Abstract
It is aimed in this study to confirm the validity and reliability of the Turkish form of “The Healthcare Conflict Scale” (HCS). This is a methodological study. The population of the study includes a total 703 people, as 353 physicians and 350 nurses working actively in pediatric, intensive care and emergency services and palliative care clinics between the dates of December 2020 and February 2021. The scale was constructing validity by factor analysis (CFA), internal consistency by Cronbach alpha coefficient and test-retest reliability by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). The differences between two groups were determined by t test and the linear relation by Pearson’s correlation coefficient. As in the original scale, a three-factor construction was determined in the study: “Mistrust of Motivations,” “Threatening language/actions” and “Contradictory communication.” For physicians (r=0.323-0.637, p<.01) and nurses (r=0.378-0.571, p<.01), the correlation coefficients between the three subscales were found moderate level and statistically significant in a positive way. Cronbach Alpha value was 0.70. As a result of CFA, it is evaluated as a concordant model, and model fit indices were χ2/df: 2.067, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.96 CFI=0.95, NFI=0.93, TLI=0.92. Consequently, the tool has the potential of defining and minimizing the conflict between patients/relatives ad clinic teams in healthcare service delivery. We recommend implementing the HCS, which we believe is important in defining conflict in healthcare services.
References
- Abernethy, A. P., & Tulsky, J. A. (1997). Disagreements that arise when making decisions about withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment. J Gen Intern Med, 12(suppl 1), 101.
- Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart‐Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., & D'Souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(7), 1490-1505.
- Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and evaluation in counseling and development, 47(1), 79-86.
- Azoulay, M., Rusinová, K., Lafabrie, A., ... & Schlemmer, B. (2009). Prevalence, E., Timsit, J. F., Sprung, C. L., Soares and factors of intensive care unit conflicts: the conflicus study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 180(9), 853-860.
- Back, A. L., & Arnold, R. M. (2005). Dealing with conflict in caring for the seriously ill:“it was just out of the question”. Jama, 293(11), 1374-1381.
- Bion, J., Antonelli, M., Blanch, L., Curtis, J. R., Druml, C., Du, B., ... & Sprung, C. (2018). White paper: statement on conflicts of interest. Intensive care medicine, 44, 1657-1668.
- Breen, C. M., Abernethy, A. P., Abbott, K. H., & Tulsky, J. A. (2001). Conflict associated with decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units. Journal of general internal medicine, 16, 283-289.
- Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887.
- de Vet, H. C., Mokkink, L. B., Mosmuller, D. G., & Terwee, C. B. (2017). Spearman–Brown prophecy formula and Cronbach's alpha: different faces of reliability and opportunities for new applications. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 85, 45-49.
- Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological assessment, 7(3), 286.
- Forbat, L., & Barclay, S. (2019). Reducing healthcare conflict: outcomes from using the conflict management framework. Archives of disease in childhood, 104(4), 328-332.
- Forbat, L., Mnatzaganian, G., & Barclay, S. (2019). The Healthcare Conflict Scale: development, validation and reliability testing of a tool for use across clinical settings. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 33(6), 680-688.
- Forbat, L., Simons, J., Sayer, C., Davies, M., & Barclay, S. (2017). Training paediatric healthcare staff in recognising, understanding and managing conflict with patients and families: findings from a survey on immediate and 6-month impact. Archives of disease in childhood, 102(3), 250-254.
- Forbat, L., Teuten, B., & Barclay, S. (2015). Conflict escalation in paediatric services: findings from a qualitative study. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(8), 769-773.
- Hair Jr, JF., Black, WC., Babin, BJ., Anderson, RE. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed.. Nova Jersey: Pearson Education Limited.
- Jaruseviciene, L., Kontrimiene, A., Zaborskis, A., Liseckiene, I., Jarusevicius, G., Valius, L., & Lazarus, J. V. (2019). Development of a scale for measuring collaboration between physicians and nurses in primary health-care teams. Journal of interprofessional care.
- Kim, S., Bochatay, N., Relyea-Chew, A., Buttrick, E., Amdahl, C., Kim, L., ... & Lee, Y. M. (2017). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors of healthcare conflict: A scoping review. Journal of interprofessional care, 31(3), 282-290.
- Kline, RB. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th Ed. New York, Londan, The Guilford Press.
- Konnert, C., Speirs, C., & Mori, C. (2017). Conflict between family caregivers and staff in nursing homes: Feasibility of the daily diary method. Clinical Gerontologist, 40(5), 352-361.
- Lambert, V. A., Lambert, C. E., & Ito, M. (2004). Workplace stressors, ways of coping and demographic characteristics as predictors of physical and mental health of Japanese hospital nurses. International journal of nursing studies, 41(1), 85-97.
- Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
- McKenna, B. G., Smith, N. A., Poole, S. J., & Coverdale, J. H. (2003). Horizontal violence: Experiences of registered nurses in their first year of practice. Journal of advanced nursing, 42(1), 90-96.
- Michelle Rowe, M., & Sherlock, H. (2005). Stress and verbal abuse in nursing: do burned out nurses eat their young?. Journal of nursing management, 13(3), 242-248.
- Popper-Giveon, A., & Keshet, Y. (2018). The secret drama at the patient’s bedside—Refusal of treatment because of the practitioner’s ethnic identity: The medical staff’s point of view. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5), 711-720.
- Usenko, L. V., Krishtafor, A. A., Tiutiunnyk, A. H., Petrashenok, Y. V., Oleniuk, D. V., Machuzhak, H. A., & Skulinets, O. B. (2019). Features of communication of a doctor with special groups of patients and in conflict situations. Medicni perspektivi, 24(3), 4-9.
- Zhongming, W., & Jianhua, L. (2012). Yiliao jiufen fasheng de yuanyin ji yingdui cuoshi. The reason and countering measures of medical disputes), Zhongguo shequ yishi (Chinese Community Doctor), (12), 409-410.
- Warner, IJ. (2001). Nurses’ perceptions of workplace conflict: Implications for retention and recruitment. (MA dissertation). Royal Roads University, Canada
- Wallis, C. (2018). When paediatricians and families can’t agree. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(5), 413-414.
- Warner, I. (2001). Nurses' perceptions of workplace conflict: Implications for retention and recruitment. Canada: Royal Roads University, 1.
- Wheeler, R. (2018). Response to ‘When paediatricians and families can’t agree’. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(5), 410-411.
- Wilkinson, D., Barclay, S., & Savulescu, J. (2018). Disagreement, mediation, arbitration: resolving disputes about medical treatment. The Lancet, 391(10137), 2302-2305.
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, “Sağlık Hizmeti Çatışması Ölçeği”nin (SHÇÖ) Türkçe formunun geçerlilik ve güvenilirliğinin doğrulanması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma metodolojik tiptedir. Araştırmanın evrenini Aralık 2020 – Şubat 2021 tarihlerinde pediatri, yoğun bakım, acil servis ve palyatif bakım kliniklerinde aktif olarak çalışan 353 hekim ve 350 hemşire olmak üzere toplam 703 kişi oluşturmuştur. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle (DFA), iç tutarlılığı Cronbach Alfa katsayısıyla ölçülmüştür. Ölçek yapı geçerliliği doğrulayıcı faktör analiziyle (DFA), iç tutarlılığı Cronbach alfa katsayısıyla ve test-tekrar test güvenilirliği Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) ile ölçülmüştür. İki grup arasındaki farklılıklar t testi ile doğrusal ilişki Pearson'un korelasyon katsayısıyla belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada, orijinal ölçekteki gibi üç faktörlü bir yapı belirlenmiştir: “Hizmet kaynaklarına güvensizlik”, “Tehdit edici dil veya eylemler” ve “Aykırı iletişim”. Hekimler (r=0.323-0.637, p<.01) ve hemşireler (r=0.378-0.571, p<.01) için üç alt ölçek arasındaki korelasyon katsayıları orta seviyede ve pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur. Cronbach Alfa değeri 0.79 idi. DFA sonucunda uygun bir model olarak değerlendirilmiş olup, model uyum indeksleri; χ2/df: 2.067, RMSEA=0.06, GFI=0.96 CFI=0.95, NFI=0.93, TLI=0.92’dir. Sonuç olarak ölçek, sağlık hizmeti sunumunda hasta/hasta yakını ve klinik ekipleri arasındaki çatışmayı tanımlama ve minimize etme potansiyeline sahiptir. Sağlık hizmetlerindeki çatışmanın tanımlanmasına katkı sağlayacak SHÇÖ’nün uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Keywords
References
- Abernethy, A. P., & Tulsky, J. A. (1997). Disagreements that arise when making decisions about withdrawing or withholding life-sustaining treatment. J Gen Intern Med, 12(suppl 1), 101.
- Almost, J., Wolff, A. C., Stewart‐Pyne, A., McCormick, L. G., Strachan, D., & D'Souza, C. (2016). Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review. Journal of advanced nursing, 72(7), 1490-1505.
- Ayre, C., & Scally, A. J. (2014). Critical values for Lawshe’s content validity ratio: revisiting the original methods of calculation. Measurement and evaluation in counseling and development, 47(1), 79-86.
- Azoulay, M., Rusinová, K., Lafabrie, A., ... & Schlemmer, B. (2009). Prevalence, E., Timsit, J. F., Sprung, C. L., Soares and factors of intensive care unit conflicts: the conflicus study. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 180(9), 853-860.
- Back, A. L., & Arnold, R. M. (2005). Dealing with conflict in caring for the seriously ill:“it was just out of the question”. Jama, 293(11), 1374-1381.
- Bion, J., Antonelli, M., Blanch, L., Curtis, J. R., Druml, C., Du, B., ... & Sprung, C. (2018). White paper: statement on conflicts of interest. Intensive care medicine, 44, 1657-1668.
- Breen, C. M., Abernethy, A. P., Abbott, K. H., & Tulsky, J. A. (2001). Conflict associated with decisions to limit life-sustaining treatment in intensive care units. Journal of general internal medicine, 16, 283-289.
- Crocker, L., & Algina, J. (1986). Introduction to classical and modern test theory. Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, FL 32887.
- de Vet, H. C., Mokkink, L. B., Mosmuller, D. G., & Terwee, C. B. (2017). Spearman–Brown prophecy formula and Cronbach's alpha: different faces of reliability and opportunities for new applications. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 85, 45-49.
- Floyd, F. J., & Widaman, K. F. (1995). Factor analysis in the development and refinement of clinical assessment instruments. Psychological assessment, 7(3), 286.
- Forbat, L., & Barclay, S. (2019). Reducing healthcare conflict: outcomes from using the conflict management framework. Archives of disease in childhood, 104(4), 328-332.
- Forbat, L., Mnatzaganian, G., & Barclay, S. (2019). The Healthcare Conflict Scale: development, validation and reliability testing of a tool for use across clinical settings. Journal of Interprofessional Care, 33(6), 680-688.
- Forbat, L., Simons, J., Sayer, C., Davies, M., & Barclay, S. (2017). Training paediatric healthcare staff in recognising, understanding and managing conflict with patients and families: findings from a survey on immediate and 6-month impact. Archives of disease in childhood, 102(3), 250-254.
- Forbat, L., Teuten, B., & Barclay, S. (2015). Conflict escalation in paediatric services: findings from a qualitative study. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(8), 769-773.
- Hair Jr, JF., Black, WC., Babin, BJ., Anderson, RE. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. 7th ed.. Nova Jersey: Pearson Education Limited.
- Jaruseviciene, L., Kontrimiene, A., Zaborskis, A., Liseckiene, I., Jarusevicius, G., Valius, L., & Lazarus, J. V. (2019). Development of a scale for measuring collaboration between physicians and nurses in primary health-care teams. Journal of interprofessional care.
- Kim, S., Bochatay, N., Relyea-Chew, A., Buttrick, E., Amdahl, C., Kim, L., ... & Lee, Y. M. (2017). Individual, interpersonal, and organisational factors of healthcare conflict: A scoping review. Journal of interprofessional care, 31(3), 282-290.
- Kline, RB. (2016). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. 4th Ed. New York, Londan, The Guilford Press.
- Konnert, C., Speirs, C., & Mori, C. (2017). Conflict between family caregivers and staff in nursing homes: Feasibility of the daily diary method. Clinical Gerontologist, 40(5), 352-361.
- Lambert, V. A., Lambert, C. E., & Ito, M. (2004). Workplace stressors, ways of coping and demographic characteristics as predictors of physical and mental health of Japanese hospital nurses. International journal of nursing studies, 41(1), 85-97.
- Lawshe, C. H. (1975). A quantitative approach to content validity. Personnel psychology, 28(4), 563-575.
- McKenna, B. G., Smith, N. A., Poole, S. J., & Coverdale, J. H. (2003). Horizontal violence: Experiences of registered nurses in their first year of practice. Journal of advanced nursing, 42(1), 90-96.
- Michelle Rowe, M., & Sherlock, H. (2005). Stress and verbal abuse in nursing: do burned out nurses eat their young?. Journal of nursing management, 13(3), 242-248.
- Popper-Giveon, A., & Keshet, Y. (2018). The secret drama at the patient’s bedside—Refusal of treatment because of the practitioner’s ethnic identity: The medical staff’s point of view. Qualitative Health Research, 28(5), 711-720.
- Usenko, L. V., Krishtafor, A. A., Tiutiunnyk, A. H., Petrashenok, Y. V., Oleniuk, D. V., Machuzhak, H. A., & Skulinets, O. B. (2019). Features of communication of a doctor with special groups of patients and in conflict situations. Medicni perspektivi, 24(3), 4-9.
- Zhongming, W., & Jianhua, L. (2012). Yiliao jiufen fasheng de yuanyin ji yingdui cuoshi. The reason and countering measures of medical disputes), Zhongguo shequ yishi (Chinese Community Doctor), (12), 409-410.
- Warner, IJ. (2001). Nurses’ perceptions of workplace conflict: Implications for retention and recruitment. (MA dissertation). Royal Roads University, Canada
- Wallis, C. (2018). When paediatricians and families can’t agree. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(5), 413-414.
- Warner, I. (2001). Nurses' perceptions of workplace conflict: Implications for retention and recruitment. Canada: Royal Roads University, 1.
- Wheeler, R. (2018). Response to ‘When paediatricians and families can’t agree’. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 103(5), 410-411.
- Wilkinson, D., Barclay, S., & Savulescu, J. (2018). Disagreement, mediation, arbitration: resolving disputes about medical treatment. The Lancet, 391(10137), 2302-2305.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | December 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
