Research Article
Farklı Materyallere Sahip Şeffaf Plaklarda Biyofilm Oluşumunun ve Lugol’ün Oluşan Biyofilme Etkisinin Mikrobiyolojik ve SEM İncelemesi ile Değerlendirilmesi
Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı; günümüzde kullanımı yaygınlaşan şeffaf plaklardaki biyofilm tutulumunu ve %5 Lugol’un hem biyofilm oluşumuna (inhibisyon) hem de oluşmuş biyofilmin eradikasyonuna etkisini araştırmaktır. Üç farklı marka şeffaf plak 5mm’lik yuvarlaklar halinde kesilip (n=10) üzerlerine S. mutans biyofilm oluşumu hem koloni sayma yöntemi hem de SEM ile incelendi. %5 lugolun etkisi MIC olarak tespit edildi. MIC altı değerde inhibisyon ve MIC -2 MIC değerlerde deneyleri yapıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde Kruskal Wallis varyans analizi (ANOVA) ve tekrarlayan ölçümlerde varyans analizi kullanıldı. Koloni oluşturan birim sayımı (cfu) ve SEM görüntüleri ile elde edilen veriler karşılaştırıldığında her üç plakda da 3. Saatin sonunda biyofilm oluşumu izlenmiş ve 48 saatin sonunda maximuma ulaşmıştır. %5 Lugol her üç plakta da tam inhibisyon sağlamış ancak eradikasyonda etkili olmakla birlikte tam bir uzaklaştırma yapamamıştır. %5 Lugol biyofilm oluşmadan uygulandığında biyofilm oluşumunu şeffaf plak markası farketmeksizin engellemiş, ancak oluşmuş S. mutans biyofilmlerini kısmen uzaklaştırabilmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Beighton, D., (2005). The complex oral microflora of high-risk individuals and groups and its role in the caries process. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 33(4), 248-55.
- Chopra, A., Sivaraman, K., Radhakrishnan R., Balakrishnan D., Narayana A. (2021). Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update. Japanese Dental Science Review, Cilt 57, 39-45.
- CLSI, (2012). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
- Durani, P. & Leaper, D. (2008). Povidone–iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation. Int Wound J, 5, 376–387.
- Freeman, C., Duan, E., Kessler, J. (2022). Molecular iodine is not responsible for cytotoxicity in iodophors. J Hosp Infect, 122, 194-202.
- Gottardi, W., (1991). Iodine and iodine compounds. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Control of Hospital Waste. PA: Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
- Grønseth, T. Vestby L. K., Neese L. L., Thoen E., Habimana O., Unge M., Silvola J. T. (2017). Lugol's solution eradicates Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 103, 58-64.
- Gupta, H. & Hardiya, S. (2014). Evaluation of Efficacy of 2% Povidone Iodine & Chlorhexidine in Reducing Salivary Streptococcus Mutans. J Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 3(72), 15214-15220.
- Ham, S. Y., Kim H. S., Cha, E., Lim, T., Byun, Y., Park H. D. (2022). Raffinose Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation by Targeting Glucosyltransferase. Microbiol Spectr, 10(3), e0207621.
- Hoang, T., Jorgensen, M. G., Keim, R. G., Pattison A. M., Slots J. (2003). Povidone-iodine as a periodontal pocket disinfectant. J Periodontal Res, 38, 311-7.
- Hosaka, Y., Saito A., Maeda R., Fukaya C., Moriakawa S., Makino A., Ishihara K., Nakagawa T. (2012). Antibacterial activity of povidone– iodine against an artificial biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Arch Oral Biol, 57(4), 364-8. Jeremiah, H. G., Bister, D. & Newton, J. T. (2011). Social perceptions of adults wearing orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Orthod, 33(5), 476-82.
- Jeromino, L. P., Choi, M. R., Yeon, S. H., Park, S. K., Yoon, Y. H., Choi, S. H., ve ark. (2020). Effects of povidone-iodine composite on the elimination of bacterial biofilm. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10(7), 884-92.
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- Lucchese, A., Bondemark, L., Marcolina, M. & Manuelli, M. (2018). Ortodontik apareylere bağlı oral mikrobiyotadaki değişiklikler sistematik bir derleme. J Oral Mikrobiyol, 10(1), 1476645–1476645.
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- Rosvall, M. D., Fields H.W., Ziuchkovski J, Rosentiel S. F., Johnston W. M. (2009). Attractiveness, acceptability, and value of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 135(3), 276-7.
- Şahin, V. N., (2003). Vital ağartma ajanlarının farklı porselenler üzerine etkileri; yüzey sertliği, pürüzlülüğü, renk değişikliği ve oral bakteri tutumunun in vitro olarak incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 107s.
- Tam, A., Shemesh M., Wormser U., Sintov A., Steinberg D. (2006). Effect of different iodine formulations on the expression and activity of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase in biofilm and planktonic environments. J Antimicrob Chemother, 57(5), 865-71.
- Tektas, S., Thurnheer T., Eliades T., Attin T., Karygianni L. (2020). Initial Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Aligner Materials. Antibiotics (Basel), 9(12), 908.
- Uzuner, D., Kaygısız E., Taner L., Yüksel S., Sezgin Y., Çulhaoğlu R., Ateş C. (2014). Sabit ortodontik tedavinin periodontal sağlık ve ağız kokusu üzerine etkisi. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 31(2), 121-6.
- Vratsanos, S. M. (1983). On the structure and function of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine complex. %1 içindeIn: Degenes G. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky: ed. Proceedings of International Symposium on Povidone-Iodine, 289-01.
- Wang, H. & Ren, D. (2017). Controlling Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with direct current and chlorhexidine. AMB Express, 7.
- Wang, X., Wang, G. & Hao, M. (2015). Modeling of the Bacillus subtilis Bacterial Biofilm Growing on an Agar Substrate. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.
- Wheeler, T. T. (2017). Orthodontic clear aligner treatment. Seminars in Orthodontics, 23(1), 83-9.
Evaluation of Biofilm Formation in Clear Aligners with Different Materials and The Effect of Lugol on the Formed Biofilm by Microbiological and SEM Analysis
Abstract
The aim of this study; The aim of this study is to investigate the biofilm uptake in transparent plaques, which are widely used today, and the effect of 5% Lugol on both biofilm formation (inhibition) and eradication of the formed biofilm. 3 different clear aligners were cut into 5mm rounds (n=10) and S. mutans biofilm formation on them was examined by both colony counting method and SEM. The effect of 5% Lugol was determined as MIC. Inhibition at sub-MIC values and MIC -2 MIC values were tested. Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of variance in repeated measures were used to evaluate the data. When the data obtained with colony forming unit count (cfu) and SEM images were compared, biofilm formation was observed at the end of the 3rd hour in all 3 plates and reached the maximum at the end of 48 hours. 5% Lugol provided complete inhibition in all 3 plaques, but although it was effective in eradication, it could not completely remove it. When 5% Lugol was applied without biofilm formation, it prevented the biofilm formation regardless of the transparent plaque brand, but it was able to partially remove the formed S. mutans biofilms.
Keywords
References
- Beighton, D., (2005). The complex oral microflora of high-risk individuals and groups and its role in the caries process. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 33(4), 248-55.
- Chopra, A., Sivaraman, K., Radhakrishnan R., Balakrishnan D., Narayana A. (2021). Can povidone iodine gargle/mouthrinse inactivate SARS-CoV-2 and decrease the risk of nosocomial and community transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic? An evidence-based update. Japanese Dental Science Review, Cilt 57, 39-45.
- CLSI, (2012). Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).
- Durani, P. & Leaper, D. (2008). Povidone–iodine: use in hand disinfection, skin preparation and antiseptic irrigation. Int Wound J, 5, 376–387.
- Freeman, C., Duan, E., Kessler, J. (2022). Molecular iodine is not responsible for cytotoxicity in iodophors. J Hosp Infect, 122, 194-202.
- Gottardi, W., (1991). Iodine and iodine compounds. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Control of Hospital Waste. PA: Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
- Grønseth, T. Vestby L. K., Neese L. L., Thoen E., Habimana O., Unge M., Silvola J. T. (2017). Lugol's solution eradicates Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in vitro. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 103, 58-64.
- Gupta, H. & Hardiya, S. (2014). Evaluation of Efficacy of 2% Povidone Iodine & Chlorhexidine in Reducing Salivary Streptococcus Mutans. J Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences, 3(72), 15214-15220.
- Ham, S. Y., Kim H. S., Cha, E., Lim, T., Byun, Y., Park H. D. (2022). Raffinose Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation by Targeting Glucosyltransferase. Microbiol Spectr, 10(3), e0207621.
- Hoang, T., Jorgensen, M. G., Keim, R. G., Pattison A. M., Slots J. (2003). Povidone-iodine as a periodontal pocket disinfectant. J Periodontal Res, 38, 311-7.
- Hosaka, Y., Saito A., Maeda R., Fukaya C., Moriakawa S., Makino A., Ishihara K., Nakagawa T. (2012). Antibacterial activity of povidone– iodine against an artificial biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Arch Oral Biol, 57(4), 364-8. Jeremiah, H. G., Bister, D. & Newton, J. T. (2011). Social perceptions of adults wearing orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional study. Eur J Orthod, 33(5), 476-82.
- Jeromino, L. P., Choi, M. R., Yeon, S. H., Park, S. K., Yoon, Y. H., Choi, S. H., ve ark. (2020). Effects of povidone-iodine composite on the elimination of bacterial biofilm. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 10(7), 884-92.
- Köse, İ. B. & Küçük, E. B. (2022). Güncel Bilgiler Işığında Şeffaf Plak Tedavileri: Evreklioğlu C., Erten M. (ed). Sağlık Bilimlerinde Güncel Araştırmalar Cilt I. Gece Kitaplığı, Ankara, 331-58.
- Lucchese, A., Bondemark, L., Marcolina, M. & Manuelli, M. (2018). Ortodontik apareylere bağlı oral mikrobiyotadaki değişiklikler sistematik bir derleme. J Oral Mikrobiyol, 10(1), 1476645–1476645.
- Malik, O. H., McMullin, A. & Waring, D. T., 013). Invisible orthodontics part 1: invisalign. Dent Update, 40(3), 203-4, 207-10, 213-5. Marsh, P. D. (2008). The oral microflora and biofilms on teeth. 163-87.
- Matsumoto-Nakano, M. (2018). Role of Streptococcus mutans surface proteins for biofilm formation. Jpn Dent Sci Rev, 54(1), 22-9. Razeghian-Jahromi, I. , Babanouri N., Ebrahimi Z., Najafi H. Z., Sarbaz M., Najafabady N. M. (2022). Effect of 8% arginine toothpaste on Streptococcus mutans in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment: randomized controlled trial. Dental Press J Orthod, 27(3), e2220322.
- Rosling, B., Hellstrom, M. K., Ramberg, P., Socransky S.S., Lindhe J. (2001). The use of PVP-iodine as an adjunct to non-surgical treatment of chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol, 28, 1023-31.
- Rosvall, M. D., Fields H.W., Ziuchkovski J, Rosentiel S. F., Johnston W. M. (2009). Attractiveness, acceptability, and value of orthodontic appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 135(3), 276-7.
- Şahin, V. N., (2003). Vital ağartma ajanlarının farklı porselenler üzerine etkileri; yüzey sertliği, pürüzlülüğü, renk değişikliği ve oral bakteri tutumunun in vitro olarak incelenmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Doktora Tezi, Ankara, 107s.
- Tam, A., Shemesh M., Wormser U., Sintov A., Steinberg D. (2006). Effect of different iodine formulations on the expression and activity of Streptococcus mutans glucosyltransferase and fructosyltransferase in biofilm and planktonic environments. J Antimicrob Chemother, 57(5), 865-71.
- Tektas, S., Thurnheer T., Eliades T., Attin T., Karygianni L. (2020). Initial Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Aligner Materials. Antibiotics (Basel), 9(12), 908.
- Uzuner, D., Kaygısız E., Taner L., Yüksel S., Sezgin Y., Çulhaoğlu R., Ateş C. (2014). Sabit ortodontik tedavinin periodontal sağlık ve ağız kokusu üzerine etkisi. Acta Odontologica Turcica, 31(2), 121-6.
- Vratsanos, S. M. (1983). On the structure and function of polyvinyl pyrrolidone-iodine complex. %1 içindeIn: Degenes G. Lexington, KY: University of Kentucky: ed. Proceedings of International Symposium on Povidone-Iodine, 289-01.
- Wang, H. & Ren, D. (2017). Controlling Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with direct current and chlorhexidine. AMB Express, 7.
- Wang, X., Wang, G. & Hao, M. (2015). Modeling of the Bacillus subtilis Bacterial Biofilm Growing on an Agar Substrate. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine.
- Wheeler, T. T. (2017). Orthodontic clear aligner treatment. Seminars in Orthodontics, 23(1), 83-9.
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | December 22, 2022 |
| Publication Date | December 30, 2022 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2022Volume: 7 Issue: 3 |
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