Abstract
Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal medya kullanımının gençlerde beden beğenisi ve yeme tutumları üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma tanımlayıcı niteliktedir. Çalışmanın örneklemini üniversiteye devam eden 684 genç katılımcı oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Sosyal Medya Kullanım Ölçeği (SMKÖ), Sağlıklı Beslenme Tutum Ölçeği (SBTÖ) ve Bedeni Beğenme Ölçeği (BBÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiksel analizler ile birlikte, belirli niceliksel özelliklerin karşılaştırılması için Student’s t testi, tek yönlü ANOVA ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 18.56 ± 4.40 olup, %61.7’si kadındır. Katılımcıların SMKÖ, SBTÖ ve BBÖ toplam puan ortalamaları sırasıyla 48.52±10.64; 76.42±10.40; ve 28.46±6.28’dir. Sosyal medya kullanımı ile sağlıklı beslenme tutumları arasında güçlü bir pozitif korelasyon, sosyal medya kullanımı ile beden beğenme arasında ise güçlü bir negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur. Kadın katılımcıların bedenlerinden erkeklere göre daha az memnun oldukları, gelirini ‘yüksek’ olarak tanımlayanların sosyal medyayı daha az kullandığı ve ‘düşük’ olarak tanımlayanlara göre daha yüksek sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarına sahip oldukları belirlenmiştir. Günde 7 saat veya daha fazla sosyal medya kullanan katılımcıların sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının daha düşük ve bedenlerinden daha az memnun oldukları bulunmuştur. Katılımcıların yaşları ile SMKÖ toplam puan ortalaması arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı negatif bir korelasyon, SBTÖ ve BBÖ puan ortalamaları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı pozitif bir korelasyon bulunmuştur. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, katılımcıların sosyal medya kullanım seviyelerinin ortalamanın üzerinde, sağlıklı beslenme tutumlarının yüksek ve beden beğenme seviyelerinin ise ortalamanın altında olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Keywords
References
- Akın, A, Özbay A, Baykut İ. (2015). Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(38), 647-650.
- Albert, S. L. (2017). Consumingitall: Understanding the Complex Relationship between Media Consumption and Eating Behaviors, University of California.
- Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2020). Teens, social media & technology Overview 2015. Pew Research Center Erişim Adresi: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/04/09/teens-socialmedia-technology-2015/.
- Anlı, G., Akın, A., Eker, H., & Özçelik, B. (2015). Bedeni Beğenme Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 505-511
- Baldwin, H.J.; Freeman, B.; Kelly, B. Like and Share: Associations between Social Media Engagement and Dietary Choices in Children. Public Health Nutr. 2018, 21, 3210–3215
- Barry, C. T., Sidoti, C. L., Briggs, S. M., Reiter, S. R., & Lindsey, R. A. (2017). Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. Journal of Adolescence, 61, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005
- Bragg, M. A., Pageot, Y. K., Amico, A., Miller, A. N., Gasbarre, A., Rummo, P. E., & Elbel, B. (2020). Fast food, beverage, and snack brands on social media in the United States: An examination of marketing techniques utilized in 2000 brand posts. Pediatric Obesity, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12606
- Brown, D. (2019). Remember vine? These social networking sites defined the past decade. USA Today. Erişim Adresi: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2019/12/19/en d-decade-heres-how-social-media-has-evolved-over-10-years/4227619002/.
- Guinta, M. R., & John, R. M. (2018). Social media and adolescent health. Pediatric Nursing, 44(4), 196–201. GWI (2022). Fıgures Represent The Fındıngs Of A Broad Global Survey Of Internet Users Aged 16 To 64. See Gwı.Com For Full Detaıls
- Hawkins, L. K., Farrow, C., & Thomas, J. M. (2020). Do perceived norms of social media users' eating habits and preferences predict our own food consumption and BMI? Appetite, 149: 104611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104611. https://www.clicksus.com/we-are-social-2022-raporu https://www.clicksus.com/we-are-social-2023-global-ve-turkiye-raporu
- Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Johnson, B. (2013). Development and Validation of a Social Media Use Integration Scale”, Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(1): 38-50.
- Jiotsa, B., Naccache, B., Duval, M., Rocher, B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Social Media Use and Body Image Disorders: Association between Frequency of Comparing One's Own Physical Appearance to That of People Being Followed on Social Media and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6):2880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880.
- Mahon C, Hevey D. Processing Body Image on Social Media: Gender Differences in Adolescent Boys' and Girls' Agency and Active Coping. Front Psychol. 2021 May 21;12:626763. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626763.
- Murphy, G., Corcoran, C., Tatlow-Golden, M., Boyland, E., & Rooney, B. (2020). See, like, share, remember: Adolescents’ responses to unhealthy-, healthy- and non-food advertising in social media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072181
- O’Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K., & Council on Communications and Media. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
- Poirier, P., Giles, T. D., Bray, G. A., Hong, Y., Stern, J. S., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Eckel, R. H. (2006). Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: An update of the 1997 American Heart Association scientific statement on obesity and heart disease from the obesity committee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation, 113(6), 898–918. https:// doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016
- Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J.-P., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015). Associations between the use of social networking sites and unhealthy eating behaviours and excess body weight in adolescents. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(11), 1941–1947. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0007114515003566
- Serenko, A., Turel, O., & Bohonis, H. (2021). Sosyal Ağ Sitelerinin İngiltere'deki Ergenler Arasında Sağlıkla İlgili Sonuçlar Üzerindeki Etkisi. Comput. Hum. Behav. Rep, 3 :100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100058.
- Stamatiou, R., Katsafadou, V., & Mouratidou, T. (2022). The impact of social media on dietary choices, emotions around food consumption and body image in Greek adolescents and young adults. Public Health and Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/149841.
- Tankovska, H. (2021). Instagram: Number of users in the United States 2019- 2023. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statista.com/statistics/293771/number-of-us-instagram-users/.
- Tekkurşun Demir, G., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2019). Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ): Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 256-274.
- TikTok Statistics. (2021). revenue, users & engagement stats (2021). Influencer Marketing Hub. Erişim Adresi: https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/.
- Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53–67.
- Uhls, Y. T., Ellison, N. B., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017). Benefits and costs of social media in adolescence. Pediatrics, 140 (Supplement 2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016- 1758e
- Vandenbosch, L., Fardouly, J., & Tiggemann, M. (2022). Social media and body image: Recent trends and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol; 45:101289. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.002.
- Xu, J., Murphy, S. L., Kochanek, K. D., & Arias, E. (2020). Mortality in the United States, 2018 (NCHS data Brief No. 355). National Center for Health Statistics. https://www. cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db355.htm.
- Zhong, R., & Frenkel, S. (2020). A third of TikTok’s U.S. users may be 14 or under, raising safety questions. New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/ 14/technology/tiktok-underage-users-ftc.html.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of social media use on body appreciation and eating attitudes in youth. The research is of a descriptive nature. The sample of the study consists of 684 young participants attending university. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form, Social Media Use Integration Scale (SMIS), Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN), and Body Appreciation Scale (BAS). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis, along with Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis to compare certain quantitative characteristics. The average age of the participants is 18.56 ± 4.40, with 61.7% being female. The participants' total score averages for SMIS, ASHN, and BAS are 48.52±10.64; 76.42±10.40; and 28.46±6.28, respectively. A strong positive correlation was found between social media use and attitudes towards healthy eating, and a strong negative correlation between social media use and body appreciation. It was determined that female participants were less satisfied with their bodies compared to males, and those who defined their income as 'high' used social media less and had higher healthy eating attitudes compared to those who defined their income as 'low.' Participants with daily social media usage duration of ≥ 7 hours were found have lower healthy eating attitudes, and be less satisfied with their bodies. A statistically significant negative correlation was found between participants' age and SMIS total score average, and a statistically significant positive correlation was found between ASHN and BAS score averages. Based on the data obtained, it was determined that participants had above-average levels of social media use, high levels of attitudes towards healthy eating, and below-average levels of body appreciation.
References
- Akın, A, Özbay A, Baykut İ. (2015). Sosyal Medya Kullanımı Ölçeği’nin Türkçe Formunun Geçerliliği ve Güvenirliği. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(38), 647-650.
- Albert, S. L. (2017). Consumingitall: Understanding the Complex Relationship between Media Consumption and Eating Behaviors, University of California.
- Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2020). Teens, social media & technology Overview 2015. Pew Research Center Erişim Adresi: https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/04/09/teens-socialmedia-technology-2015/.
- Anlı, G., Akın, A., Eker, H., & Özçelik, B. (2015). Bedeni Beğenme Ölçeği: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. International Journal of Social Science, 36, 505-511
- Baldwin, H.J.; Freeman, B.; Kelly, B. Like and Share: Associations between Social Media Engagement and Dietary Choices in Children. Public Health Nutr. 2018, 21, 3210–3215
- Barry, C. T., Sidoti, C. L., Briggs, S. M., Reiter, S. R., & Lindsey, R. A. (2017). Adolescent social media use and mental health from adolescent and parent perspectives. Journal of Adolescence, 61, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.08.005
- Bragg, M. A., Pageot, Y. K., Amico, A., Miller, A. N., Gasbarre, A., Rummo, P. E., & Elbel, B. (2020). Fast food, beverage, and snack brands on social media in the United States: An examination of marketing techniques utilized in 2000 brand posts. Pediatric Obesity, 15(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12606
- Brown, D. (2019). Remember vine? These social networking sites defined the past decade. USA Today. Erişim Adresi: https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2019/12/19/en d-decade-heres-how-social-media-has-evolved-over-10-years/4227619002/.
- Guinta, M. R., & John, R. M. (2018). Social media and adolescent health. Pediatric Nursing, 44(4), 196–201. GWI (2022). Fıgures Represent The Fındıngs Of A Broad Global Survey Of Internet Users Aged 16 To 64. See Gwı.Com For Full Detaıls
- Hawkins, L. K., Farrow, C., & Thomas, J. M. (2020). Do perceived norms of social media users' eating habits and preferences predict our own food consumption and BMI? Appetite, 149: 104611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2020.104611. https://www.clicksus.com/we-are-social-2022-raporu https://www.clicksus.com/we-are-social-2023-global-ve-turkiye-raporu
- Jenkins-Guarnieri, M. A., Wright, S. L., & Johnson, B. (2013). Development and Validation of a Social Media Use Integration Scale”, Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(1): 38-50.
- Jiotsa, B., Naccache, B., Duval, M., Rocher, B., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2021). Social Media Use and Body Image Disorders: Association between Frequency of Comparing One's Own Physical Appearance to That of People Being Followed on Social Media and Body Dissatisfaction and Drive for Thinness. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(6):2880. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062880.
- Mahon C, Hevey D. Processing Body Image on Social Media: Gender Differences in Adolescent Boys' and Girls' Agency and Active Coping. Front Psychol. 2021 May 21;12:626763. https://doi. org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.626763.
- Murphy, G., Corcoran, C., Tatlow-Golden, M., Boyland, E., & Rooney, B. (2020). See, like, share, remember: Adolescents’ responses to unhealthy-, healthy- and non-food advertising in social media. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2181. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072181
- O’Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K., & Council on Communications and Media. (2011). The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families. Pediatrics, 127(4), 800–804. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0054
- Poirier, P., Giles, T. D., Bray, G. A., Hong, Y., Stern, J. S., Pi-Sunyer, F. X., & Eckel, R. H. (2006). Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: An update of the 1997 American Heart Association scientific statement on obesity and heart disease from the obesity committee of the council on nutrition, physical activity, and metabolism. Circulation, 113(6), 898–918. https:// doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.106.171016
- Sampasa-Kanyinga, H., Chaput, J.-P., & Hamilton, H. A. (2015). Associations between the use of social networking sites and unhealthy eating behaviours and excess body weight in adolescents. British Journal of Nutrition, 114(11), 1941–1947. https://doi. org/10.1017/S0007114515003566
- Serenko, A., Turel, O., & Bohonis, H. (2021). Sosyal Ağ Sitelerinin İngiltere'deki Ergenler Arasında Sağlıkla İlgili Sonuçlar Üzerindeki Etkisi. Comput. Hum. Behav. Rep, 3 :100058. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100058.
- Stamatiou, R., Katsafadou, V., & Mouratidou, T. (2022). The impact of social media on dietary choices, emotions around food consumption and body image in Greek adolescents and young adults. Public Health and Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.18332/pht/149841.
- Tankovska, H. (2021). Instagram: Number of users in the United States 2019- 2023. Erişim Adresi: https://www.statista.com/statistics/293771/number-of-us-instagram-users/.
- Tekkurşun Demir, G., & Cicioğlu, H. İ. (2019). Sağlıklı Beslenmeye İlişkin Tutum Ölçeği (SBİTÖ): Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Gaziantep Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(2), 256-274.
- TikTok Statistics. (2021). revenue, users & engagement stats (2021). Influencer Marketing Hub. Erişim Adresi: https://influencermarketinghub.com/tiktok-stats/.
- Tylka, T. L., & Wood-Barcalow, N. L. (2015). The Body Appreciation Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation. Body Image, 12, 53–67.
- Uhls, Y. T., Ellison, N. B., & Subrahmanyam, K. (2017). Benefits and costs of social media in adolescence. Pediatrics, 140 (Supplement 2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016- 1758e
- Vandenbosch, L., Fardouly, J., & Tiggemann, M. (2022). Social media and body image: Recent trends and future directions. Curr Opin Psychol; 45:101289. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.002.
- Xu, J., Murphy, S. L., Kochanek, K. D., & Arias, E. (2020). Mortality in the United States, 2018 (NCHS data Brief No. 355). National Center for Health Statistics. https://www. cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db355.htm.
- Zhong, R., & Frenkel, S. (2020). A third of TikTok’s U.S. users may be 14 or under, raising safety questions. New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/ 14/technology/tiktok-underage-users-ftc.html.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Child and Adolescent Psychiatry |
| Journal Section | Research Article |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | December 29, 2024 |
| Publication Date | December 31, 2024 |
| Submission Date | September 10, 2024 |
| Acceptance Date | November 15, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024Volume: 9 Issue: 3 |
The Journal of Sivas Cumhuriyet University Institute of Health Sciences is an international, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Institute of Health Sciences.