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Periodontal Hastalıklar: Başlıca Risk Faktörleri

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 501 - 512, 30.12.2023

Tuba Ustaoğlu , Deniz Mıhçıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1296178

Öz

Periodontal hastalıklar yetişkinlerde yaygın olarak görülen hastalıklar arasındadır. Hastalık prevalansı dünya genelinde %20 ile %50 arasındadır. Diş eti ve dişleri çevreleyen yapıların iltihaplanması ile karakterize olup, tedavi edilmediğinde diş hareketliliğini ve diş kaybı riskini artırabilen bir durum meydana gelebilmektedir. Ağız ve diş hastalıklarının oluşumunda bireyin beslenme durumu ve besin seçimi dahil olmak üzere yaşam tarzı önemli bir etkiye sahiptir. Beslenme alışkanlıkları oral kaviteyi etkilerken aynı zamanda yetersiz ağız sağlığı da yemek yemeyi ve sürdürülebilir beslenmeyi etkileyebilir. Periodontal hastalıklar bakteriler ve konak yanıtı arasındaki sürekli etkileşimleri içeren çok yönlü kronik bir hastalıktır. Periodontal hastalıkların oluşumuna sebep olan çok sayıda risk faktörü bulunmaktadır. Bunlar, sigara kullanımı, yetersiz ağız hijyeni, obezite, gebelik gibi değiştirilebilir risk faktörleri ile genetik hastalıklar, yaş ve kalıtım gibi değiştirilemeyen risk faktörleri olarak alt bölümlere ayrılabilir. Bu derlemede literatür bilgileri doğrultusunda periodontal hastalıkları etkileyen birçok risk faktörü arasından; değiştirilemez etkilerden genetik faktörler ve beslenme başta olmak üzere değiştirilebilir risk faktörlerinden bahsedilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

periodontal hastalıklar genetik beslenme vitamin mineraller

Kaynakça

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Periodontal Diseases: Major Risk Factors

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 501 - 512, 30.12.2023

Tuba Ustaoğlu , Deniz Mıhçıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1296178

Öz

Periodontal diseases are among the common diseases in adults. The prevalence of the disease is between 20% and 50% worldwide. It is characterised by inflammation of the structures surrounding the gums and teeth, which can increase tooth mobility and the risk of tooth loss when left untreated. Lifestyle, including nutritional status and food selection has an important effect on the formation of oral and dental diseases. While dietary habits affect the oral cavity, poor oral health can also affect eating and sustainable nutrition. Periodontal disease is a multifaceted chronic disease involving continuous interactions between bacteria and host response. There are many risk factors that contribute to the development of periodontal disease. These can be subdivided into modifiable risk factors such as smoking, inadequate oral hygiene, obesity, pregnancy and non-modifiable risk factors such as genetic diseases, age and heredity. In this review, among the many risk factors affecting periodontal diseases in line with the literature; Among the non-modifiable effects, modifiable risk factors, especially genetic factors and nutrition, were mentioned.

Anahtar Kelimeler

periodontal diseases genetics nutrition vitamins minerals

Kaynakça

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  • Megha, K., & Mohanan, P. (2021). Role of immunoglobulin and antibodies in disease management. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 169, 28-38.
  • Meisel, P., Schwahn, C., Luedemann, J., John, U., Kroemer, H., & Kocher, T. (2005). Magnesium deficiency is associated with periodontal disease. Journal of dental research, 84(10), 937-941.
  • Merchant, A. T., Pitiphat, W., Franz, M., & Joshipura, K. J. (2006). Whole-grain and fiber intakes and periodontitis risk in men. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 83(6), 1395-1400.
  • Mıhçıoğlu, D. (2019). Epigenetik Mekanizmaların Besinlerin Biyoaktif Bileşenleri ile İlişkisi. Morita, I., Okamoto, Y., Yoshii, S., Nakagaki, H., Mizuno, K., Sheiham, A., & Sabbah, W. (2011). Five-year incidence of periodontal disease is related to body mass index. Journal of Dental Research, 90(2), 199-202.
  • Murthykumar, K., Arjunkumar, R., & Jayaseelan, V. P. (2019). Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (rs10735810) and chronic periodontitis. Journal of Investigative and Clinical Dentistry, 10(4), e12440.
  • Najeeb, S., Zafar, M. S., Khurshid, Z., Zohaib, S., & Almas, K. (2016). The role of nutrition in periodontal health: an update. Nutrients, 8(9), 530.
  • Nazir, M., Al-Ansari, A., Al-Khalifa, K., Alhareky, M., Gaffar, B., & Almas, K. (2020). Global prevalence of periodontal disease and lack of its surveillance. The Scientific World Journal, 2020.
  • Nielsen, S. J., Trak-Fellermeier, M. A., Joshipura, K., & Dye, B. A. (2016). Dietary fiber intake is inversely associated with periodontal disease among US adults. The Journal of nutrition, 146(12), 2530-2536.
  • Nikolopoulos, G. K., Dimou, N. L., Hamodrakas, S. J., & Bagos, P. G. (2008). Cytokine gene polymorphisms in periodontal disease: a meta‐analysis of 53 studies including 4178 cases and 4590 controls. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 35(9), 754-767.
  • Nishida, M., Grossi, S. G., Dunford, R. G., Ho, A. W., Trevisan, M., & Genco, R. J. (2000). Calcium and the risk for periodontal disease. Journal of periodontology, 71(7), 1057-1066.
  • Nishimura, F., Iwamoto, Y., Mineshiba, J., Shimizu, A., Soga, Y., & Murayama, Y. (2003). Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: the role of tumor necrosis factor‐α in a 2‐way relationship. Journal of Periodontology, 74(1), 97-102.
  • Offenbacher, S., Lieff, S., Boggess, K., Murtha, A., Madianos, P., Champagne, C., McKaig, R.G., Jared, H.L., Mauriello, S.M., Auten Jr, R., Herbert, W.N.P., Beck, J.D. (2001). Maternal periodontitis and prematurity. Part I: Obstetric outcome of prematurity and growth restriction. Annals of Periodontology, 6(1), 164-174.
  • Ohyama, H., Takashiba, S., Oyaizu, K., Nagai, A., Naruse, T., Inoko, H., Kurihara, H., Murayama, Y. (1996). HLA Class II genotypes associated with early‐onset periodontitis: DQB1 molecule primarily confers susceptibility to the disease. Journal of Periodontology, 67(9), 888-894.
  • Park, E., Na, H. S., Kim, S. M., Wallet, S., Cha, S., & Chung, J. (2014). Xylitol, an anticaries agent, exhibits potent inhibition of inflammatory responses in human THP‐1‐derived macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Journal of periodontology, 85(6), e212-e223.
  • Pavlesen, S., Mai, X., Wactawski‐Wende, J., LaMonte, M. J., Hovey, K. M., Genco, R. J., & Millen, A. E. (2016). Vitamin D Status and tooth loss in postmenopausal females: The buffalo osteoporosis and periodontal disease (OsteOperio) study. Journal of periodontology, 87(8), 852-863.
  • Petersen, P. E., & Ogawa, H. (2005). Strengthening the prevention of periodontal disease: the WHO approach. Journal of periodontology, 76(12), 2187-2193.
  • Reichert, S., Altermann, W., Stein, J. M., Schaller, H. G., Machulla, H. K., & Schulz, S. (2013). Individual composition of human leukocyte antigens and periodontopathogens in the background of periodontitis. Journal of Periodontology, 84(1), 100-109.
  • Reynolds, I., & Duane, B. (2018). Periodontal disease has an impact on patients' quality of life. Evidence-based dentistry, 19(1), 14-15.
  • Rosan, B., & Lamont, R. J. (2000). Dental plaque formation. Microbes and infection, 2(13), 1599-1607.
  • Roved, J., Westerdahl, H., & Hasselquist, D. (2017). Sex differences in immune responses: Hormonal effects, antagonistic selection, and evolutionary consequences. Hormones and Behavior, 88, 95-105.
  • Rudick, C. P., Lang, M. S., & Miyamoto, T. (2019). Understanding the pathophysiology behind chairside diagnostics and genetic testing for IL‐1 and IL‐6. Oral Diseases, 25(8), 1879-1885.
  • Samur, G. (2012). Vitamin Mineraller ve Sağlığımız.
  • Santonocito, S., Polizzi, A., Palazzo, G., Indelicato, F., & Isola, G. (2021). Dietary factors affecting the prevalence and impact of periodontal disease. Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 283-292.
  • Scannapieco, F. A., Bush, R. B., & Paju, S. (2003). Associations between periodontal disease and risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. A systematic review. Annals of Periodontology, 8(1), 38-53.
  • Sculley, D. V., & Langley-Evans, S. C. (2002). Salivary antioxidants and periodontal disease status. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 61(1), 137-143.
  • Sedghi, L. M., Bacino, M., & Kapila, Y. L. (2021). Periodontal disease: The good, the bad, and the unknown. Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 11, 1210.
  • Shan, C., Aisaiti, A., Wu, Z. P., Wang, T. T., & Zhao, J. (2020). Association of TLR-2 gene polymorphisms with the risk of periodontitis: a meta-analysis. Disease Markers, 2020.
  • Sheiham, A., & Watt, R. G. (2000). The common risk factor approach: a rational basis for promoting oral health. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology: Commentary, 28(6), 399-406. Shimabukuro, Y., Nakayama, Y., Ogata, Y., Tamazawa, K., Shimauchi, H., Nishida, T., Ito, K., Chikazawa, T.,
  • Shinsuke Kataoka, Murakami, S. (2015). Effects of an Ascorbic Acid–Derivative Dentifrice in Patients With Gingivitis: A Double‐Masked, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial. Journal of periodontology, 86(1), 27-35.
  • Skvortsov, S., & Gabdoulkhakova, A. (2017). Formyl peptide receptor polymorphisms: 27 most possible ways for phagocyte dysfunction. Biochemistry (Moscow), 82, 426-437.
  • Slots, J. (2013). Periodontology: past, present, perspectives. Periodontology 2000, 62(1), 7-19. Slotwinska, S. M. (2013). The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1-Ra) and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor I (sTNF RI) in periodontal disease.
  • Song, B., Zhang, Y., Chen, L., Zhou, T., Huang, W., Zhou, X., & Shao, L. (2017). The role of Toll‐like receptors in periodontitis. Oral Diseases, 23(2), 168-180.
  • Staufenbiel, I., Weinspach, K., Förster, G., Geurtsen, W., & Günay, H. (2013). Periodontal conditions in vegetarians: a clinical study. European journal of clinical nutrition, 67(8), 836-840.
  • Stein, J. M., Machulla, H. K., Smeets, R., Lampert, F., & Reichert, S. (2008). Human leukocyte antigen polymorphism in chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Caucasians: a meta‐analysis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 35(3), 183-192.
  • Tadjoedin, F. M., Fitri, A. H., Kuswandani, S. O., Sulijaya, B., & Soeroso, Y. (2017). The correlation between age and periodontal diseases. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 10(2), 327.
  • Takashiba, S., Ohyama, H., Oyaizu, K., Kogoe‐Kato, N., & Murayama, Y. (1999). HLA genetics for diagnosis of susceptibility to early‐onset periodontitis. Journal of Periodontal Research, 34(7), 374-378.
  • Taylor, G. W. (2001). Bidirectional interrelationships between diabetes and periodontal diseases: an epidemiologic perspective. Annals of Periodontology, 6(1), 99-112.
  • Tonetti, M. S., Greenwell, H., & Kornman, K. S. (2018). Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. Journal of Periodontology, 89, S159-S172.
  • Van Dyke, T. E., & Dave, S. (2005). Risk factors for periodontitis. Journal of the International Academy of Periodontology, 7(1), 3.
  • van Woudenbergh, G. J., Theofylaktopoulou, D., Kuijsten, A., Ferreira, I., van Greevenbroek, M. M., van der Kallen, C. J., Schalkwijk, C. G., Stehouwer, C. D. A, Ocké, M. C., Nijpels, G., Dekker, J. M., Blaak, E.E., Feskens E. J. M. (2013). Adapted dietary inflammatory index and its association with a summary score for low-grade inflammation and markers of glucose metabolism: the Cohort study on Diabetes and Atherosclerosis Maastricht (CODAM) and the Hoorn study. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 98(6), 1533-1542.
  • Vijayalakshmi, R., Thamaraiselvan, J. M., Srinivasan, S., & Kumari, B. N. (2020). Obesity and periodontal disease–An overview. IP International Journal of Periodontology and Implantology, 5(1), 1-5.
  • Vogtmann, E., Graubard, B., Loftfield, E., Chaturvedi, A., Dye, B. A., Abnet, C. C., & Freedman, N. D. (2017). Contemporary impact of tobacco use on periodontal disease in the USA. Tobacco Control, 26(2), 237-238.
  • World Health Organization, Guideline:sugars intake for adults and childeren:World Health Organization,2015
  • Woelber, J. P., Bremer, K., Vach, K., König, D., Hellwig, E., Ratka-Krüger, P., Al-Ahmad, A., Tennert, C. (2017). An oral health optimized diet can reduce gingival and periodontal inflammation in humans-a randomized controlled pilot study. BMC oral health, 17(1), 1-8.
  • Xu, W., Zhou, W., Wang, H., & Liang, S. (2020). Roles of Porphyromonas gingivalis and its virulence factors in periodontitis. Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology, 120, 45-84.
  • Yoshie, H., Kobayashi, T., Tai, H., & Galicia, J. C. (2007). The role of genetic polymorphisms in periodontitis. Periodontology 2000, 43(1), 102-132.
  • Zacarias, J. M. V., de Alencar, J. B., Tsuneto, P. Y., Souza, V. H. d., Silva, C. O., Visentainer, J. E. L., & Sell, A. M. (2019). The influence of TLR4, CD14, OPG, and RANKL polymorphisms in periodontitis: a case-control study. Mediators of Inflammation, 2019.
  • Zhang, S., Crivello, A., Offenbacher, S., Moretti, A., Paquette, D. W., & Barros, S. P. (2010). Interferon‐gamma promoter hypomethylation and increased expression in chronic periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 37(11), 953-961.
  • Zhu, W., & Lee, S.-W. (2016). Surface interactions between two of the main periodontal pathogens: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia. Journal of periodontal & implant science, 46(1), 2-9.
  • Zong, G., Holtfreter, B., Scott, A. E., Völzke, H., Petersmann, A., Dietrich, T., Newson, R. S., Kocher, T. (2016). Serum vitamin B12 is inversely associated with periodontal progression and risk of tooth loss: a prospective cohort study. Journal of clinical periodontology, 43(1), 2-9.
Toplam 131 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Tuba Ustaoğlu 0000-0003-1137-0368

Deniz Mıhçıoğlu 0000-0003-2355-8026

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 26 Aralık 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Ustaoğlu, T., & Mıhçıoğlu, D. (2023). Periodontal Hastalıklar: Başlıca Risk Faktörleri. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(3), 501-512. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1296178
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