Abstract
The spine is the column that carries the weight of the head and the torso and contains the medulla spinalis that is a part of the Central Nervous System within the canal inside it. Changes occur in the anatomical structures of the vertebrae in cases of infections involving the vertebrae and fractures and deformities arising from traumatic or non-traumatic causes. The determination of such changes in the vertebrae is critically important in terms of treatment or surgical intervention. Morphometric measurements have an important place in the detection of these changes. Moreover, recently, cervical vertebral measurements have been used in sex identification, the preliminary diagnosis of genetic diseases and age identification. We aimed for the results of our study to support clinical interventions to be made in the cervical vertebrae, forensic medicine applications and anthropological applications as a reference in the literature. In the study, 54 cervical vertebrae in the form of dry bones belonging to the neck region were used as the material. Twenty-three different parameters were measured with a digital caliper at a precision 0.01 mm. In the cervical vertebral measurements of the Turkish population in our study, we observed that the results on corpus vertebrae height and transverse diameter varied based on races, and the measurements of the Turkish population were higher. In addition, low, medium and high positive-negative relationships were determined by performing correlation analysis between the vertebrae. Accordingly, we think that these analyses will be helpful in the preparation of the atlas and the drawing of vertebrae.
Keywords
Supporting Institution
YOK
Project Number
Bireysel araştırma projesidir.
Thanks
Erciyes Üniversitesi Anatomi Anabilim Dalı Hocalarına teşekkur ederiz.
References
- Arıncı K, Elhan, A (2020) Anatomi Cilt I. 7. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi pp 58-60
- Alsaleh K, Essbaiheen F, Aldosari K, Alsubei B, Alabdulkareeem M. (2021) Morphometric Analysis of Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicles in a Middle Eastern Population. Int J Spine Surg 15: 413-417
- Banerjee PS, Roychoudhury A, Karmakar SK (2013) Morphological and Kinematic Aspects of Human Spine - As Design Inputs for Developing Spinal Implants. Journal of Spine 12: 7-13
- Berrocal C, Terrero-Pérez Á, Peralta-Mamani ., Fischer Rubira-Bullen IR, Honório HM, Carvalho IMM, Alvares Capelozza AL (2019) Cervical vertebrae anomalies and cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 48: 20190085
- Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Karaman G, Garcia-Donas J, Kranioti E, Moghaddam N, Grabherr S (2021) Virtual morphometric method using seven cervical vertebrae for sex estimation on the Turkish population. Int J Legal Med 135: 1953-1964
- Gelbrich B, Fischer M, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Gelbrich G (2017) Are cervical vertebrae suitable for age estimation? J Forensic Odontostomatol 35: 66-78
- Gülcan M (2019) Boyun düzleşmesi olan boyun ağrılı hastalarda sternokleidomastoid kasıyla transvers abdominis kasının ultrason elastrografi ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
- Imre, N., and Kocabiyik, N. (2017) Anatomical and Morphometric Evaluation of the Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae. Gulhane Medical Journal, 1:3-5
- Klimo, P., Rao, G., & Brockmeyer, D. (2007) Congenital Anomalies of the Cervical Spine. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 18: 463–478
- Kök, H., Acilar, AM., İzgi, MS. (2019) Usage and comparison of artificial intelligence algorithms for determination of growth and development by cervical vertebrae stages in orthodontics. Prog Orthod 20: 41
- Lamparski, D.G. (1975) Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae. American Journal of Orthodontics 67: 458-459
- Mekonen, HK., Hikspoors, JPJM., Mommen, G., Kruepunga, N., Köhler, SE., Lamers WH. (2017) Closure of the vertebral canal in human embryos and fetuses. J Anat 231:260-274
- Rozendaal, AS., Scott, S., Peckmann, TR., Meek, S. (2020) Estimating sex from the seven cervical vertebrae: An analysis of two European skeletal populations. Forensic Sci Int 306: 110072
- Saluja, S., Pati,l S., Vasudeva N. (2015) Morphometric Analysis of Sub-axial Cervical Vertebrae and Its Surgical Implications. J Clin Diagn Res 11: 1-4
- Tokpınar, A., Ülger, H., Yılmaz, S., Acer, N., Ertekin, T., Görkem, SB., Güler, H. (2019) Examination of inclinations of the spine at childhood and adolescence. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 78(1):47-53
- Üzümcügil, O. 2016. Omurganın Sagital Plan Deformiteleri 1. Baskı, Ankara. Rekmay Yayıncılık pp 57-66
- Yılmaz, S., Tokpınar, A., Acer, N., Doğan, S. (2019) Morphometric Investigation of the Sacral Bone in MR Images, Journal of US-China Medical Science16: 179-185.
Abstract
Objectives: The spine is the column that carries the weight of the head and the torso and contains the medulla spinalis that is a part of the Central Nervous System within the canal inside it. Changes occur in the anatomical structures of the vertebrae in cases of infections involving the vertebrae and fractures and deformities arising from traumatic or non-traumatic causes. The determination of such changes in the vertebrae is critically important in terms of treatment or surgical intervention. Morphometric measurements have an important place in the detection of these changes. Moreover, recently, cervical vertebral measurements have been used in sex identification, the preliminary diagnosis of genetic diseases and age identification. We aimed for the results of our study to support clinical interventions to be made in the cervical vertebrae, forensic medicine applications and anthropological applications as a reference in the literature. Methods: In the study, 54 cervical vertebrae in the form of dry bones belonging to the neck region were used as the material. Twenty-three different parameters were measured with a digital caliper at a precision 0.01 mm. Results: Measurements were made on 31 C3-C6, 7 C7, 8 C1 and 8 C2 vertebrae. The mean measurement values were determined as a corpus vertebrae height (anterior) of 17.26±2.10 mm, a corpus vertebrae length (posterior) of 14.81±2.02 mm, a right lamina arcus vertebrae length of 13.34±2.11 mm, a diagonal foramen vertebrale length of 20.21±1.60 mm, a distance between the farthest points of massa lateralis atlantis of 73.99 (66.86-86.94) mm, and a transverse corpus vertebrae diameter of 25.03±4.35 mm. Conclusion: In the cervical vertebral measurements of the Turkish population in our study, we observed that the results on corpus vertebrae height and transverse diameter varied based on races, and the measurements of the Turkish population were higher. In addition, low, medium and high positive-negative relationships were determined by performing correlation analysis between the vertebrae. Accordingly, we think that these analyses will be helpful in the preparation of the atlas and the drawing of vertebrae.
Keywords
Project Number
Bireysel araştırma projesidir.
References
- Arıncı K, Elhan, A (2020) Anatomi Cilt I. 7. Baskı. Ankara: Güneş Kitapevi pp 58-60
- Alsaleh K, Essbaiheen F, Aldosari K, Alsubei B, Alabdulkareeem M. (2021) Morphometric Analysis of Subaxial Cervical Spine Pedicles in a Middle Eastern Population. Int J Spine Surg 15: 413-417
- Banerjee PS, Roychoudhury A, Karmakar SK (2013) Morphological and Kinematic Aspects of Human Spine - As Design Inputs for Developing Spinal Implants. Journal of Spine 12: 7-13
- Berrocal C, Terrero-Pérez Á, Peralta-Mamani ., Fischer Rubira-Bullen IR, Honório HM, Carvalho IMM, Alvares Capelozza AL (2019) Cervical vertebrae anomalies and cleft lip and palate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 48: 20190085
- Ekizoglu O, Hocaoglu E, Inci E, Karaman G, Garcia-Donas J, Kranioti E, Moghaddam N, Grabherr S (2021) Virtual morphometric method using seven cervical vertebrae for sex estimation on the Turkish population. Int J Legal Med 135: 1953-1964
- Gelbrich B, Fischer M, Stellzig-Eisenhauer A, Gelbrich G (2017) Are cervical vertebrae suitable for age estimation? J Forensic Odontostomatol 35: 66-78
- Gülcan M (2019) Boyun düzleşmesi olan boyun ağrılı hastalarda sternokleidomastoid kasıyla transvers abdominis kasının ultrason elastrografi ile ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Turkey
- Imre, N., and Kocabiyik, N. (2017) Anatomical and Morphometric Evaluation of the Foramen Transversarium of Cervical Vertebrae. Gulhane Medical Journal, 1:3-5
- Klimo, P., Rao, G., & Brockmeyer, D. (2007) Congenital Anomalies of the Cervical Spine. Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 18: 463–478
- Kök, H., Acilar, AM., İzgi, MS. (2019) Usage and comparison of artificial intelligence algorithms for determination of growth and development by cervical vertebrae stages in orthodontics. Prog Orthod 20: 41
- Lamparski, D.G. (1975) Skeletal age assessment utilizing cervical vertebrae. American Journal of Orthodontics 67: 458-459
- Mekonen, HK., Hikspoors, JPJM., Mommen, G., Kruepunga, N., Köhler, SE., Lamers WH. (2017) Closure of the vertebral canal in human embryos and fetuses. J Anat 231:260-274
- Rozendaal, AS., Scott, S., Peckmann, TR., Meek, S. (2020) Estimating sex from the seven cervical vertebrae: An analysis of two European skeletal populations. Forensic Sci Int 306: 110072
- Saluja, S., Pati,l S., Vasudeva N. (2015) Morphometric Analysis of Sub-axial Cervical Vertebrae and Its Surgical Implications. J Clin Diagn Res 11: 1-4
- Tokpınar, A., Ülger, H., Yılmaz, S., Acer, N., Ertekin, T., Görkem, SB., Güler, H. (2019) Examination of inclinations of the spine at childhood and adolescence. Folia Morphol (Warsz). 78(1):47-53
- Üzümcügil, O. 2016. Omurganın Sagital Plan Deformiteleri 1. Baskı, Ankara. Rekmay Yayıncılık pp 57-66
- Yılmaz, S., Tokpınar, A., Acer, N., Doğan, S. (2019) Morphometric Investigation of the Sacral Bone in MR Images, Journal of US-China Medical Science16: 179-185.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Clinical Sciences |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | Bireysel araştırma projesidir. |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022 |
