Sustainment of Antioxidant Enzymes by Drosera peltata in Ehrlich's Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Bearing Mice
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant status of animals treated with 250 and 500 mg / kg doses of ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera peltata on Erich ascites carcinoma (EAC) inoculated mice. A total of 70 mice were divided into 7 groups, each group with ten mice. The first group received normal food and water for 14 days and was under normal control. The second group also received normal food and water for 14 days, which was cancer control. Third group received 5- flurouracil (20 mg/kg, i.p) for 14 days. Fourth and fifth group animals received 250 and 500 mg / kg of ethanol extracts of D. peltata (EEDP) whereas the sixth and seventh groups of mice received 250 and 500 mg / kg of aqueous extracts of D. peltata (AEDP), orally for 14 days. All the groups were inoculated with EAC (2×106 cells/mouse, i.p.) except Group I, 24 hours before the commencement of the drug treatment. After the completion of treatment, blood was drawn retro-orbitally and sacrificed to isolate the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain for observing tissue antioxidant status. The parameters analyzed were total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (P), and glutathione (GSH) from the tissues apart and the protein carbonyl content (PCC) also measured from the blood sample. Treatment with EEDP and AEDP significantly lowers the MDA levels from 23 to 10 mmol/ml in the blood whereas 28 to 4 nm/g tissue isolates the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It also raised the TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and P levels in the blood and the tissues sample of the cancer cell line inoculated animals, and their levels are maintained similarly to normal group animals. The results proposed that both the extracts of D. peltata retained the various tissue antioxidant statuses in mice with EAC cancer lines.
Supporting Institution
KM College of Pharmacy, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Project Number
A. Raju 0903PH2254/JNTUH 2009
References
- Christina AJM, Joseph DG, Packialakshmi M, Kothai R, Robert SJ, Chidambaranathan N, Ramasamy M (2004) Anticarcinogenic activity of Withania somnifera Dunal against Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma. J Ethnopharmacol. 93, 359 – 361.
- Cragg GM, Newman DJ (2009) Natural product scaffolds as leads to drugs. Future Med Chem. 1(8), 1415-142.
- Desai AG, Qazi GN, Ganju RK, El-Tamer M, Singh J, Saxena AK, Bedi YS, Taneja SC, Bhat HK (2008) Medicinal plants and cancer chemoprevention. Curr Drug Metab, 9(7), 581–591. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920008785821657
- DeWys WD (1982) Pathophysiology of cancer cachexia: Current understanding and areas for future research. Cancer Res. 42, 721s–726s.
- Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Sambathkumar R, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM (2004) Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. J PharmacolSci. 94, 177–184.
- Ichimura Y, Habuchi T, Tsuchiya N (2004) Increased risk of bladder cancer associated with a glutathione peroxidase 1 codon 198 variant. J Urol. 172, 728–732.
- Imam H, Shaik, Reza Mehvar (2006) Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiolmasking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: Application to the rat liver and bile samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 385(1), 105–113.
- Jiau-Jian L, Larry, WO (1991) Over expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase confers resistance to the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor and/or hyperthermia. Cancer Res. 57, 1991–1998.
- Koca R, Armutcu F, Altinyazar C, Gurel C (2005) An evaluation of lipid peroxidation, oxidant/antioxidant status, and serum nitric oxide levels in alopecia areata. Med Sci Monit. 11, 296–299.
- Marklund SI, Westman NG, Lundgren E, Roos G (1982) Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in normal and neoplastic human cell lines and normal human tissues. Cancer Res. 42, 1955– 1961.
- Ming L, Jill C P, Jingfang J N, Edward C, Brash E (1998) Antioxidant action via p53 mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 58, 1723–1729.
- National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. Assessed 25 August 2022
- Parasuraman S, Thing GS, Dhanaraj SA (2014) Polyherbal formulation: Concept of ayurveda. Pharmacogn Rev, 8(16), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134229
- Putul M, Sunit C, Pritha B (2000) Neovascularisation offers a new perspective to glutamine-related therapy. Indian J Exp Biol. 38, 88–90.
- Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Coarl K, Punitham R (2004) Determination of carbonyl group content in plasma proteins as a useful marker to assess impairment in antioxidant defense in patients with Eales Disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 52(1), 139-44.
- Raju A, Aparna AM, Salwa AS (2020) Study of in vitro immunomodulatory effect and quantitative evaluation of main phytoconstituents in Indian Drosera species. EMUJPharmSci. 3(1), 50-63. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/emujpharmsci/issue/53889/690573
- Raju A, Arockiasamy JMC (2013) Anticancer activity of Drosera indica L., on Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing mice. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2(1), 9-14.
- Raju A, Arockiasamy JMC (2018) Free radical scavenging potential of Drosera indica L in presence of Dalton Ascites lymphoma (DAL) tumor bearing mice. Indonesian J Pharm. 29(3), 127 – 135.
- Raju A, Christina AJM, Murali A (2012) Antitumor activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Drosera burmannii vahl. in EAC bearing mice. Spatula DD. 2(2), 83-88.
- Reddy CHS, Reddy KN, Jadhav SN (2001) Threatened (Medicinal) plants of Andhra Predesh. Medicinal Plants Conservation Center. 1-39.
- Rizwan A, Anil KT, Payal T, Sushma S, Ranjana S, Raj KS (2008) Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl as biomarkers for oxidative stress and disease progression in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In vivo. 22, 525-528.
Sustainment of Antioxidant Enzymes by Drosera peltata in Ehrlich’s Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Bearing Mice
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to measure the antioxidant status of animals treated with 250 and 500 mg / kg doses of ethanol and aqueous extract of Drosera peltata on Erich ascites carcinoma (EAC) inoculated mice. A total of 70 mice were divided into 7 groups, each group with ten mice. The first group received normal food and water for 14 days and was under normal control. The second group also received normal food and water for 14 days, which was cancer control. Third group received 5- flurouracil (20 mg/kg, i.p) for 14 days. Fourth and fifth group animals received 250 and 500 mg / kg of ethanol extracts of D. peltata (EEDP) whereas the sixth and seventh groups of mice received 250 and 500 mg / kg of aqueous extracts of D. peltata (AEDP), orally for 14 days. All the groups were inoculated with EAC (2×106 cells/mouse, i.p.) except Group I, 24 hours before the commencement of the drug treatment. After the completion of treatment, blood was drawn retro-orbitally and sacrificed to isolate the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain for observing tissue antioxidant status. The parameters analyzed were total protein (TP), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (P), and glutathione (GSH) from the tissues apart and the protein carbonyl content (PCC) also measured from the blood sample. Treatment with EEDP and AEDP significantly lowers the MDA levels from 23 to 10 mmol/ml in the blood whereas 28 to 4 nm/g tissue isolates the liver, lungs, kidneys, and brain. It also raised the TP, GSH, SOD, CAT, and P levels in the blood and the tissues sample of the cancer cell line inoculated animals, and their levels are maintained similarly to normal group animals. The results proposed that both the extracts of D. peltata retained the various tissue antioxidant statuses in mice with EAC cancer lines.
Project Number
A. Raju 0903PH2254/JNTUH 2009
References
- Christina AJM, Joseph DG, Packialakshmi M, Kothai R, Robert SJ, Chidambaranathan N, Ramasamy M (2004) Anticarcinogenic activity of Withania somnifera Dunal against Dalton’s ascitic lymphoma. J Ethnopharmacol. 93, 359 – 361.
- Cragg GM, Newman DJ (2009) Natural product scaffolds as leads to drugs. Future Med Chem. 1(8), 1415-142.
- Desai AG, Qazi GN, Ganju RK, El-Tamer M, Singh J, Saxena AK, Bedi YS, Taneja SC, Bhat HK (2008) Medicinal plants and cancer chemoprevention. Curr Drug Metab, 9(7), 581–591. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920008785821657
- DeWys WD (1982) Pathophysiology of cancer cachexia: Current understanding and areas for future research. Cancer Res. 42, 721s–726s.
- Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Sambathkumar R, Sivakumar T, Vamsi MLM (2004) Antitumor activity and antioxidant status of Caesalpinia bonducella against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in Swiss albino mice. J PharmacolSci. 94, 177–184.
- Ichimura Y, Habuchi T, Tsuchiya N (2004) Increased risk of bladder cancer associated with a glutathione peroxidase 1 codon 198 variant. J Urol. 172, 728–732.
- Imam H, Shaik, Reza Mehvar (2006) Rapid determination of reduced and oxidized glutathione levels using a new thiolmasking reagent and the enzymatic recycling method: Application to the rat liver and bile samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 385(1), 105–113.
- Jiau-Jian L, Larry, WO (1991) Over expression of manganese-containing superoxide dismutase confers resistance to the cytotoxicity of tumor necrosis factor and/or hyperthermia. Cancer Res. 57, 1991–1998.
- Koca R, Armutcu F, Altinyazar C, Gurel C (2005) An evaluation of lipid peroxidation, oxidant/antioxidant status, and serum nitric oxide levels in alopecia areata. Med Sci Monit. 11, 296–299.
- Marklund SI, Westman NG, Lundgren E, Roos G (1982) Copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase, manganese containing superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase in normal and neoplastic human cell lines and normal human tissues. Cancer Res. 42, 1955– 1961.
- Ming L, Jill C P, Jingfang J N, Edward C, Brash E (1998) Antioxidant action via p53 mediated apoptosis. Cancer Res. 58, 1723–1729.
- National Cancer Institute. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/types. Assessed 25 August 2022
- Parasuraman S, Thing GS, Dhanaraj SA (2014) Polyherbal formulation: Concept of ayurveda. Pharmacogn Rev, 8(16), 73–80. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.134229
- Putul M, Sunit C, Pritha B (2000) Neovascularisation offers a new perspective to glutamine-related therapy. Indian J Exp Biol. 38, 88–90.
- Rajesh M, Sulochana KN, Coarl K, Punitham R (2004) Determination of carbonyl group content in plasma proteins as a useful marker to assess impairment in antioxidant defense in patients with Eales Disease. Indian J Ophthalmol. 52(1), 139-44.
- Raju A, Aparna AM, Salwa AS (2020) Study of in vitro immunomodulatory effect and quantitative evaluation of main phytoconstituents in Indian Drosera species. EMUJPharmSci. 3(1), 50-63. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/emujpharmsci/issue/53889/690573
- Raju A, Arockiasamy JMC (2013) Anticancer activity of Drosera indica L., on Dalton’s lymphoma ascites (DLA) bearing mice. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. 2(1), 9-14.
- Raju A, Arockiasamy JMC (2018) Free radical scavenging potential of Drosera indica L in presence of Dalton Ascites lymphoma (DAL) tumor bearing mice. Indonesian J Pharm. 29(3), 127 – 135.
- Raju A, Christina AJM, Murali A (2012) Antitumor activity of ethanol and aqueous extracts of Drosera burmannii vahl. in EAC bearing mice. Spatula DD. 2(2), 83-88.
- Reddy CHS, Reddy KN, Jadhav SN (2001) Threatened (Medicinal) plants of Andhra Predesh. Medicinal Plants Conservation Center. 1-39.
- Rizwan A, Anil KT, Payal T, Sushma S, Ranjana S, Raj KS (2008) Malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl as biomarkers for oxidative stress and disease progression in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. In vivo. 22, 525-528.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Project Number | A. Raju 0903PH2254/JNTUH 2009 |
| Early Pub Date | December 22, 2022 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
