Abstract
Doğum, kadınların yönetmek zorunda olduğu fizyolojik ve psikolojik bir süreçtir. Doğum ağrısı yeni bir bebeği dünyaya getirmeye aracılık ettiği için diğer ağrı türlerinden ayrılan benzersiz bir yaşam deneyimidir. Doğum ağrısı doğum sırasında oluşan duyusal uyaranların etkili olduğu, karmaşık, subjektif ve çok boyutlu bir yanıttır. Ayrıca doğum ağrısı kan basıncını, oksijen tüketimini ve ketokalamin düzeyini arttırdığı için uterusun kanlanmasını ve doğumun ilerlemesini engelleyebileceği için doğum sürecini olumsuz etkileyecektir. Bununla birlikte, doğum ağrısının yönetimi bu olumsuz etkileri en aza indirebilir.
Doğum ağrısının yönetimi farmakolojik ve farmakolojik olmayan yaklaşımları içermektedir.
Opioidler ve epidural analjezi doğum ağrısının yönetiminde kullanılan en popüler ve etkili farmakolojik yöntemlerdir, ancak doğumun ilerlemesini etkileyebilir, aletli doğum ve sezaryen riskini ve yenidoğan solunum depresyonu riskinin artırabilir. Fakat farmakolojik olmayan yaklaşımların kullanılması, doğum ağrısının ve doğum sırasında analjezik tüketiminin azaltılmasında etkilidir. Ayrıca, farmakolojik olmayan yaklaşımlar yan etkileri olmayan, anne memnuniyetini arttıran, diğer obstetrik ve neonatal sonuçlarda iyileşme ile ilişkili basit ve etkili tekniklerdir.
Masaj, vücudun yumuşak dokularının manipülasyonunu içermektedir. Genellikle gergin kasları gevşetmeye yardımcı olmak, bireyi yatıştırmak ve sakinleştirmek için kullanılmaktadır. Masaj, bireyin gevşemesine yardımcı olarak, ağrı yollarındaki duyusal iletimi engelleyerek veya kan akışını ve dokuların oksijenlenmesini iyileştirerek ağrıyı hafifletmeye yardımcı olmaktadır. Masaj terapisi derin doku masajı, İsveç masajı, nöromüsküler masaj veya shiatsu gibi belirli fiziksel teknikleri veya manuel terapiyi içerebildiği gibi basınç uygulayan ya da titreşim yaratan aletlerle yapılan mekanik masaj tekniklerini içermektedir. Doğumda uygulanan manuel masajlar algılanan doğum ağrısını azaltmakta, doğumun süresini kısaltmakta, doğum sonu maternal depresyon riskini azaltmakta ve doğum memnuniyetlerini arttırmaktadır. Doğumda mekanik masaj uygulamalarını araştıran sınırlı sayıda çalışma mevcut olsa da sonuçlar doğum ağrısını azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Doğum sırasında ağrıyı yönetmek için farklı kadınlara farklı masaj teknikleri uygulanmaktadır. Doğum sırasında uygulanacak masaj tekniğine, masaj yoğunluğuna, masaj süresine ve masaj bölgesine kadın karar vermelidir. Doğum ağrısının yönetiminde masaj kullanılacaksa kadının istediği teknikle masaj yapmak kadının doğuma uyumunu arttırarak algılanan ağrı seviyesini azaltmaktadır. Kadının tensel teması sevip sevmeme durumuna göre uygun masaj tekniği belirlenmeli ve masaj kadın için özelleştirilmelidir.
References
- Akköz Çevik, S., & Karaduman, S. (2020). The effect of sacral massage on labor pain and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Jpn J Nurs Sci., 17(1),e12272. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12272
- Biana, C.B., Cecagno, D., Porto, A.R., Cecagno, S., Marques. V.A., & Soares, M.C.(2021). Non-pharmacological therapies applied in pregnancy and labor: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP., 16(55),e03681. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019019703681
- Blitz, B., Dinnerstein, A., & Lowenthal, M. (1964). Attenuation of experimental pain by tactile stimulation: effect of vibration at different levels of noxious stimulus intensity. Percept Mot Skills, 19: 311-316.
- Bolbol-Haghighi, N., Masoumi, S.Z., & Kazemi, F. (2016). Effect of massage therapy on duration of labour: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10,12-15
- Braverman, D.L., & Schulman, R.A. (1999). Massage techniques in rehabilitation medicine. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am., 10(3), 631-649.
- Dahlin, L., Lund, I., Lundeberg, T., & Molander, C. (2006). Vibratory stimulation increase the electro-cutaneous sensory detection and pain thresholds in women but not in men. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6,1-6.
- Dubey, S., & Lata, S. (2017). Self-Comforting techniques and nonpharmacologic methods to relieve pain during labor. International Journal of Science and Research, 6:,1594-1599.
- Ernst E. The safety of massage therapy. Rheumatology, 2003,42:1101–1106.
- Field, T., Hernandez-Rkf, H., Taylor, S., Quintino, O., & Bumran, I. (1997). Labor pain is reduced by massage therapy. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol, 18, 286-291.
- Gallo, R.B.S., Santana, L.S., Ferreira, C.H.J., Marcolin, A.C., PoliNeto, O.B., Duarte, G., & Quintana, S.M. (2013). Massage reduced severity of pain during labour: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 59,109-116.
- Goats, G.C. (1994) Massage-the scientific basis of an ancient art: Part 1. The techniques. Br J Sports Med., 28(3),149-52. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.3.149
- Gönenç, İ.M., & Terzioğlu, F. (2012). Doğum ağrısının yönetiminde kullanılan masaj ve akupressürün gebelerin anksiyete düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1,129-143.
- Gönenç, İ.M., & Terzioğlu, F. (2020). Effects of massage and acupressure on relieving labor pain, reducing labor time, and ıncreasing delivery satisfaction. The Journal of Nursing Research, 28,1-9.
- Hosseini, E., Asadi, N. & Zareei, F. (2013). Effect of massage terapy on labor progress and plasma levels of cortisol in the active stage of first labor. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 15(9), 35-8.
- Janssen, P., Shroff, F., & Jaspar, P. (2012). Massage therapy and labor outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork, 5,15-20.
- Kaçar, N. (2016). Mekanik masaj ile sıcak mekanik masaj uygulamasının algılanan doğum ağrısı ve doğum deneyimine etkisinin karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi).
- Kara, E., & Ünver, G. (2019).Masaj ve toparlanmaya etkileri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 28-49.
- Karami, N.K., Safarzadeh, A., & Fathizadeh, N. (2007). Effect of massage therapy on severity of pain and outcome of labor in primipara. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 12, 6-9.
- Kaviani, M., Gholami, Z., Azima, S., Abbasnia, K., & Rajaifard, A. (2011).The comprasion of superficial and vibration massages on backache during labor in primiparous women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 14,45-50.
- Khoirunnisa, F.N., Indrianingrum, I., & Tristanti, I. (2019). The effectiveness of circular hip massage and knee press massage toward ıntensity change of labor pain. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 15(1),44-52.
- Kim, S.K., Min, A., Jeon, C., Kim, T., Cho, S., Lee, S.C., & Lee, C.K. (2020). Clinical outcomes and cost-eff ectiveness of massage chair therapy versus basic physiotherapy in lower back pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 99(12):e19514. doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000019514
- Klaikham, T., Yusamran, C., Thananowan, N., Phahuwatanakorn, W. (2013). Effects of massage and hot compress on labor pain and pain coping behavior in primigravidas. J Nurs Sci, 31,38-47.
- Kömürcü, N., Ergin Berkiten, A., Çalışkan, E., Buckley, S.J., Yeşilçiçek Çalık, K., Çoker, H., & Karabekir, N.(2014). Doğum ağrısının kontrolünde nonfarmakolojik yöntemler [in:] Kömürcü, N. (ed), Doğum ağrısı ve yönetimi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul, 70.
- Madenci, E. (2007). Klasik masaj. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg., 53,58-61. MEB, Güzellik ve Saç Bakım Hizmetleri, Klasik Masaj Teknikleri. (2011). http://www.megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program_modul/modulle r_pdf/Klasik%20Masaj%20Teknikleri.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023
- Moayedi, M., & Davis, K.D. (2013).Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. J Neurophysiol, 2 109, 5-12.
- Moghimi-Hanjini, S., Mehdizadeh-Tourzani, Z., & Shoghi, M. (2015).The effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain, and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. Acta Med Iran,53(8),507-11.
- Mohamed, M.A., & El Bigawy, A.F. (2017). Effect of back massage and relaxation training on the act of labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 10, 243-252.
- Murtiningsih, M., & Shintya, T. (2018). Difference effect of the combination of lavender aromatherapy and effluerage with breathing relaxation on pain ıntensity during labor among primiparas. Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health,1(1), 144-159. doi: 10.36780/jmcrh.v1i1
- Newhart, S., Pearson, A., Salas, E., Jones, C., Hulla, R., & Gatchel, R.J. (2019). Whole body vibration: potential benefits in the management of pain and physical function. Practical Pain Management, 1,1-12.
- Ranjbaran, M., Khorsandi, M., Matourypour, P., & Shamsi, M. (2017). Effect of massage therapy on labor pain reduction in primiparouswomen: a systematic review and 120 meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in ıran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 28,257-261.
- Rathfisch, G. (2012). Doğal doğum felsefesi milyonlarca yıldır gerçekleşen serüven. 1. Baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul. Rauch, F. (2009) Vibration therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 166-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 8749.2009.03418.x
- Sadat, H.Z., Forugh, F., Maryam, H., Nosratollah, M.N., & Hosein, S. (2016). The impact of manual massage on intensity and duration of pain at first phase of labor in primigravid women. International Journal of Medicine Research, 1,16-18.
- Sade, G. (2020). Doğumda uygulanan kontrollü masajın doğum ağrısı ve süresi ile anne memnuniyetine etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktor tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi).
- Simkin, P., & Bolding, A. (2004). Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 49,489- 504.
- Sinha, A.G. (2021). Principles and practice of therapeutic massage. Taghinejad, H., Delpisheh, A., & Suhrabi, Z. (2010). Comparison between massage and music therapies to relieve the severity of labor pain. Women's Health, 6,377–381.
- Tuna, N. (1997). A’dan Z’ye masaj. İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.
- Türkmen, H., & Oran, N.T. (2021). Massage and heat application on labor pain and comfort: A quasi-randomized controlled experimental study. Explore (NY), 17(5),438-445. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.08.002
- Uher, I., Pasterczyk, A., Bigosińska, M., & Švedová, M. (2018). Vibration therapy and ıts ınfluence on health. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 6,5499-5502.
- Wang, W., Wang, S., Lin, W., Li, X., Andersen, L.L., & Wang, Y. (2020). Efficacy of whole body vibration therapy on pain and functional ability in people with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20,2-12.
- Yanti, A., & Mardiyana, R. (2017). Effect of effleurage techniques to ıntensity pain on delivering baby at 1st period active phase of mothers delivering baby in Bpm Hj.Ninik Artingsih.,sst.M.Kes Blooto District Mojokerto. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science,1(2), 104-110. doi: 10. 29082/ IJNMS/ 2017/ Vol1/Iss2/50
- Zhong, H., Eungpinichpong ,W., Wang, X., Chatchawan, U., Wanpen, S., & Buranruk, O. (2018). Effects of mechanical-bed massage on exercise-induced back fatigue in athletes. J Phys Ther Sci., 30(3),365-372. doi: 10.1589/jpts
- Zhong, H., Wang, C., Wan, Z., & Lei, J. (2019). The techniques of manual massage and its application on exercise-induced fatigue: a literature review. Frontiers in Sport Research, 1(1), 43-50,. doi: 10.25236/FSST.080107
- Zhou, L., Feng ,Z., Cai, Z., Yang, X., Ai, C., & Shao, H.(2022). A Massage area positioning algorithm for ıntelligent massage system. Comput Intell Neurosci., 4,2022:7678516. doi: 10.1155/2022/7678516
Abstract
Childbirth is a physiological and psychological process that women have to manage. Birth pain is a unique life experience that differs from other types of pain as it mediates the birth of a new baby. Labor pain is a complex, subjective and multidimensional response that is influenced by the sensory stimuli that occur during birth. In addition, as labor pain increases blood pressure, oxygen consumption and ketocalamine level, it will negatively affect the birth process as it may prevent the blood supply of the uterus and the progress of labor. However, the management of labor pain can minimize these adverse effects.
Management of labor pain includes pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches.
Opioids and epidural analgesia are the most popular and effective pharmacological modalities used in the management of labor pain, but may affect the progression of labor, increase the risk of device delivery and cesarean section, and neonatal respiratory depression. However, the use of non-pharmacological approaches is effective in reducing labor pain and analgesic consumption during labor. In addition, non-pharmacological approaches are simple and effective techniques that do not have side effects, increase maternal satisfaction, and are associated with improved other obstetric and neonatal outcomes.
Massage involves manipulation of the soft tissues of the body. It is generally used to help relax tense muscles, to soothe and calm the individual. Massage helps relieve pain by helping the individual relax, blocking sensory transmission in pain pathways, or improving blood flow and oxygenation of tissues. Massage therapy can include certain physical techniques such as deep tissue massage, Swedish massage, neuromuscular massage or shiatsu, or manual therapy, as well as mechanical massage techniques with instruments that apply pressure or create vibrations. Manual massages applied at birth reduce perceived labor pain, shorten the duration of labor, reduce the risk of postpartum maternal depression and increase birth satisfaction. Although there are a limited number of studies investigating mechanical massage applications in labor, the results show that it is effective in reducing labor pain. Different massage techniques are applied to different women to manage pain during childbirth. The woman should decide on the massage technique, massage intensity, massage duration and massage area to be applied during childbirth. If massage is to be used in the management of labor pain, massaging with the technique desired by the woman increases the woman's adaptation to labor and reduces the perceived pain level. Appropriate massage technique should be determined according to the woman's liking for sensual contact or not, and the massage should be customized for the woman.
Keywords
References
- Akköz Çevik, S., & Karaduman, S. (2020). The effect of sacral massage on labor pain and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Jpn J Nurs Sci., 17(1),e12272. doi: 10.1111/jjns.12272
- Biana, C.B., Cecagno, D., Porto, A.R., Cecagno, S., Marques. V.A., & Soares, M.C.(2021). Non-pharmacological therapies applied in pregnancy and labor: an integrative review. Rev Esc Enferm USP., 16(55),e03681. doi: 10.1590/S1980-220X2019019703681
- Blitz, B., Dinnerstein, A., & Lowenthal, M. (1964). Attenuation of experimental pain by tactile stimulation: effect of vibration at different levels of noxious stimulus intensity. Percept Mot Skills, 19: 311-316.
- Bolbol-Haghighi, N., Masoumi, S.Z., & Kazemi, F. (2016). Effect of massage therapy on duration of labour: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 10,12-15
- Braverman, D.L., & Schulman, R.A. (1999). Massage techniques in rehabilitation medicine. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am., 10(3), 631-649.
- Dahlin, L., Lund, I., Lundeberg, T., & Molander, C. (2006). Vibratory stimulation increase the electro-cutaneous sensory detection and pain thresholds in women but not in men. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6,1-6.
- Dubey, S., & Lata, S. (2017). Self-Comforting techniques and nonpharmacologic methods to relieve pain during labor. International Journal of Science and Research, 6:,1594-1599.
- Ernst E. The safety of massage therapy. Rheumatology, 2003,42:1101–1106.
- Field, T., Hernandez-Rkf, H., Taylor, S., Quintino, O., & Bumran, I. (1997). Labor pain is reduced by massage therapy. J. Psychosom. Obstet. Gynecol, 18, 286-291.
- Gallo, R.B.S., Santana, L.S., Ferreira, C.H.J., Marcolin, A.C., PoliNeto, O.B., Duarte, G., & Quintana, S.M. (2013). Massage reduced severity of pain during labour: a randomised trial. Journal of Physiotherapy, 59,109-116.
- Goats, G.C. (1994) Massage-the scientific basis of an ancient art: Part 1. The techniques. Br J Sports Med., 28(3),149-52. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.28.3.149
- Gönenç, İ.M., & Terzioğlu, F. (2012). Doğum ağrısının yönetiminde kullanılan masaj ve akupressürün gebelerin anksiyete düzeyine etkisi. Ankara Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 1,129-143.
- Gönenç, İ.M., & Terzioğlu, F. (2020). Effects of massage and acupressure on relieving labor pain, reducing labor time, and ıncreasing delivery satisfaction. The Journal of Nursing Research, 28,1-9.
- Hosseini, E., Asadi, N. & Zareei, F. (2013). Effect of massage terapy on labor progress and plasma levels of cortisol in the active stage of first labor. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 15(9), 35-8.
- Janssen, P., Shroff, F., & Jaspar, P. (2012). Massage therapy and labor outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork, 5,15-20.
- Kaçar, N. (2016). Mekanik masaj ile sıcak mekanik masaj uygulamasının algılanan doğum ağrısı ve doğum deneyimine etkisinin karşılaştırılması. (Yayımlanmamış Yüksek lisans tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi).
- Kara, E., & Ünver, G. (2019).Masaj ve toparlanmaya etkileri. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(1), 28-49.
- Karami, N.K., Safarzadeh, A., & Fathizadeh, N. (2007). Effect of massage therapy on severity of pain and outcome of labor in primipara. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 12, 6-9.
- Kaviani, M., Gholami, Z., Azima, S., Abbasnia, K., & Rajaifard, A. (2011).The comprasion of superficial and vibration massages on backache during labor in primiparous women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil, 14,45-50.
- Khoirunnisa, F.N., Indrianingrum, I., & Tristanti, I. (2019). The effectiveness of circular hip massage and knee press massage toward ıntensity change of labor pain. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 15(1),44-52.
- Kim, S.K., Min, A., Jeon, C., Kim, T., Cho, S., Lee, S.C., & Lee, C.K. (2020). Clinical outcomes and cost-eff ectiveness of massage chair therapy versus basic physiotherapy in lower back pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore), 99(12):e19514. doi: 10.1097/ MD.0000000000019514
- Klaikham, T., Yusamran, C., Thananowan, N., Phahuwatanakorn, W. (2013). Effects of massage and hot compress on labor pain and pain coping behavior in primigravidas. J Nurs Sci, 31,38-47.
- Kömürcü, N., Ergin Berkiten, A., Çalışkan, E., Buckley, S.J., Yeşilçiçek Çalık, K., Çoker, H., & Karabekir, N.(2014). Doğum ağrısının kontrolünde nonfarmakolojik yöntemler [in:] Kömürcü, N. (ed), Doğum ağrısı ve yönetimi, Nobel Tıp Kitabevi, İstanbul, 70.
- Madenci, E. (2007). Klasik masaj. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg., 53,58-61. MEB, Güzellik ve Saç Bakım Hizmetleri, Klasik Masaj Teknikleri. (2011). http://www.megep.meb.gov.tr/mte_program_modul/modulle r_pdf/Klasik%20Masaj%20Teknikleri.pdf Erişim Tarihi: 08.03.2023
- Moayedi, M., & Davis, K.D. (2013).Theories of pain: from specificity to gate control. J Neurophysiol, 2 109, 5-12.
- Moghimi-Hanjini, S., Mehdizadeh-Tourzani, Z., & Shoghi, M. (2015).The effect of foot reflexology on anxiety, pain, and outcomes of the labor in primigravida women. Acta Med Iran,53(8),507-11.
- Mohamed, M.A., & El Bigawy, A.F. (2017). Effect of back massage and relaxation training on the act of labor: a randomized controlled clinical trial. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 10, 243-252.
- Murtiningsih, M., & Shintya, T. (2018). Difference effect of the combination of lavender aromatherapy and effluerage with breathing relaxation on pain ıntensity during labor among primiparas. Journal of Maternity Care and Reproductive Health,1(1), 144-159. doi: 10.36780/jmcrh.v1i1
- Newhart, S., Pearson, A., Salas, E., Jones, C., Hulla, R., & Gatchel, R.J. (2019). Whole body vibration: potential benefits in the management of pain and physical function. Practical Pain Management, 1,1-12.
- Ranjbaran, M., Khorsandi, M., Matourypour, P., & Shamsi, M. (2017). Effect of massage therapy on labor pain reduction in primiparouswomen: a systematic review and 120 meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials in ıran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 28,257-261.
- Rathfisch, G. (2012). Doğal doğum felsefesi milyonlarca yıldır gerçekleşen serüven. 1. Baskı. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri, İstanbul. Rauch, F. (2009) Vibration therapy. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51, 166-168. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469- 8749.2009.03418.x
- Sadat, H.Z., Forugh, F., Maryam, H., Nosratollah, M.N., & Hosein, S. (2016). The impact of manual massage on intensity and duration of pain at first phase of labor in primigravid women. International Journal of Medicine Research, 1,16-18.
- Sade, G. (2020). Doğumda uygulanan kontrollü masajın doğum ağrısı ve süresi ile anne memnuniyetine etkisi. (Yayımlanmamış Doktor tezi, Atatürk Üniversitesi).
- Simkin, P., & Bolding, A. (2004). Update on nonpharmacologic approaches to relieve labor pain and prevent suffering. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 49,489- 504.
- Sinha, A.G. (2021). Principles and practice of therapeutic massage. Taghinejad, H., Delpisheh, A., & Suhrabi, Z. (2010). Comparison between massage and music therapies to relieve the severity of labor pain. Women's Health, 6,377–381.
- Tuna, N. (1997). A’dan Z’ye masaj. İstanbul, Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.
- Türkmen, H., & Oran, N.T. (2021). Massage and heat application on labor pain and comfort: A quasi-randomized controlled experimental study. Explore (NY), 17(5),438-445. doi:10.1016/j.explore.2020.08.002
- Uher, I., Pasterczyk, A., Bigosińska, M., & Švedová, M. (2018). Vibration therapy and ıts ınfluence on health. Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research, 6,5499-5502.
- Wang, W., Wang, S., Lin, W., Li, X., Andersen, L.L., & Wang, Y. (2020). Efficacy of whole body vibration therapy on pain and functional ability in people with non-specific low back pain: a systematic review. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 20,2-12.
- Yanti, A., & Mardiyana, R. (2017). Effect of effleurage techniques to ıntensity pain on delivering baby at 1st period active phase of mothers delivering baby in Bpm Hj.Ninik Artingsih.,sst.M.Kes Blooto District Mojokerto. International Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science,1(2), 104-110. doi: 10. 29082/ IJNMS/ 2017/ Vol1/Iss2/50
- Zhong, H., Eungpinichpong ,W., Wang, X., Chatchawan, U., Wanpen, S., & Buranruk, O. (2018). Effects of mechanical-bed massage on exercise-induced back fatigue in athletes. J Phys Ther Sci., 30(3),365-372. doi: 10.1589/jpts
- Zhong, H., Wang, C., Wan, Z., & Lei, J. (2019). The techniques of manual massage and its application on exercise-induced fatigue: a literature review. Frontiers in Sport Research, 1(1), 43-50,. doi: 10.25236/FSST.080107
- Zhou, L., Feng ,Z., Cai, Z., Yang, X., Ai, C., & Shao, H.(2022). A Massage area positioning algorithm for ıntelligent massage system. Comput Intell Neurosci., 4,2022:7678516. doi: 10.1155/2022/7678516
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | August 31, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 |
