M, Hubain P, Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P (1998) Shortened REM latency as a psychobiological marker for psychotic depression? An age-, gender-, and polarity-controlled study. Biol Psychiatry, 44:1314-1320.
  • Thase ME, Himmelhoch JM, Mallinger AG, Jarrett DB, Kupfer DJ (1989) Sleep EEG and DST findings in anergic bipolar depression. Am J Psychiatry, 146:329-333.
  • Thase ME, Buysse DJ, Frank E, Cherry CR, Cornes CL, Mallinger AG et al (1997) Which depressed patients will respond to interpersonal psychotherapy? The role of abnormal EEG sleep profiles. Am J Psychiatry, 154:502-509.
  • Yazla E, Bilici M (2013) Obstrüktif uyku apne sendromlu hastalarda psikiyatrik bulgular, Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry, 6:19-24.
  • Yüksel N (2010). Temel Psikofarmakoloji. Ankara, Türkiye Psikiyatri Derneği.
  • Necla Keskin, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana; Lut Tamam, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Necla Keskin

Lut Tamam

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2016
Kabul Tarihi 28 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Keskin N, Tamam L. Bipolar Bozuklukta Uyku. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. Eylül 2016;8(3):255-265. doi:10.18863/pgy.238187

Creative Commons Lisansı
Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar Creative Commons Atıf-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.