The Relationship Between ABO-Rh Blood Types and Disease Severity in Children with COVID-19 Infection
Öz
Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate correlation between ABO, Rhesus (Rh) blood type and the disease severity status, pneumonia status in children with COVID-19.
Material and Methods: This is a multicenter study of all children <18 years with COVID-19 infection were retrospectively examined from their electronic medical files. Patients were divided into three categories as asymptomatic, mild illness and radiogically proven pneumonia. The differences in the ABO and Rh blood group distribution between COVID-19 patients and also the control group were analyzed.
Results: A total of 1026 patients, median age was 12 (1-18) years old from 5 different hospital included in the study. Asymptomatic patients 32% (n=323), mildly symptomatic 59% (n=607), and radiologically proven pneumonia were 9% (n=96) of all cases. A total of 1600 children included as the control group. There was no statistically significant difference between the control blood groups and the COVID-19 patients’ blood group distribution (p=0.062). When the laboratory characteristics were evaluated, it was determined that as the clinical severity of the patients increased; when age (p=0.012), leukocyte count (p=0.013), CRP (p=0.002), ferritin (p=0.0001) and D-dimer (p=0.049) had increased; and the lymphocyte counts had decreased (p=0.027). There were no istatistically significant difference between blood groups (ABO and Rh), just ABO status and clinical severity condition (respectively p=0.126, p=0.630). When clinical and laboratory data were evaluated according to Rh status, no statistically significant difference was found (p>0.05).
Conclusions: In our study with pediatric population, no difference was detected between blood types and/or Rhesus condition and COVID-19 severity.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Mahase E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. BMJ 2020;368:1036.
- 2. Nandy K, Salunke A, Pathak SK, et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of various comorbidities on serious events. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2020;14(5):1017-25.
- 3. Zozani MA, Hassanipour S. Features and Limitations of LitCovid Hub for Quick Access to Literature About COVID-19. Balkan Med J 2020;37:231-2.
- 4. Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 2020;109(6):1088–95.
- 5. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science 2020;367(6483):1260-3.
- 6. Simon AK, Hollander GA, McMichael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Scie 2015;282(1821):20143085.
- 7. Cooling L. Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015;28(3):801–70.
- 8. AbdelMassih AF, Mahrous R, Taha AF, et al. The potential use of ABO blood group system for risk stratification of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020;145:110343.
- 9. Cheng Y, Cheng G, Chui CH, et al. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2005;293(12):1450-1.
- 10. Guillon P, Clément M, Sébille V, et al. Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV Spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology 2008;18(12):1085-93.
- 11. Vasan SK, Rostgaard K, Majeed A, et al. ABO Blood Group and Risk of Thromboembolic and Arterial Disease: A Study of 1.5 Million Blood Donors. Circulation 2016;133(15):1449-57.
- 12. Sun X, Feng J, Wu W, Peng M, Shi J. ABO blood types associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism in Han Chinese people: A hospital-based study of 200,000 patients. Sci Rep 2017;7:42925.
- 13. Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Cai Y, Deng A, Yang M. Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Br J Haematol 2020;190(1):24-7.
- 14. Solmaz İ, Araç S. ABO blood groups in COVID-19 patients; Cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(4):13927.
- 15. Hoiland RL, Fergusson NA, Mitra AR, et al. The association of ABO blood group with indices of disease severity and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19. Blood Adv 2020;4(20):4981-9.
- 16. Göker H, Aladağ-Karakulak E, Demiroğlu H, et al. The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome. Turkish J Med Sci 2020;50(4):679-83.
- 17. Ray JG, Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Park AL. Association between abo and rh blood groups and sars-cov-2 infection or severe covid-19 illness. Annals of Internal Medicine 2021;174(3):308-15.
- 18. Zietz M, Zucker J, Tatonetti NP. Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. Nat Commun 2020;11(1):5761.
- 19. Garratty G, Glynn SA, McEntire R. ABO and Rh(D) phenotype frequencies of different racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Transfusion 2004;44(5):703-6.
- 20. Agrawal A, Tiwari AK, Mehta N, et al. ABO and Rh (D) group distribution and gene frequency; the first multicentric study in India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2014;8(2):121-5.
- 21. Akın G, Dostbil N. Blood Groups Researches in Turkey. J Fac Lang Hist 2005;45(2):1–15.
- 22. Eren C. İstanbul İlinde ABO ve Rh Kan Grupları Dağılımının Analizi. Dicle Tıp Derg 2019;46(2):241-6.
- 23. Zhang JJY, Lee KS, Ang LW, Leo YS, Young BE. Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(16):2199-206.
- 24. Cura Yayla BC, Ozsurekci Y, Aykac K, et al. Characteristics and Management of Children With COVID-19 in Turkey. Balkan Med J 2020;37(6):341–7. 25. Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D, Fateh F, Abolghasemi H. Laboratory findings in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 2020;510:475-82.
Öz
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, COVID-19'lu çocuklarda ABO, Rhesus (Rh) kan grubu ile hastalık şiddet durumu, pnömoni durumu arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.
Materyal ve Metot: Bu, COVID-19 enfeksiyonu olan 18 yaşından küçük tüm çocukların elektronik tıbbi dosyalarından retrospektif olarak incelendiği çok merkezli bir çalışmadır. Hastalar asemptomatik, hafif hastalık ve radyolojik olarak kanıtlanmış pnömoni olarak üç kategoriye ayrıldı. COVID-19 hastaları ve kontrol grubu arasındaki ABO ve Rh kan grubu dağılımındaki farklılıklar analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya 5 farklı hastaneden medyan yaşı 12 (1-18) olan toplam 1026 hasta dahil edildi. Asemptomatik hastalar %32 (n=323), hafif semptomatik %59 (n=607) ve radyolojik olarak kanıtlanmış pnömoni tüm vakaların %9'u (n=96) idi. Kontrol grubu olarak toplam 1600 çocuk dahil edildi. Kontrol kan grupları ile COVID-19 hastalarının kan grubu dağılımı arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,062). Laboratuvar özellikleri değerlendirildiğinde hastaların klinik şiddeti arttıkça; yaş (p=0,012), lökosit sayısı (p=0,013), CRP (p=0,002), ferritin (p=0,0001) ve D-dimer (p=0,049) arttı; ve lenfosit sayıları azaldı (p=0,027). Klinik şiddet durumu ile kan grupları (ABO ve Rh) ve sadece ABO durumu arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark yoktu (sırasıyla p=0.126, p=0.630). Klinik ve laboratuvar verileri Rh durumuna göre değerlendirildiğinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p>0,05).
Sonuç: Pediatrik popülasyon ile yaptığımız çalışmamızda kan grupları ve/veya Rhesus durumu ile COVID-19 şiddeti arasında fark saptanmadı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Mahase E. Covid-19: WHO declares pandemic because of “alarming levels” of spread, severity, and inaction. BMJ 2020;368:1036.
- 2. Nandy K, Salunke A, Pathak SK, et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the impact of various comorbidities on serious events. Diabetes Metab Syndr Clin Res Rev 2020;14(5):1017-25.
- 3. Zozani MA, Hassanipour S. Features and Limitations of LitCovid Hub for Quick Access to Literature About COVID-19. Balkan Med J 2020;37:231-2.
- 4. Ludvigsson JF. Systematic review of COVID-19 in children shows milder cases and a better prognosis than adults. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 2020;109(6):1088–95.
- 5. Wrapp D, Wang N, Corbett KS, et al. Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation. Science 2020;367(6483):1260-3.
- 6. Simon AK, Hollander GA, McMichael A. Evolution of the immune system in humans from infancy to old age. Proc Biol Scie 2015;282(1821):20143085.
- 7. Cooling L. Blood Groups in Infection and Host Susceptibility. Clin Microbiol Rev 2015;28(3):801–70.
- 8. AbdelMassih AF, Mahrous R, Taha AF, et al. The potential use of ABO blood group system for risk stratification of COVID-19. Med Hypotheses 2020;145:110343.
- 9. Cheng Y, Cheng G, Chui CH, et al. ABO blood group and susceptibility to severe acute respiratory syndrome. JAMA 2005;293(12):1450-1.
- 10. Guillon P, Clément M, Sébille V, et al. Inhibition of the interaction between the SARS-CoV Spike protein and its cellular receptor by anti-histo-blood group antibodies. Glycobiology 2008;18(12):1085-93.
- 11. Vasan SK, Rostgaard K, Majeed A, et al. ABO Blood Group and Risk of Thromboembolic and Arterial Disease: A Study of 1.5 Million Blood Donors. Circulation 2016;133(15):1449-57.
- 12. Sun X, Feng J, Wu W, Peng M, Shi J. ABO blood types associated with the risk of venous thromboembolism in Han Chinese people: A hospital-based study of 200,000 patients. Sci Rep 2017;7:42925.
- 13. Li J, Wang X, Chen J, Cai Y, Deng A, Yang M. Association between ABO blood groups and risk of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Br J Haematol 2020;190(1):24-7.
- 14. Solmaz İ, Araç S. ABO blood groups in COVID-19 patients; Cross-sectional study. Int J Clin Pract 2021;75(4):13927.
- 15. Hoiland RL, Fergusson NA, Mitra AR, et al. The association of ABO blood group with indices of disease severity and multiorgan dysfunction in COVID-19. Blood Adv 2020;4(20):4981-9.
- 16. Göker H, Aladağ-Karakulak E, Demiroğlu H, et al. The effects of blood group types on the risk of COVID-19 infection and its clinical outcome. Turkish J Med Sci 2020;50(4):679-83.
- 17. Ray JG, Schull MJ, Vermeulen MJ, Park AL. Association between abo and rh blood groups and sars-cov-2 infection or severe covid-19 illness. Annals of Internal Medicine 2021;174(3):308-15.
- 18. Zietz M, Zucker J, Tatonetti NP. Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. Nat Commun 2020;11(1):5761.
- 19. Garratty G, Glynn SA, McEntire R. ABO and Rh(D) phenotype frequencies of different racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Transfusion 2004;44(5):703-6.
- 20. Agrawal A, Tiwari AK, Mehta N, et al. ABO and Rh (D) group distribution and gene frequency; the first multicentric study in India. Asian J Transfus Sci 2014;8(2):121-5.
- 21. Akın G, Dostbil N. Blood Groups Researches in Turkey. J Fac Lang Hist 2005;45(2):1–15.
- 22. Eren C. İstanbul İlinde ABO ve Rh Kan Grupları Dağılımının Analizi. Dicle Tıp Derg 2019;46(2):241-6.
- 23. Zhang JJY, Lee KS, Ang LW, Leo YS, Young BE. Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Efficacy of Treatment in Patients Infected with COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression Analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71(16):2199-206.
- 24. Cura Yayla BC, Ozsurekci Y, Aykac K, et al. Characteristics and Management of Children With COVID-19 in Turkey. Balkan Med J 2020;37(6):341–7. 25. Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Bashash D, Fateh F, Abolghasemi H. Laboratory findings in COVID-19 diagnosis and prognosis. Clinica Chimica Acta 2020;510:475-82.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Çocuk Bulaşıcı Hastalıkları |
| Bölüm | Orjinal Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 25 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2 |
