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Doğum Ağrısı Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulaması Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Literatür İncelemesi

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 250 - 256, 31.08.2024

Nilüfer Topkara , Elif Dağlı , Feyza Aktaş Reyhan

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1322429

Abstract

Doğum ağrısı, kadınlar için neredeyse evrensel bir deneyim olmakla birlikte, bu ağrının eşiği bireyler arasında değişiklik göstermektedir. Ağrı sonunda annenin bebeğine kavuşacak olduğunu bilmesi doğum ağrısını, diğer ağrı türlerinden farklı kılsa da, doğum ağrısı; annenin fiziksel ve mental sağlığını, çocuğuyla arasındaki duygusal ilişkisini, gelecekteki doğumlarla ilgili duygu ve düşüncelerini, doğum doyumunu ve konforunu etkileyebilmektedir. Bu nedenle doğum ağrısının yönetimi hem tıbbi hem de insani olarak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Doğum ağrısını yönetmek için kullanılan non-farmakolojik ve tamamlayıcı yöntemlerle birlikte, bu alanda yeni teknolojik uygulamalar da kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Sanal gerçeklik de bu yeni teknolojik uygulamalardan biridir. Sanal gerçeklik uygulaması, bilgisayarları veya diğer cihazları kullanarak katılımcıların dikkatini gerçek dünyadan uzaklaştırarak ağrı algısını azaltan gerçekliği simüle eden bir ortama bağlayan yeni bir teknoloji olup, doğum ağrısıyla baş edilmesinde de kullanılan bir yöntemdir. Literatürde sanal gerçeklik uygulamasının; normal doğum sırasında doğum ağrısı ve kaygıyı azalttığını gösteren çok sayıda randomize kontrollü çalışma mevcuttur. Bu derleme çalışması; Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed arama motorlarında güncel literatür taraması yapılarak, normal doğum sırasında sanal gerçeklik uygulamasının doğum ağrısının yönetimi üzerine etkisini incelemek amacıyla yazılmıştır.

Keywords

Sanal gerçeklik Doğum Doğum Ağrısı Analjezi.

References

  • Abazari, F., Pouraboli, B., Tavakoli, P., Aflatoonian, M., & Kohan, M. (2017). Anxiety and Its Relationship with Maternal Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women in Southeast of Iran. i-Manager's Journal on Nursing, 7(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.7.3.13788.
  • Ahmadpour, N., Keep, M., Janssen, A., Rouf, A. S., & Marthick, M. (2020). Design strategies for virtual reality interventions for managing pain and anxiety in children and adolescents: scoping review. JMIR serious games, 8(1), e14565. https:// doi.org/10.2196/14565.
  • Ahmadpour, N., Randall, H., Choksi, H., Gao, A., Vaughan, C., & Poronnik, P. (2019). Virtual Reality interventions for acute and chronic pain management. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 114, 105568.
  • Akin, B., Yilmaz Kocak, M., Küçükaydın, Z., & Güzel, K. (2021). The effect of showing images of the foetus with the virtual reality glass during labour process on labour pain, birth perception and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(15-16), 2301-2308. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15768.
  • Aminabadi, N. A., Erfanparast, L., Sohrabi, A., Oskouei, S. G., & Naghili, A. (2012). The impact of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 4-6 year-old children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, 6(4), 117. https:// doi.org/10.5681/joddd.2012.025.
  • Aran, O. T., Şahin, S., Torpil, B., Demirok, T., & Kayihan, H. L. (2017). Virtual reality and occupational therapy. Occupational therapy-occupation focused holistic practice in rehabilitation, 2017181. Bilgin, Z., & Ceylan, G. (2023). Doğum ağrısının yönetiminde non-farmakolojik yöntemler: Sistematik derleme. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(1), 12-21.
  • Bolbol, H. N., Shayan, A., Kazemı, F., & Masoumı, S. Z. (2017). The Effect Of Using Birth Ball On maternal and neonatal outcomes: a randomized clinical trial.
  • Cho, C., Hwang, W., Hwang, S., & Chung, Y. (2016). Treadmill training with virtual reality improves gait, balance, and muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 238(3), 213-218.
  • Cowles, S. D., Norton, T., Quiner, T., Hannaford, K., & Foley, M. (2019). 806: Virtual reality may decrease pain during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 220(1), S527-S528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.829.
  • Dargahı, R., Ghazı, A., Hashemı, P. F., & Amanı, F. (2018). A Comparatıve Study About The Effıcacy Of Entonox Gas Analegesıa Alone And In Combınatıon Wıth Dexamethasone In Paınless Labor.
  • Ebrahimian, A., Bilandi, R. R., Bilandī, M. R. R., & Sabzeh, Z. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 49.
  • El Sharkawy, T. A. E. W., Mohamed Abd-El Hady, R., Abdelhaliem Said, S., Abdel-Wahab Afifi Araby, O., & Taha Ahmed Abou-Elazab, R. (2022). Efficacy of Virtual Reality Application as a Distraction for Primiparity Women at 1st stage of Labor on Pain and Anxiety Control. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(1), 1267-1284.
  • El-Sakhawy, H. A., Abodonya, A. M., Abdelbasset, W. K., & El-Sakhawy, M. A. (2021). An Overview of Labor Pain: Components and Stages of the Labor Process. https://dx.doi.org/10.21103/Article11(3)_BR.
  • Gür, E. Y., & Apay, S. E. (2020). The effect of cognitive behavioral techniques using virtual reality on birth pain: a randomized controlled trial. Midwifery, 91, 102856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102856.
  • Hassan Ahmed, A., I Hassan, S., Elsayed Mohammed, H., & Zaki Hassan Roma, N. (2023). Effect of Virtual Reality on Labor Pain intensity, Duration of the first stage, Anxiety and Satisfaction levels among Primigravidae. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 14(4), 33-46
  • Heidaryfard, S., Amir Ali Akbari, S., Mojab, F., & Shakeri, N. (2015). Effect of Matricaria Camomilla aroma on severity of first stage labor pain. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 4(3).
  • Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Seibel, E., Soltani, M., Jewett-Leahy, L., & Sharar, S. R. (2008). Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank. The Clinical journal of pain, 24(4), 299-304. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318164d2cc.
  • Hoshmandi, S., Dolatian, M., Kamalifard, M., & Gojazadeh, M. (2012). Comparison of labor pain and factors affecting the pain perception among primiparous and multiparous women referring to women’s private and state hospitals in Tabriz in 2010. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 34(3), 117-121.
  • Hosseini Tabaghdehi, M., Kolahdozan, S., Keramat, A., Shahhossein, Z., Moosazadeh, M., & Motaghi, Z. (2020). Prevalence and factors affecting the negative childbirth experiences: a systematic review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(22), 3849-3856. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1583740.
  • Hussein, D. E. S., El-Sheikh, M. A., Mohamed, R., Hady, A. E., El-Wahab, O. A., & Araby, A. (2022). Usability of Virtual Reality for Alleviating Pain and Anxiety for Primiparity Women during 1st Stage of Labor and its Reflection on Labor Outcomes. Jnsbu. Journals. Ekb. Eg, 3.
  • Jones, L., Othman, M., Dowswell, T., Alfirevic, Z., Gates, S., Newburn, M., ... & Neilson, J. P. (2012). Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2.
  • Kamal Helmy, H., A Baraia, Z., Kamal Masoud, H., & Soliman Ahmed, S. (2022). Effect of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain intensity and anxiety level: A Comparative Study. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(2), 1923-1935.
  • Karacan, E., & Akköz Çevik, S. (2023). Normal Vajinal Doğum Yapan Gebelerde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Doğum Eylemi ve Doğum Memnuniyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 6(1).
  • Khaskheli, M., & Baloch, S. (2010). Subjective pain perceptions during labour and its management. J Pak Med Assoc, 60(6), 473-6.
  • Labor, S., & Maguire, S. (2008). The pain of labour. Reviews in pain, 2(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/204946370800200205.
  • Li, L., Yu, F., Shi, D., Shi, J., Tian, Z., Yang, J., ... & Jiang, Q. (2017). Application of virtual reality technology in clinical medicine. American journal of translational research, 9(9), 3867.
  • Linowes, J. (2020). Unity 2020 Virtual Reality Projects: Learn VR development by building immersive applications and games with Unity 2019.4 and later versions. Packt Publishing Ltd.
  • Massov, L., Robinson, B., Rodriguez‐Ramirez, E., & Maude, R. (20232). Virtual reality is beneficial in decreasing pain in labouring women: A preliminary study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13591.
  • Mazoni, S. R., Carvalho, E. C. D., & Santos, C. B. D. (2013). Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis labor pain. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 21, 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692013000700012. McLaughlin, N., & Lyons, P. (2020). Obstetrics in Family Medicine, 3rd.
  • Mete, S., Çiçek, Ö., & Uludağ, E. (2016). Doğum ağrısı ve anksiyete arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(3), 101-104.
  • Mohammadi, H., Rasti, J., & Ebrahimi, E. (2023). Virtual Reality, Fear of Pain and Labor Pain Intensity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 13(1).
  • Momenyan, N., Safaei, A. A., & Hantoushzadeh, S. (2021). Immersive virtual reality analgesia in un-medicated laboring women (during stage 1 and 2): a randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 48(1), 110-116. https://doi.org/ http://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog.2021.01.2116.
  • Moralar, D. G., Türkmen, Ü. A., & Altan, A. (2011). Doğum analjezisi. Ok Meydanı Tıp Dergisi, 27(1), 5-11.
  • Mousa, O., Abdelhafez, A. A., Abdelraheim, A. R., Yousef, A. M., Ghaney, A. A., & El Gelany, S. (2018). Perceptions and practice of labor pain-relief methods among health professionals conducting delivery in minia maternity units in Egypt. Obstetrics and gynecology international, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3060953.
  • Neels, H., De Wachter, S., Wyndaele, J. J., Wyndaele, M., & Vermandel, A. (2017). Does pelvic floor muscle contraction early after delivery cause perineal pain in postpartum women?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 208, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.11.009.
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., ... & Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7.
  • Noe, C. E. (2020). Pain Management for Clinicians, 1st, Springer, Switzerland, p; 88.
  • Origoni, M., Leone Roberti Maggiore, U., Salvatore, S., & Candiani, M. (2014). Neurobiological mechanisms of pelvic pain. BioMed research international, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/903848.
  • Osman, S. A., Elsayed, H. F., & El-Gawad, N. E. F. The Effect of Applying Virtual Reality among Laboring Women during First Stage of Labor.
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A Literature Review on The Use of Virtual Reality Application In Labor Pain Management During Normal Childbirth

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 250 - 256, 31.08.2024

Nilüfer Topkara , Elif Dağlı , Feyza Aktaş Reyhan

https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1322429

Abstract

While labor pain is an almost universal experience for women, the threshold for this pain varies between individuals. Although labor pain makes pain different from other types of pain because the mother knows that she will eventually have her baby, labor pain can affect the physical and mental health of the mother, the emotional relationship between her child, her feelings and thoughts about future births, the satisfaction and comfort of childbirth. Therefore, the management of labor pain is of great importance, both medically and humanely. Along with the non-pharmacological and complementary methods used to manage labor pain, new technological applications have also begun to be used in this field. Virtual reality is one of these new technological applications. Virtual reality application is a new technology that uses computers or other devices to distract participants from the real world and connects them to an environment that simulates reality, which reduces the perception of pain, and is also a method used in dealing with labor pain. There are many randomized controlled trials in the literatüre that show that virtual reality application reduces labor pain and anxiety during normal childbirth. This review; It was written to examine the effect of virtual reality application on the management of labor pain during normal childbirth by searching the current literature in Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Medline/PubMed search engines.

Keywords

Virtual reality Childbirth Labor pain Analgesia.

References

  • Abazari, F., Pouraboli, B., Tavakoli, P., Aflatoonian, M., & Kohan, M. (2017). Anxiety and Its Relationship with Maternal Fetal Attachment in Pregnant Women in Southeast of Iran. i-Manager's Journal on Nursing, 7(3), 16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jnur.7.3.13788.
  • Ahmadpour, N., Keep, M., Janssen, A., Rouf, A. S., & Marthick, M. (2020). Design strategies for virtual reality interventions for managing pain and anxiety in children and adolescents: scoping review. JMIR serious games, 8(1), e14565. https:// doi.org/10.2196/14565.
  • Ahmadpour, N., Randall, H., Choksi, H., Gao, A., Vaughan, C., & Poronnik, P. (2019). Virtual Reality interventions for acute and chronic pain management. The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology, 114, 105568.
  • Akin, B., Yilmaz Kocak, M., Küçükaydın, Z., & Güzel, K. (2021). The effect of showing images of the foetus with the virtual reality glass during labour process on labour pain, birth perception and anxiety. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(15-16), 2301-2308. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15768.
  • Aminabadi, N. A., Erfanparast, L., Sohrabi, A., Oskouei, S. G., & Naghili, A. (2012). The impact of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety during dental treatment in 4-6 year-old children: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects, 6(4), 117. https:// doi.org/10.5681/joddd.2012.025.
  • Aran, O. T., Şahin, S., Torpil, B., Demirok, T., & Kayihan, H. L. (2017). Virtual reality and occupational therapy. Occupational therapy-occupation focused holistic practice in rehabilitation, 2017181. Bilgin, Z., & Ceylan, G. (2023). Doğum ağrısının yönetiminde non-farmakolojik yöntemler: Sistematik derleme. Kadın Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(1), 12-21.
  • Bolbol, H. N., Shayan, A., Kazemı, F., & Masoumı, S. Z. (2017). The Effect Of Using Birth Ball On maternal and neonatal outcomes: a randomized clinical trial.
  • Cho, C., Hwang, W., Hwang, S., & Chung, Y. (2016). Treadmill training with virtual reality improves gait, balance, and muscle strength in children with cerebral palsy. The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine, 238(3), 213-218.
  • Cowles, S. D., Norton, T., Quiner, T., Hannaford, K., & Foley, M. (2019). 806: Virtual reality may decrease pain during labor. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 220(1), S527-S528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.11.829.
  • Dargahı, R., Ghazı, A., Hashemı, P. F., & Amanı, F. (2018). A Comparatıve Study About The Effıcacy Of Entonox Gas Analegesıa Alone And In Combınatıon Wıth Dexamethasone In Paınless Labor.
  • Ebrahimian, A., Bilandi, R. R., Bilandī, M. R. R., & Sabzeh, Z. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain and anxiety: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 49.
  • El Sharkawy, T. A. E. W., Mohamed Abd-El Hady, R., Abdelhaliem Said, S., Abdel-Wahab Afifi Araby, O., & Taha Ahmed Abou-Elazab, R. (2022). Efficacy of Virtual Reality Application as a Distraction for Primiparity Women at 1st stage of Labor on Pain and Anxiety Control. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(1), 1267-1284.
  • El-Sakhawy, H. A., Abodonya, A. M., Abdelbasset, W. K., & El-Sakhawy, M. A. (2021). An Overview of Labor Pain: Components and Stages of the Labor Process. https://dx.doi.org/10.21103/Article11(3)_BR.
  • Gür, E. Y., & Apay, S. E. (2020). The effect of cognitive behavioral techniques using virtual reality on birth pain: a randomized controlled trial. Midwifery, 91, 102856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2020.102856.
  • Hassan Ahmed, A., I Hassan, S., Elsayed Mohammed, H., & Zaki Hassan Roma, N. (2023). Effect of Virtual Reality on Labor Pain intensity, Duration of the first stage, Anxiety and Satisfaction levels among Primigravidae. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 14(4), 33-46
  • Heidaryfard, S., Amir Ali Akbari, S., Mojab, F., & Shakeri, N. (2015). Effect of Matricaria Camomilla aroma on severity of first stage labor pain. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 4(3).
  • Hoffman, H. G., Patterson, D. R., Seibel, E., Soltani, M., Jewett-Leahy, L., & Sharar, S. R. (2008). Virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank. The Clinical journal of pain, 24(4), 299-304. https://doi.org/ 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318164d2cc.
  • Hoshmandi, S., Dolatian, M., Kamalifard, M., & Gojazadeh, M. (2012). Comparison of labor pain and factors affecting the pain perception among primiparous and multiparous women referring to women’s private and state hospitals in Tabriz in 2010. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 34(3), 117-121.
  • Hosseini Tabaghdehi, M., Kolahdozan, S., Keramat, A., Shahhossein, Z., Moosazadeh, M., & Motaghi, Z. (2020). Prevalence and factors affecting the negative childbirth experiences: a systematic review. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 33(22), 3849-3856. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767058.2019.1583740.
  • Hussein, D. E. S., El-Sheikh, M. A., Mohamed, R., Hady, A. E., El-Wahab, O. A., & Araby, A. (2022). Usability of Virtual Reality for Alleviating Pain and Anxiety for Primiparity Women during 1st Stage of Labor and its Reflection on Labor Outcomes. Jnsbu. Journals. Ekb. Eg, 3.
  • Jones, L., Othman, M., Dowswell, T., Alfirevic, Z., Gates, S., Newburn, M., ... & Neilson, J. P. (2012). Pain management for women in labour: an overview of systematic reviews. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (3). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD009234.pub2.
  • Kamal Helmy, H., A Baraia, Z., Kamal Masoud, H., & Soliman Ahmed, S. (2022). Effect of virtual reality and chewing mint gum on labor pain intensity and anxiety level: A Comparative Study. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 13(2), 1923-1935.
  • Karacan, E., & Akköz Çevik, S. (2023). Normal Vajinal Doğum Yapan Gebelerde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulamalarının Doğum Eylemi ve Doğum Memnuniyeti Üzerine Etkisi: Sistematik Derleme. Journal of Traditional Medical Complementary Therapies, 6(1).
  • Khaskheli, M., & Baloch, S. (2010). Subjective pain perceptions during labour and its management. J Pak Med Assoc, 60(6), 473-6.
  • Labor, S., & Maguire, S. (2008). The pain of labour. Reviews in pain, 2(2), 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/204946370800200205.
  • Li, L., Yu, F., Shi, D., Shi, J., Tian, Z., Yang, J., ... & Jiang, Q. (2017). Application of virtual reality technology in clinical medicine. American journal of translational research, 9(9), 3867.
  • Linowes, J. (2020). Unity 2020 Virtual Reality Projects: Learn VR development by building immersive applications and games with Unity 2019.4 and later versions. Packt Publishing Ltd.
  • Massov, L., Robinson, B., Rodriguez‐Ramirez, E., & Maude, R. (20232). Virtual reality is beneficial in decreasing pain in labouring women: A preliminary study. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajo.13591.
  • Mazoni, S. R., Carvalho, E. C. D., & Santos, C. B. D. (2013). Clinical validation of the nursing diagnosis labor pain. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 21, 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-11692013000700012. McLaughlin, N., & Lyons, P. (2020). Obstetrics in Family Medicine, 3rd.
  • Mete, S., Çiçek, Ö., & Uludağ, E. (2016). Doğum ağrısı ve anksiyete arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi, 9(3), 101-104.
  • Mohammadi, H., Rasti, J., & Ebrahimi, E. (2023). Virtual Reality, Fear of Pain and Labor Pain Intensity: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 13(1).
  • Momenyan, N., Safaei, A. A., & Hantoushzadeh, S. (2021). Immersive virtual reality analgesia in un-medicated laboring women (during stage 1 and 2): a randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology, 48(1), 110-116. https://doi.org/ http://doi.org/10.31083/j.ceog.2021.01.2116.
  • Moralar, D. G., Türkmen, Ü. A., & Altan, A. (2011). Doğum analjezisi. Ok Meydanı Tıp Dergisi, 27(1), 5-11.
  • Mousa, O., Abdelhafez, A. A., Abdelraheim, A. R., Yousef, A. M., Ghaney, A. A., & El Gelany, S. (2018). Perceptions and practice of labor pain-relief methods among health professionals conducting delivery in minia maternity units in Egypt. Obstetrics and gynecology international, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3060953.
  • Neels, H., De Wachter, S., Wyndaele, J. J., Wyndaele, M., & Vermandel, A. (2017). Does pelvic floor muscle contraction early after delivery cause perineal pain in postpartum women?. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 208, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.11.009.
  • Nilsson, C., Hessman, E., Sjöblom, H., Dencker, A., Jangsten, E., Mollberg, M., ... & Begley, C. (2018). Definitions, measurements and prevalence of fear of childbirth: a systematic review. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 18(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12884-018-1659-7.
  • Noe, C. E. (2020). Pain Management for Clinicians, 1st, Springer, Switzerland, p; 88.
  • Origoni, M., Leone Roberti Maggiore, U., Salvatore, S., & Candiani, M. (2014). Neurobiological mechanisms of pelvic pain. BioMed research international, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/903848.
  • Osman, S. A., Elsayed, H. F., & El-Gawad, N. E. F. The Effect of Applying Virtual Reality among Laboring Women during First Stage of Labor.
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There are 47 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Services and Systems (Other)
Journal Section Review
Authors

Nilüfer Topkara 0000-0001-7646-3456

Elif Dağlı 0000-0002-4608-8904

Feyza Aktaş Reyhan 0000-0002-7927-2361

Early Pub Date August 28, 2024
Publication Date August 31, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Topkara, N., Dağlı, E., & Aktaş Reyhan, F. (2024). Doğum Ağrısı Yönetiminde Sanal Gerçeklik Uygulaması Kullanımına Yönelik Bir Literatür İncelemesi. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 250-256. https://doi.org/10.51754/cusbed.1322429
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