Öz
Amaç: Çorum, Kırım Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi gibi kene kaynaklı hastalıklar açısından endemik bir ilimizdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı insanların yerleşim alanları içerisinde yaşayan sokak köpeklerini enfeste eden kene türlerini belirlemektir. Yöntem: Bu amaçla Nisan 2018-Mart 2019 döneminde Çorum Belediyesi’ne bağlı Veteriner İşleri Müdürlüğü bünyesindeki Geçici Hayvan Bakımevi’ne rehabilite edilmek üzere getirilen sokak köpekleri arasından rastgele seçilen 100 köpeğin vücutları kene varlığı açısından taranmış, tespit edilen keneler bir pens yardımıyla çıkarılarak %96’lık etil alkol içeren tüplere alınmış ve tür tayinine kadar +4°C’de muhafaza edilmiştir.Bulgular: Kene taraması yapılan köpeklerin %20 20/100 ’si keneler ile enfesteydi ve keneler Ixodes kaiseri, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus ve Haemaphysalis parva türlerine aitti. Enfeste bireylerdeki ortalama kene yoğunluğu 3.3 , bir köpekteki ortalama kene yoğunluğu ise 0.7 idi. En fazla kene Haziran ve Ağustos aylarında, en az kene ise Nisan ve Mayıs aylarında kaydedildi.Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, köpekler üzerinden toplanan kene sayısı görece düşüktür. Buna göre Veteriner İşleri Müdürlüğü’nün sokak köpeklerini kenelerden korumaya yönelik mücadelesinin başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak İl Veteriner İşleri Müdürlükleri, kenelerin ve kene kaynaklı zoonotik hastalıkların döngüsüne aracılık etme potansiyeli olan sokak köpeklerine uyguladıkları tedavi ve koruyucu veteriner hekimlik hizmeti sayesinde, bu hastalıkların önemli bir halk sağlığı problemine dönüşmesini önleyebilir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Köpek kene Çorum kene kaynaklı hastalık Veteriner İşleri Müdürlüğü
Kaynakça
- Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Breitschwerdt EB. Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: Part one. Trends Parasitol, 2009; 25 (4): 63.
- Maia C, Almeida B, Coimbra M, Fernandes MC, Cristóvão JM, Ramos C et al. Bacterial and protozoal agents of canine vector-borne diseases in the blood of domestic and stray dogs from southern Portugal. Parasit Vectors, 2015; 8:138.
- Chomel B: Tick-borne infections in dogs - An emerging infectious threat. Vet Parasitol, 2011; : 294-301.
- Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: A one health perspective. Trends Parasitol, 2012; 28(10): 437-445.
- Estrada-Peña A, Jongejan F. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Exp Appl Acarol, 1999; 23:685-715.
- Sparagano O, Allsopp M, Mank R, Rijpkema S, Figueroa J, Jongejan F. Molecular detection of pathogen DNA in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): a review. Exp Appl Acarol, 1999; 23: 929-960.
- Apanaskevich D. Towards a diagnostic view of Hyalomma (Hyalomma) aegyptium (Acari, Ixodidae). Parazitologiia, 2003; 37(1): 47-59.
- Estrada-Peña A, Mihalca AD, Petney TN. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A Guide to Species Identification, first ed. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2017.
- Gharbi M, Rjeibi MR, Rouatbi M, Mabrouk M, Mhadhbi, M., Amairia S et al. Infestation of the spur- thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) by Hyalomma aegyptium in Tunisia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2015; : 352-355.
- Vatansever Z, Gargili A, Aysul N, Sengoz G, Estrada- Peña A. Ticks biting humans in the urban area of Istanbul. Parasitol Res, 2008; 102: 551-3.
- Kar S, Yılmazer N, Midilli K, Ergin S, Alp H, Gargili A. Presence of the zoonotic Borrelia burgdorferi sl. and Rickettsia spp. in the ticks from wild tortoises and hedgehogs. Clin Exp Health Sci, 2011; 1(3): 70.
- Karaer Z, Guven E, Nalbantoglu S, Kar S, Orkun O, Ekdal K et al. Ticks on humans in Ankara, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 2011; 54(1): 85-91.
- Gargılı A, Palomar AM, Midilli K, Portillo A, Kar S, Oteo JA. Rickettsia species in ticks removed from humans in Istanbul, Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2012;12 (11) : 938-41.
- Orkun Ö., Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2014; 5(2): 213-8.
- Bursalı A, Keskin A, Keskin A, Kul Köprülü T, Tekin Ş. Investigation of the Presence of Rickettsiae in Ticks Parasitizing Humans in Corum Region. Turk Bulletin of Hyg Exp Bio, 2017; 74(4): 293-8.
- Keskin A, Keskin A, Bursalı A, Tekin Ş. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing humans in Corum and Yozgat provinces, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 2015; 67: 607
- Karasartova D, Gureser AS, Gokce T, Celebi B, Yapar D, Keskin A et al. Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2018; 12(4): e0006395.
- Bursalı A, Keskin A, Tekin Ş. A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Exp Appl Acarol, ; 57(1): 91-104. Vatansever Z, Uzun R, Estrada-Peña A, Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Turkey. In: Ergonul O, Whitehouse CA (eds) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a global perspective. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 59–74, 2007
- Tekin S, Bursalı A, Mutluay N, Keskin A, Dundar E. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in various ixodid tick species from a highly endemic area. Vet Parasitol, 2012; 186:546–52.
- Erenler AK, Kulaksiz F, Ülger H, Erdem M, Koçak C, Söylemez, et al. Characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency department due to tick bite. Trop Doct, 2014; 44: 86-8.
- Orkun Ö, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S. Identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on humans in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, ; 8(8): e3067.
- Akveran GA, Karasartova D, Keskin A, Comba A, Celebi B, Mumcuoğlu KY, Taylan-Ozkan A. Bacterial and protozoan agents found in Hyalomma aegyptium(L., 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) collected from Testudo graeca L., 1758 (Reptilia:Testudines) in Corum Province of Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, ; 11(5): 101458.
- Li HY, Zhao SS, Hornok S, Farkas R, Guo LP, Chen CF et al. Morphological and molecular divergence of Rhipicephalus turanicus tick from Albania and China. Exp Appl Acarol, 2017; 73(3-4): 493-9.
- Germanakis A, Chochlakis D, Angelakis E, Tselentis Y, Psaroulaki A. Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection in a man, Greece. Emerg Infect Dis, 2013; 19(7): 7.
- Giannelli A, Lia RP, Annoscia G, Buonavoglia C, Lorusso E, Dantas-Torres F et al. Rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of Hepatozoon canis. Parasitology, 2017; 144: 730-7.
- Apanaskevich D. Host-parasite relationships of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) and their connection with microevolutionary process. Parazitologiia, 2004; 38(6): 515-23
- Bursalı A, Tekin Ş, Orhan M, Keskin A, Ozkan M. Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting humans in Tokat Province of Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. J Vector Ecol, 2010; 35: 180-6.
- Latrofa MS, Angelou A, Giannelli A, Annoscia G, Ravagnan S, Dantas-Torres F et al. Ticks and associated pathogens in dogs from Greece. Parasit Vectors, 2017; 10: 301.
- Aktaş M, Ozubek S, Ipek DN. Molecular investigation of Hepatozoon speciesin dogs and developmental stages in Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasitol Res, ; 112(6): 2381-5.
- Orkun Ö, Koç N, Sürsal N, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S, Karaer Z. Molecular characterization of tick-borne blood protozoa in stray dogs from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey with a High-Rate Hepatozoon infection. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak, 2018; 24(2):227-32.
- Güven E, Avcıoglu H, Cengiz S, Hayırlı A. Vector- borne pathogens in stray dogs in Northeastern Turkey, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2017; (8): 610-7.
- Orkun Ö, Karaer Z. First record of the tick Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri in Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, ; 74(3): 201-5. Uluç B. Tekirdağ’da köpeklerde kene enfestasyonu karakteristiğinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018.
- Çetinkaya H, Matur E, Akyazı I, Ekiz EE, Aydin L, Toparlak M. Serological and molecular investigation of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in ticks and blood of dogs, in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Ticks Tick-borne Dis, 2016; 7: 706-14.
- Özübek S, İpek DNS, Aktaş M. A molecular survey of rickettsias in shelter dogs and distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) sensu lato in Southeast Turkey. J Med Entomol, 2018; (2): 459-63.
Öz
Objective: The Province of Çorum is an endemic area for tick-borne diseases such as the Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever. The aim of this study was to identify the tick species infesting stray dogs found in the surrounding of human habitations.Methods: Hundred stray dogs kept in the Animal Nursing Home of the Veterinary Service of the province were randomly selected during the period of April 2018 and March 2019. Ticks were removed with the help of forceps and placed in 96% ethyl alcohol and stored at +4°C until they were taxonomically identified.Results: The following tick species were found: Ixodes kaiseri, Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Rhipicephalus turanicus and Haemaphysalis parva. The infestation prevalence was 20%, the infestation density 3.3 and the abundance was 0.7. The highest numbers of tick were recorded in June and August, while the lowest in April and May.Conclusion: The number of ticks collected from dogs in this study was relatively low, showing that the efforts of the Veterinary Services to control ticks Müdürlüğü’nün sokak köpeklerini kenelerden korumaya yönelik mücadelesinin başarılı olduğu söylenebilir. Sonuç olarak İl Veteriner İşleri Müdürlükleri, kenelerin ve kene kaynaklı zoonotik hastalıkların döngüsüne aracılık etme potansiyeli olan sokak köpeklerine uyguladıkları tedavi ve koruyucu veteriner hekimlik hizmeti sayesinde, bu hastalıkların önemli bir halk sağlığı problemine dönüşmesini önleyebilir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Otranto D, Dantas-Torres F, Breitschwerdt EB. Managing canine vector-borne diseases of zoonotic concern: Part one. Trends Parasitol, 2009; 25 (4): 63.
- Maia C, Almeida B, Coimbra M, Fernandes MC, Cristóvão JM, Ramos C et al. Bacterial and protozoal agents of canine vector-borne diseases in the blood of domestic and stray dogs from southern Portugal. Parasit Vectors, 2015; 8:138.
- Chomel B: Tick-borne infections in dogs - An emerging infectious threat. Vet Parasitol, 2011; : 294-301.
- Dantas-Torres F, Chomel BB, Otranto D. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: A one health perspective. Trends Parasitol, 2012; 28(10): 437-445.
- Estrada-Peña A, Jongejan F. Ticks feeding on humans: a review of records on human-biting Ixodoidea with special reference to pathogen transmission. Exp Appl Acarol, 1999; 23:685-715.
- Sparagano O, Allsopp M, Mank R, Rijpkema S, Figueroa J, Jongejan F. Molecular detection of pathogen DNA in ticks (Acari: Ixodidae): a review. Exp Appl Acarol, 1999; 23: 929-960.
- Apanaskevich D. Towards a diagnostic view of Hyalomma (Hyalomma) aegyptium (Acari, Ixodidae). Parazitologiia, 2003; 37(1): 47-59.
- Estrada-Peña A, Mihalca AD, Petney TN. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A Guide to Species Identification, first ed. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany, 2017.
- Gharbi M, Rjeibi MR, Rouatbi M, Mabrouk M, Mhadhbi, M., Amairia S et al. Infestation of the spur- thighed tortoise (Testudo graeca) by Hyalomma aegyptium in Tunisia. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2015; : 352-355.
- Vatansever Z, Gargili A, Aysul N, Sengoz G, Estrada- Peña A. Ticks biting humans in the urban area of Istanbul. Parasitol Res, 2008; 102: 551-3.
- Kar S, Yılmazer N, Midilli K, Ergin S, Alp H, Gargili A. Presence of the zoonotic Borrelia burgdorferi sl. and Rickettsia spp. in the ticks from wild tortoises and hedgehogs. Clin Exp Health Sci, 2011; 1(3): 70.
- Karaer Z, Guven E, Nalbantoglu S, Kar S, Orkun O, Ekdal K et al. Ticks on humans in Ankara, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 2011; 54(1): 85-91.
- Gargılı A, Palomar AM, Midilli K, Portillo A, Kar S, Oteo JA. Rickettsia species in ticks removed from humans in Istanbul, Turkey. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis, 2012;12 (11) : 938-41.
- Orkun Ö., Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, 2014; 5(2): 213-8.
- Bursalı A, Keskin A, Keskin A, Kul Köprülü T, Tekin Ş. Investigation of the Presence of Rickettsiae in Ticks Parasitizing Humans in Corum Region. Turk Bulletin of Hyg Exp Bio, 2017; 74(4): 293-8.
- Keskin A, Keskin A, Bursalı A, Tekin Ş. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing humans in Corum and Yozgat provinces, Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, 2015; 67: 607
- Karasartova D, Gureser AS, Gokce T, Celebi B, Yapar D, Keskin A et al. Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, 2018; 12(4): e0006395.
- Bursalı A, Keskin A, Tekin Ş. A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Exp Appl Acarol, ; 57(1): 91-104. Vatansever Z, Uzun R, Estrada-Peña A, Ergonul O. Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever in Turkey. In: Ergonul O, Whitehouse CA (eds) Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever: a global perspective. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 59–74, 2007
- Tekin S, Bursalı A, Mutluay N, Keskin A, Dundar E. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in various ixodid tick species from a highly endemic area. Vet Parasitol, 2012; 186:546–52.
- Erenler AK, Kulaksiz F, Ülger H, Erdem M, Koçak C, Söylemez, et al. Characteristics of patients admitted to the emergency department due to tick bite. Trop Doct, 2014; 44: 86-8.
- Orkun Ö, Karaer Z, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S. Identification of tick-borne pathogens in ticks feeding on humans in Turkey. PLoS Negl Trop Dis, ; 8(8): e3067.
- Akveran GA, Karasartova D, Keskin A, Comba A, Celebi B, Mumcuoğlu KY, Taylan-Ozkan A. Bacterial and protozoan agents found in Hyalomma aegyptium(L., 1758) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) collected from Testudo graeca L., 1758 (Reptilia:Testudines) in Corum Province of Turkey. Ticks Tick Borne Dis, ; 11(5): 101458.
- Li HY, Zhao SS, Hornok S, Farkas R, Guo LP, Chen CF et al. Morphological and molecular divergence of Rhipicephalus turanicus tick from Albania and China. Exp Appl Acarol, 2017; 73(3-4): 493-9.
- Germanakis A, Chochlakis D, Angelakis E, Tselentis Y, Psaroulaki A. Rickettsia aeschlimannii infection in a man, Greece. Emerg Infect Dis, 2013; 19(7): 7.
- Giannelli A, Lia RP, Annoscia G, Buonavoglia C, Lorusso E, Dantas-Torres F et al. Rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of Hepatozoon canis. Parasitology, 2017; 144: 730-7.
- Apanaskevich D. Host-parasite relationships of the genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844 (Acari, Ixodidae) and their connection with microevolutionary process. Parazitologiia, 2004; 38(6): 515-23
- Bursalı A, Tekin Ş, Orhan M, Keskin A, Ozkan M. Ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting humans in Tokat Province of Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. J Vector Ecol, 2010; 35: 180-6.
- Latrofa MS, Angelou A, Giannelli A, Annoscia G, Ravagnan S, Dantas-Torres F et al. Ticks and associated pathogens in dogs from Greece. Parasit Vectors, 2017; 10: 301.
- Aktaş M, Ozubek S, Ipek DN. Molecular investigation of Hepatozoon speciesin dogs and developmental stages in Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasitol Res, ; 112(6): 2381-5.
- Orkun Ö, Koç N, Sürsal N, Çakmak A, Nalbantoğlu S, Karaer Z. Molecular characterization of tick-borne blood protozoa in stray dogs from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey with a High-Rate Hepatozoon infection. Kafkas Üniv Vet Fak, 2018; 24(2):227-32.
- Güven E, Avcıoglu H, Cengiz S, Hayırlı A. Vector- borne pathogens in stray dogs in Northeastern Turkey, Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, 2017; (8): 610-7.
- Orkun Ö, Karaer Z. First record of the tick Ixodes (Pholeoixodes) kaiseri in Turkey. Exp Appl Acarol, ; 74(3): 201-5. Uluç B. Tekirdağ’da köpeklerde kene enfestasyonu karakteristiğinin belirlenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2018.
- Çetinkaya H, Matur E, Akyazı I, Ekiz EE, Aydin L, Toparlak M. Serological and molecular investigation of Ehrlichia spp. and Anaplasma spp. in ticks and blood of dogs, in the Thrace Region of Turkey. Ticks Tick-borne Dis, 2016; 7: 706-14.
- Özübek S, İpek DNS, Aktaş M. A molecular survey of rickettsias in shelter dogs and distribution of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Acari: Ixodidae) sensu lato in Southeast Turkey. J Med Entomol, 2018; (2): 459-63.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Aralık 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 77 Sayı: 4 |